the media – post 9/11
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A Level Media Studies. The Media – post 9/11. September 11 th 2001. A co-ordinated series of attacks on the USA by al-Qaeda. Hijackers crashed planes into the twin towers at the World Trade Centre, the Pentagon and Pennsylvania. 3,000 victims - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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A Level Media Studies
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September 11th 2001
A co-ordinated series of attacks on the USA by al-Qaeda.
Hijackers crashed planes into the twin towers at the World Trade Centre, the Pentagon and Pennsylvania.
3,000 victims The US responded by launching the
‘war against terror’ and invading Afghanistan.
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The News
• The footage of the second plane crash was seen live by millions.
• These images have become the most documented and watched event in TV history.
• Impact of new technology.• At the time news reporting was selective –
focused on the powerless victims of the Twin Towers.
• This emphasised the illegitimacy of the violence.• References to the Pentagon and Pennsylvania
crash sites were often marginalised.
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Realism
• Amateur nature of footage gave it VALIDITY and CREDIBILITY.
• The shaky hand held images taken by the public affirmed the reality of the disaster.
• The realism of the event was seen through the prism of disaster movies previously watched.
• Initially it was felt that audiences would no longer be able to derive pleasure from these in the future.
• Schwarzenegger’s Collateral Damage was withdrawn from release.
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After 9/11
• Representations of violence in both fictional and news texts have changed.
• Representations of New York were also altered.
• Friends (TV) and Spiderman (film) removed images of the twin towers from the New York skyline.
• New York started to be represented in a more complex and less upbeat way.
• The Day After Tomorrow (2004) • 24 – series (2001- ) Shift in focus on threat
from terrorism rather than threat from crime.
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War Against Terrorism
After 9/11 journalists and politicians represented the Western world as involved in a ‘war against terrorism’.
This representation has been used as a justification for invasions into Afghanistan and Iraq.
Increased security measures at airports/borders.
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War Against Terror
• REFLECTIVE• Focus on the
selectivity of representations of 9/11,
• The ‘war on terror’ and
• Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq
• CONSTRUCTIONIST• The ‘war on terror’ is
a product of media representations, constructed through media language and political discourse circulated in the media.
• Such a perspective suggests a heavy involvement and culpability of the media in politics.
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New media impact
New media can offer new outlets for divergent views in contemporary society.
Satellite channels – Al Jazeera
Websites – the Baghdad Blogger, LiveLeak