the mission simbol-x : the hard x-ray universe in focusmay 14, 2007 simbol-x the hard x–ray...

The mission Simbol-X : the hard X-ray universe in focus May 14, 2007

Simbol-X

the hard X–ray Universe in focus

0.5 – 80 keV

formation flight

Philippe FerrandoCEA/SAp & APC

laboratoryOn behalf of the Simbol-X collaboration


The Simbol-X collaborationF : CEA/Saclay, CESR/Toulouse, APC/Paris,

LAOG/Grenoble, Obs.Paris/Meudon, Obs.Astr.Strasbourg

It : INAF: O.A.Brera, Bologna, Roma, Palermo, IASF: Milano, Bologna, Roma, Palermo ASI: ASDC, FrascatiD : MPE Garching, I.A.A.Tübingen,

T.U. Darmstadt, Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg

• End ‘01 : First ideas and discussions CEA/Saclay & O.A. Brera • End ‘03 : CNES call for ideas for formation flight• Mid ‘04 : Selection of 4 missions for assessment phase (phase 0)• End 2005 : Selected for phase A, implemented jointly by CNES & ASI


Importance of the hard X–ray domain

Emissions probing matter under extreme conditions particularly around Black Holes

Domain where non-thermal emissions are dominating, directly tracing particle acceleration mechanisms

Domain in which the emission of the Universe is dominated by that of Super Massive Black Holes


Hard X–rays : the sensitivity lag

Soft X–rays

UHURU (1970, collimator)

• 2 – 20 keV• sensitivity : ~ 1 mCrab• angular resol. (FWHM) : 0.5°• catalog of 339 sources

XMM–Newton (1999, focusing)

• 0.1 – 15 keV

• sensitivity : ~ 1 Crab

• angular resol. (FWHM) : 6”• catalog of ~ 125,000 sources

Hard X–rays

IGR/ISGRI (2002, coded mask)

• 15 keV – 1 MeV• sensitivity : ~ 0.3 mCrab• angular resol. (FWHM) : 0.2°• catalog of 421 sources


Simbol–X : the hard X–rays at the “XMM” level

Soft X–rays

UHURU (1970, collimator)

• 2 – 20 keV• sensitivity : ~ 1 mCrab• angular resol. (FWHM) : 0.5°• catalog of 339 sources

XMM–Newton (1999, focusing)

• 0.1 – 15 keV


• angular resol. (FWHM) : 6”• catalog of ~ 125,000 sources

Hard X–rays

IGR/ISGRI (2002, coded mask)

• 15 keV – 1 MeV• sensitivity : ~ 0.3 mCrab• angular resol. (FWHM) : 0.2°• catalog of 421 sources

Simbol–X (2013, focusing)

• 0.5 – 80 keV


• angular resol. (FWHM) : 8”


Simbol–X core science objectives

I - Black Holes Physics

• Resolve ~ 50% of the Cosmic X-ray Background where it peaks at 30–40 keV

• Understand SgrA* and its environment

• Constrain the physics of accretion flows onto solar mass and super massive Black Holes

II - Particle acceleration mechanisms• Constrain acceleration processes in relativistic jets of blazars

• Probe acceleration mechanisms in the strong fields of pulsars

• Measure and map the full non thermal electron spectrum in SNR shocks

• Measure and map the controversial non-thermal emission in clusters of galaxies


ISGRIISGRI

XMM-NewtonXMM-NewtonSimbol–X

Simbol-X : understand SgrA* and its environment

Angular resolution : localize the sources

Simbol-X 3 , 1 hour

Sensitivity : detect SgrA* bursts and measure spectra

Simbol–X, 300 ks,

> 10 keV 10x10 arcmin2

Spectro-imaging : solve the diffuse X-ray emission enigma


And a very large discovery space guaranteed by :• a gain of two orders of magnitude or more in angular resolution and sensitivity• an observatory status open to the community

44Ti and explosive nucleosynth. yield

Magnetic activity and star formation

Gamma ray bursts afterglow emission

Cyclotron lines in neutron stars

An observatory also for…


Simbol-X top level scientific requirements

t : < 100 microsecondesContinuum sensitivity [1 Ms, 3 ] : < 0.5 Crab [10-40 keV]Line sensitivity : < 3 10-7 ph/cm2/s @ 68 keVMission duration : 3 years + provision for 2 additional yearsNumber of pointings :> 1000

Energy band : ~ 0.5 to > 80 keVE : < 150 eV @ 6 keV < 1.3 keV @ 68 keV

44TiFe

(HPD) : < 20 arcsec FOV : > 12 arcminAttitude reconst. : ± 3 arcsec

15”50”

10

’


How ?Extend to the hard X-rays the successful focusing technics based on grazing incidence angle mirrors, with a very long focal length possible thanks to formation flight.

20 m

Simbol-X concept

focusing• Large effective area• excellent angular resolution• very low background }

Grazing incidence : Emax 1/ Focal Length


Optics (INAF/O.A. Brera)

Build on the italian experience in electroforming mirror shells. Media-Lario facilities, upgraded for Simbol-X.

Jet-X/SwiftXMM–Newton

Use reduced thickness for shells, along a demonstrated trend. Use multi-layer coating building on experience of OAB/CfA.

Pt

C


Optics (INAF/O.A. Brera)100 shellsPt/C coatingMax diam. 70 cmMin diam. 29 cm

Additional item w.r.t XMM : a proton diverter for reduction of “soft proton” background


Collimator : ~ 2 m long graded shield. Full out of FOV sky closed with associated sky-shield on mirror S/C.

The detector payload (F+D, led by CEA)

Antennas for formation flight

Spectro-imaging instrument

Cd(Zn)Te

Si

< 17 keV > 17 keV

Cd(Zn)Te

Si

< 17 keV > 17 keV

The two detectors are seeing the same field through the unique

mirror

Two spectro-imagerson top of each other


Performances - Sensitivity

With background levels of 210-

4 and 310-4 cts/cm2.s.keV achievable with full anti-coincidence scheme

In a 1 Ms observation :~ 30 sources / field~ 12 highly obscured (> 23.5)

610-15


Orbit and operations (CNES, EADS, Alcatel-Alenia)• Single launch of 2 spacecrafts, by Soyuz from

Kourou, with overall mass within launcher performances (2.3 tons, 5 deg. incl.)

•4 days orbit, 20,000–180,000 km, with 83 % of the time above 73,000 km (~ 300 ks uninterrupted obs.)

•One station (Malindi), with contact at perigee for downlink of data and at change of target

• Formation flight (within ~ 1 cm3) ensured with cold gas thrusters


QuickTime™ et undécompresseur Sorenson Video 3

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Status - schedule

• Simbol-X is in phase A, conducted jointly by CNES & ASI, with the participation of MPE-IAAT

• End of phase A, and phase B decision : October 2007

• Launch frame : 2012-2015

• Operations for three years, with a provision for a 2 years expension

• Observation program will be composed of :- a “core program”, with main priority science targets- and a guest observer program open to the community

the mission simbol-x : the hard x-ray universe in focusmay 14, 2007 simbol-x the hard x–ray...

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