the middle ages early: 500 – 1000 early: 500 – 1000 high: 1000 – 1250 high: 1000 – 1250...
TRANSCRIPT
The Middle Ages
The Middle Ages
Early: 500 – 1000
High: 1000 – 1250
Late: 1250 - 1500
Middle Ages Question
What happens when a great society collapses?
How, or why, do times change?
The Middle Ages: 500 – 1500
The Medieval Period
Rise of the Middle Ages
Decline of the Roman Empire
http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/videos#the-fall-of-rome
Europe Today
6th Century Europe
The Early Middle Ages
Once the fall of the Roman Empire in
476, Europe divided into many
kingdoms:
Germanic Kingdoms:
The Franks – Pope crowned
Charlemagne
Goths
Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire
Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 800
Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 800
Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814
Power of the Medieval Church
Controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
Monks and monasteries
Tues Wed Thurs
1 3 1 *2 4 *2 5 *6 5 8 7 7
8
Feudalism
Think of a chess set
Feudalism A political, economic, and social system
based on loyalty and military service.
King / Lord
Vassal
Knight
Peasant / Serf
FeudalismManors – Self Sufficient Economies
Feudalism
Based on mutual obligation
Military protection
Provide knights in times of war
service
Fiefs – land grants
Fiefs – land grants
protection
Shogun
Daimyo Daimyo
Samurai Samurai Samurai
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
Feudalism in Japan
The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Japanese
Feudal
Society
The Age of Chivalry
The Age of Chivalry
Chivalry – a complex set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters
1. His feudal lord
2. His Heavenly Lord
3. His Lady
Japan’s Code of Bushido
Justice – Gi Courage - Yu Benevolence - Jin Politeness - Rel Veracity - Makoto Honor - Melyo Loyalty - Chugo
Art of Seppuku
Pillaging and Plundering
European knightEuropean knight Samurai WarriorSamurai Warrior
vs.vs.
Medieval Warriors
Knight’s ArmorKnight’s Armor Samurai ArmorSamurai Armor
vs.vs.
Medieval Warriors
Early Mounted Samurai WarriorsEarly Mounted
Samurai Warriors
Samurai ChargingSamurai Charging
Castles and Keeps
Home to lord and lady, their family, knights, soldiers, and servants
Medieval CastleMedieval Castle
Castles and Keeps
C
A
S
T
L
E
S
C
A
S
T
L
E
S
Osaka CastleOsaka Castle
Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle
Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle
Video Clip
http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/videos#weapons-of-the-middle-ages
Charlemagne Legacy
Charlemagne died
Grandsons had to divide up the empire
into 3 smaller empires
But they were weak and were destroyed
Charlemagne’s governing style helped
create new kingdoms
Law Abiding & Strong Gov’ts
Rule of Law
Has the Middle Ages influenced America’s way of life?
starter activity
Which of the qualities do you think were most important
for a medieval
king?
Rich, but not greedy
Healthy & strong
Inspiring
Hard working
Brave
Wise
Firm but fair
Good soldier
Good judge of character
God-fearing
King John
A new English King
Cruel & Untrustworthy
Raised taxes
Overrode traditional laws
The Consequences John Faced
Barons listed their grievances
List became known as Magna Carta
The king must obey some laws!
Magna Carta
The king must not interfere with the Church When a baron inherits land he should pay the
king no more than £100 The king cannot collect new taxes unless the
barons and bishops agree No freeman can be put in prison without trial by
a jury Justice will be without delays or bribes Traders must be able to travel freely without
having to pay tolls The King’s men must not take anyone’s goods
without paying for them.
Magna Carta
Some main tenants:
Rule of Law
Fairness of Law
Due Process
Habeas Corpus
Rule of law
Powers and privileges of the king are clearly defined and limited
Fairness of the Laws
"Reasonable" rules and regulations
Equal justice under the law
Recognition of customs, traditions, and established rights
Punishment in proportion to the crime
Due Process
Established procedures
No trial without evidence/testimony to
support accusations
Trials held in a timely manner
Trials open to the public
Trial by a jury of one's peers
Habeas Corpus
No one can be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime
EAST MEETS WESTEAST MEETS WEST
The CrusadesThe Crusades
How did the Crusades change life in Europe and beyond?
The Crusades
Muslim Conquest
In the seventh century, Muslims conquered Palestine.
Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land.
As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less tolerant. However, they began killing Christians
Pope Urban II
In 1095, Pope Urban II, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, called for a crusade, or war, against the Muslims.
Ultimately, the Christians fought many crusades against the Muslims.
However, Christians never permanently regained control of the Holy Land.
E. Napp
For almost 200 years – from 1096 to 1291-European crusaders went to the Holy Land.
Many EuropeansJoined the
Crusades. Somejoined for the
promise of Heaven.Others joined
hoping for wealth.
Crusaders
Crusaders were European Christians who heeded the Pope’s call to regain the Holy Land.
Crusaders joined for many reasons.
Some joined for the promise of Heaven, others for wealth, and still others for adventure.
Crusadersoften wore
a crosson their
breastplate.
The Effects of the Crusades
Historians frequently call the Crusades “a successful failure.”
While Europeans never regained permanent control of the Holy Land and many people were killed, cultural diffusion increased.
Europeans began to trade with the Middle East. The Crusades showed Europeans that millions of
people existed in the world. Opened up trade b/t Europe and the World
E. Napp
Europeans learned about Arab art,architecture, medicine, and mathematics.
The Early Middle Ages
Muslims conquered Spain in 711.
Threatened to spread Islam throughout
Europe
They were defeated in 732
Christianity remained Europe’s most
popular religion
Vikings Attack
Vikings – Germanic people called Norsemen
• From Scandinavia
• Worshipped warlike gods
• Pillage and Plunder
• Warriors, traders, farmers, and explorers
Your Task On page 214 & 216 complete the
“note taking charts” After each heading write an essential
question about the topic
Document Based Assessment - pg. 241
Answer questions 1-3 about
Charlemagne
For each question explain your
reasoning
Today’s Question
How did feudalism emerge and shape medieval life?
While answering, emphasize what you think are the positives and negatives of feudalism?
219-224
Chapter 15-1The Early Middle Ages
Otto I was a powerful German king
Fought the Magyars
Protected the pope
Pope made him emperor of the Romans
Otto’s territory became known as the Holy Roman Empire
Chapter 15-1
The Early Middle Ages
Scandinavia is a country in northern Europe Home of the Viking
people Vikings were skilled
sailors They raided Europe
between 800 and 900 A.D and conquered parts of western France called Normandy
The Rise of the Catholic Church
St Patrick traveled to Ireland and spread Christianity He established
monasteries Monks taught
and preserved Roman learning
The Rise of the Catholic Church
Gregory the Great: pope 590-604 Asked monks to become
missionaries They converted Ethelbert
(ruler of Kent in Britain) Irish monks converted
people in northern Europe Monks and monasteries
played big part in education, health care, and preservation of knowledge
Played an important role in Europe’s politics
The Rise of the Catholic Church
1073 Gregory VII was elected pope He issued a decree forbidding
kings from anointing high ranking church officials
Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor at the time) refused to obey
Henry declared that Gregory was no longer the pope
Gregory excommunicated Henry
So, when the German nobles chose a new emperor, Gregory accepted him
Henry declared war against Gregory
The Rise of the Catholic Church
By 1122, we had a new emperor and a new pope They came to an agreement and
called it the Concordat of Worms Agreed that only the pope could choose
the bishops, and only the emperor could give them government jobs
The Rise of the Catholic Church
Catholic Church became really powerful under Pope Innocent III He controlled kings by threatening to
withhold Christian rituals (like communion) from a king of a country’s people