the mind doesn’t matter the assumptions of the behaviorist
TRANSCRIPT
Learning
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior which occurs as a result of experience.The learning is a result of the relationship between behavior (response) and events (stimuli)
Assumptions
Parsimony - Occam's Razor one should not increase, beyond what is necessary, the number of entities required to explain anything
Associationism -the doctrine supported by Aristotle, Hume and others that mental processes are based on forming connections between ideas or events.
John Locke and J.S. Mill
“reward and punishment … are the spur and reins whereby all mankind are set on work, and guided.”Today we talk about the “carrot and the stick”
The Pioneers
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949)John B. Watson (1878-1958)B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Ivan Pavlov
Discovered “Classical Conditioning”Was a Russian physiologist who discovered a link between reflexes and an “anticipatory response”.
Assignment
Find an advertisement from any newspaper or magazine.Examine the conditioning techniques used.Write a brief report on the elements.Be prepared to be randomly selected to present your report.
Due Friday
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Key Terms in Classical Conditioning
Neutral StimulusUnconditioned stimulusUnconditioned responseConditioned StimulusConditioned response
Stimulus GeneralizationStimulus DiscriminationExtinctionSpontaneous Recovery
Training
In the absence of training generalization will occur.Stimulus Discrimination requires trainingIn some cases extinction will not occur.
John B. Watson
Conditioned Emotional ResponsesWatson and Rayner with Little AlbertConditioned Drug and Immune Responses
Little Albert
Neutral Stimulus = RatUnconditioned (al) stimulus = Loud NoiseUnconditioned(al) Response = fearConditioned Stimulus = RatConditioned Response = Fear
QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Higher Order Conditioning
Before Higher Order Conditioning
During Higher Order Conditioning
CS1Buzzer
NS/CS2Black Square
CRSalivation
CS1Buzzer
CRSalivation
Neutral StimulusBlack Square
Orienting ResponseDog Looks at Square