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TRANSCRIPT
The Mechanics of Breathing
Two muscles involved.
Intercostal Muscles
Diaphragm
Two muscles involved.
Intercostal Muscles- moves the rib cage
Diaphragm- Muscle layer that separates the cavity of the (lungs) from the abdomen (stomach)
InhalationExternal intercostals contract- ribs
move up and out
Diaphragm contracts- to pull downward
(this increase the amount of space in the chest which lowers thoracic air pressure)
Air rushes in
Exhalation
Internal intercostals relax- ribs move down and in
Diaphragm relaxes- pulls upward
(this decrease the amount of space in the chest which increases thoracic air pressure)
Air rushes out
Part of BreathingVo
lum
e A
ir
6000 ml
1000 ml
Time--->
Tidal Volume - regular rate of relaxed breathing
Part of BreathingVo
lum
e A
ir
6000 ml
1000 ml
Time--->
Inspiratory reserve volume - the extra volume one can inhale beyond normal breath
Part of BreathingVo
lum
e A
ir
6000 ml
1000 ml
Time--->
Expiratory reserve volume - the extra volume that one can exhale beyond normal breath
Part of BreathingVo
lum
e A
ir
6000 ml
1000 ml
Time--->
Residual volume - the volume one can’t exhale and remains in the lungs (1 L)
Part of BreathingVo
lum
e A
ir
6000 ml
1000 ml
Time--->
Vital Capacity - Maximum working lung volume. (5 L- ave. adult male)
Male FemaleVital capacity (FVC) 4.8 L 3.7 LTidal volume (Vt) 500mL 390mLTotal lung capacity (TLC) 6.0 L 4.7 L
Who is….
Smoking male
Fit male
Female
What parts of breathing is represented by the following? a. A student sneezes b. Normal sleeping rhythm. c. A student exhales and then gets punched in the stomach and gets the wind knocked out of them. d. Nick reaches the end of a marathon with a sprint e. A student takes a breath before swimming to the bottom of a pool’s deep end. f. A patience’s lungs collapse
Required table
Tidal Volume
Inspiratory Capacity
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (B-A)
Calculated Vital Capacity
Expiratory Reserve volume D-(A+C)
A Make a breathing curve for your results and then for another student of the opposite sex around the same size as you (TO BE HANDED IN ALONG WITH DATA). B When you have completed this, answer question on page 449, # 10,11,12
A B C D E F
trial
1
2
3
Ave
Oxygen Transport
• hemoglobin (hb) • contains heme- an iron
molecule that makes blood red
• picks up to 4 molecules of oxygen at lungs
• releases oxygen in presence of high carbonic acid (CO2 at tissues)
• some carbon dioxide will bind to hb.
Carbon Dioxide Transport
20% CO2
20% CO2
20% CO2
80% CO2 + H2O H2CO3
H+ HCO3-
H+
H+
H+
• some dissolves in blood • some binds to hb • most reacts with water to form
carbonic acid -the H+ will accumulate on
hb to prevent low blood pH
Breathing Lab 1