the middle ages. the beginning of the middle ages (aka dark ages) fall of rome – no central power...
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The Middle Ages
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The beginning of the Middle Ages (AKA Dark
Ages)Fall of Rome –• No central power to provide
order
• Many Peoples invaded the area
• Social and Economic Chaos– Loss of education,
literacy– Trade Declined
• Cities were abandoned– Moved to towns, villages
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Rebuilding Society
– Feudalism (political system)
– Manor system (economic system)
– Rebuilt Trade and Infrastructure
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FeudalismForm of government based on exchange of land for protection and services
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Feudalism
Hierarchy-Descending power and authority
Social Class system-InheritedWell defined
Investiture-Loyalty and Service secured by Oath (contract)
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Feudal Class SystemLords – Nobles that were given lands by king
to maintain in return for service(Landlords)
Knights- Lesser Nobles that were also given lands to maintain in return for service
Serf- Worked the land and could not leave(Indentured)
Peasants- Worked the land but could leave (Freemen)
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How Feudalism Works• King or Nobel gives control of a piece of land
(Fief) to another Nobel (Vassal) in return for service and taxes
Fief- is a piece of land given to a vassal by a lord to manage and protect.
Vassal- Anyone who pledged their loyalty and service to another in return for a grant of land.
• Nobles can then divide up land further to other Nobles (Knights) or peasants/surfs in return for service and taxes
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Vassals
• Most noble vassals were knights: Professional horse soldiers
• Vassals provided military service and paid taxes to lords
• Mostly taxes were paid in crops
• Ultimately everyone was a vassal of the king
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Feudal Structure
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Feudal Structure
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Feudal Structure
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Feudal Structure
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Manor system• Basic economic
arrangement within Feudalism
• Revolved around the manor or large estate of the lord
• Based on set of rights and obligations between serfs and lords
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Manor system
•Lords protected land
•Peasants farmed the fields
•Serfs were legally tied to the land
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Manors: Self-Sufficient Community
• Manor Had:• Fortified house/castle• Village• Fields for crops• Pasture for animals• Church• Mill to grind grain• Blacksmith.
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Growth of Towns• People in Towns Asked
for Charters– Written documents
assuring rights– Formalized relationship to
lord
• Merchants set up Headquarters in towns
• Middle class began to grow (Between Peasants and Nobles)
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Trade Guilds
• Association of merchants and artisans that governed town
– Controlled prices/wages in town
– Set standards– Regulated Trade– Trained Members
•Apprentice• Journeyman•Master (Join Guild)
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Economic Changes
• Regained Control of Mediterranean
• Rebuilt Roman Roads
• Trade system re-created
• Trade Fairs– Meet for several weeks
to trade each year– Business grew to support