The Meiji Restoration The Meiji Restoration Era, Era,

1868-18891868-1889

Road to IndustrializationRoad to Industrialization

Change was the currency Change was the currency isolated, feudalistic island state in isolated, feudalistic island state in

1850 1850 a powerful colonial power with the a powerful colonial power with the

most modern of institutions by 1912 most modern of institutions by 1912

Samurai

Samurai of the Satsuma clan during the Boshin War, circa 1867.

Sources of the Meiji Sources of the Meiji RestorationRestoration

Tokugawa era Tokugawa era (1600–1868) (1600–1868) stability stability centralized “feudal” centralized “feudal”

system system Europeans excluded Europeans excluded political and educational political and educational

sophistication sophistication Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu

Late-Tokugawa Japan ripe for Late-Tokugawa Japan ripe for change change

leaders interested in leaders interested in the ways of the West the ways of the West

American and American and European seaman European seaman began visiting Japan’s began visiting Japan’s ports ports

Domains gaining Domains gaining power at the expense power at the expense of the shogunateof the shogunate

Japanese woodblock print of Perry (centre) and other high-ranking American seamen.

Tokugawa opens Japan to Tokugawa opens Japan to foreigners in 1854 foreigners in 1854

most tumultuous periodmost tumultuous period Westerners demand trade Westerners demand trade new customs new customs Christian religion Christian religion Playing politicsPlaying politics

Commodore Perry's fleet for his second visit to Japan in 1854.

The Transition to Meiji, The Transition to Meiji, 1868–18771868–1877

January 3, 1868, Meiji’s coupJanuary 3, 1868, Meiji’s coup leaders were young leaders were young policies were pragmatic policies were pragmatic power was tenuous power was tenuous

The Meiji Emperor,moving from Kyoto to Tokyo, end of 1868.

““Seat-of-the-pants” Seat-of-the-pants” GovernmentGovernment

““charter oath,” issued in April 1868 charter oath,” issued in April 1868 government structure was government structure was

reorganized repeatedly reorganized repeatedly leadership kept shifting leadership kept shifting policies often revised policies often revised

Reception by the Meiji Emperor of the Second French Military Mission to Japan, 1872.

The Clear Direction The Clear Direction

CentralizationCentralization SolidaritySolidarity Involvement in the Involvement in the

broader world. broader world. Commitment to making Commitment to making

Japan a modern nationJapan a modern nation

Emperor Meiji in his fifties

Internationalization Internationalization

Studied Western models Studied Western models yatoi yatoi

Treaty Revision Treaty Revision

The Meiji emperor receiving the Order of the Garter from Prince Arthur of Connaught in 1906, as a consequence of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.

Centralization Centralization replace the semi-feudal domains with replace the semi-feudal domains with

modern prefectures modern prefectures military draft military draft School compulsorySchool compulsory

Crisis of 1873 Crisis of 1873 Satsuma Rebellion Satsuma Rebellion

of 1877 of 1877

Provinces of Japan in an 1855 map.

Creating a Modern System, Creating a Modern System, 1877–18891877–1889

hard on the traditional samurai class, hard on the traditional samurai class, and devastating for vast numbers of and devastating for vast numbers of peoplepeople

diffusion of new ideas and practices diffusion of new ideas and practices FoodFood BusinessBusiness InfrastructureInfrastructure culture culture

Saigo Takamori (seated, in Western uniform), surrounded by his officers, in samurai attire, during the 1877 Satsuma rebellion.

Drive toward creating a Drive toward creating a Constitutional System Constitutional System

A constant, fierce struggle between A constant, fierce struggle between popular and official forces. popular and official forces. ““movement for freedom and rights” movement for freedom and rights”

Ito Hirobumi, led a group to Europe Ito Hirobumi, led a group to Europe to study political systems to study political systems

Prime Minister of Japan In office

22 December 1885 – 30 April 1888

The Restoration LegacyThe Restoration Legacy

The rise of nationalism The rise of nationalism rising importance of military affairs rising importance of military affairs march to modernity march to modernity

Itagaki Taisuke was attacked by thug in Gifu. And, he said "Itagaki may die, but liberty never!"

Read and AnswerRead and Answer

What cultural beliefs and attitudes What cultural beliefs and attitudes allowed Japan to industrialize so allowed Japan to industrialize so quickly?quickly?

How does this compare to Russian How does this compare to Russian industrialization?industrialization?

Read:Read: The Samurai and their use of BushidoThe Samurai and their use of Bushido Bushido: The Way of the WarriorBushido: The Way of the Warrior

ReadRead

The Samurai and their use of BushidoThe Samurai and their use of Bushido Bushido: The Way of the WarriorBushido: The Way of the Warrior