the message
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The Message . Chapter 5 . Semiotic Tradition . Semiotics of language Ferdinand de Saussure Modern founder of structure linguistics Language is arbitrary Structure approach of Language Forms Consist of speech, sounds, words, and grammar Language use is NOT arbitrary - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Message Chapter 5
Semiotic Tradition Semiotics of language Ferdinand de Saussure
Modern founder of structure linguistics Language is arbitrary
Structure approach of Language FormsConsist of speech, sounds, words, and
grammarLanguage use is NOT arbitrary Language needs meaning to represent
something
Understanding the Structure Saussure Key is difference in three areas
SoundLetters sound different: p versus b
Word form differsPat versus Bat
Grammatical formsVerb tenses change meaning“has run” versus “will run”
Language vs. Speech Language (langue)
Formal system of language used in communicationCan be analyzed apart from its use (grammatical
etc)Constant
Speech (parole) The use of language to deliver a thought or
accomplish a purpose Flexible and changing Linquistics = study of Language not speech
Beyond Semiotics Linguistics not enough to understand human use of
language Two primary focus:
Generative grammarCognitive study of how rules impact spoken
language Chomsky
DiscourseUse of language in communicationEvaluates conversations, media
productions, and speeches
Nonverbal Communication
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfDWQG47pAQ
Theories of Nonverbal Coding Includes three dimensions:
SemanticMeaning of signs
SyntacticHow signs are organized into system with
other signPragmatic
Effects or behavior created by signs
Eight aspects of Nonverbal Communication
KinesicsClothing and artifactsVoice: Paralanguage
Pitch, volume, rate, nonfluencies, silenceProxemics
Eight Aspects of Nonverbal Communication
ColorsChronemicsTouch: HapticsOlfactics: Smell
Tell me her story
Kinesics Ray Birdwhistell, Kinesics and Context, page 127
Seven assumptions used for his theory of body language
Cultural Gaffes
Proxemics Edward Hall Three types of space
Fixed-featured spaceUnmovable things
Semi-fixed featureMovable objects
Informal Space Personal territory between people
Intimate, Personal, Social & public
Proxemics and Culture
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gscRJhDNVmI
Theoretical Approaches to Understanding the
MessageSpeech Act TheoryAction Assembly TheoryMessage Design Models
Speech Act Theory “ I will pay you back”
Accomplishes the following:Utterance ActPropositional Act Illocutionary ActPerlocutionary Act
Two types of rules with Illocution forceConstitutive rules
Used to tell how to interpret statementCreates framework for understanding
Regulatory Rules Tell how to use speech to accomplish a goal
Action-Assembly Theory John GreeneEvaluates how we organize knowledge to form messages Uses two types of knowledge
Content KnowledgeKnowledge about things, or events in speech
Procedural Knowledge Knowledge about how to do things Takes center stage in theoryProcess of associating common actions becomes
procedural record
John, How are you? Fine, Mary, how are you?
Message Design Models Planning Theory
Charles BergerExplain the processes people use to plan
communication behavior Communication Plans
Mental images of steps used to accomplish a goal