the marsame methodology applications marsame methodology fundamentals, benefits, and applications...
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THE MARSAME METHODOLOGY
Fundamentals, Benefits, and Applications
Alex J. Boerner, CHP
Health Physics Section Manager
May 15, 2013 DOE ERAD May 2013
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What is MARSAME?
MARSAME is an acronym for “Multi-Agency Radiation
Survey and Assessment of Materials and Equipment”.
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Brief History
• MARSAME was a collective effort of the Department of
Energy (DOE), Department of Defense (DoD),
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).
• It is a tool to aid sites in the clearance of materials and
equipment (M&E).
• The MARSAME manual was published in January 2009.
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The MARSAME Manual
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MARSAME-MARSSIM RELATIONSHIP
The MARSAME manual supplements the Multi-Agency
Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual
(“MARSSIM”).
While MARSSIM is applicable to real property
(buildings and land), MARSAME applies to non-real
materials and equipment.
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• Typically encountered
M&E include:
• Metals
• Concrete
• Tools
• Equipment
• Piping
• Conduit
• Furniture
M&E Examples
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M&E Examples
• Other M&E includes dispersible bulk materials:
• Trash
• Rubble
• Roofing materials
• Sludge
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M&E Examples
• A third category of M&E consists of:
• Liquids (in drums)
• Gases (pressurized gas cylinders)
• Solids (containerized soil)
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MARSAME MANUAL (Chapter Breakdown)
• Roadmap
• Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview
• Chapter 2: Initial Assessment of Materials and
Equipment
• Chapter 3: Identify Inputs to the Decision
• Chapter 4: Develop a Survey Design
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MARSAME MANUAL (Chapter Breakdown)
• Chapter 5: Implement the Survey Design
• Chapter 6: Evaluate the Survey Results
• Chapter 7: Statistical Basis for MARSAME Surveys
• Chapter 8: Illustrative Examples
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MARSAME Appendices
• Appendix A: Statistical Tables
• Appendix B: Sources of Background Radioactivity
• Appendix C: Examples of Common Radionuclides
• Appendix D: Instrumentation and Measurement
Techniques
• Appendix E: Disposition Criteria
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Part 1: Fundamentals
• MARSAME:
• Uses a graded approach and flexibility in the design
and implementation of disposition surveys
• Employs the data life cycle
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Data Life Cycle
• Planning
• Implementation
• Data Assessment
• Decision Making
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Planning
• The “team” concept is encouraged to successfully plan
a MARSAME disposition survey.
• Depending on complexity, significant effort is often
required.
• Also encouraged: The EPA “Data Quality Objectives”
(DQO) seven step process (or equivalent).
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MARSAME-MARSSIM (The Challenge to Us All)
MARSAME Users are
expected to have:
A MARSSIM background
Knowledge of health physics
An understanding of
statistics
Practical radiation
protection experience
A radiation instrumentation
background
Experience in the conduct of
radiation surveys
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Initial Assessment or “IA”
• By definition, it is “an investigation to collect existing
information describing M&E and is similar to the
Historical Site Assessment (HSA) described in
MARSSIM”.
• First significant step in the M&E investigation process.
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Initial Assessment
• Employs:
• Initial “categorization” of the M&E (impacted vs.
non-impacted)
• Visual inspections
• Historical records reviews
• Process knowledge evaluations
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Classes of Impacted M&E
• If the M&E has been categorized as impacted, three
classes exist, equivalent to the MARSSIM approach:
• Class 1
• Class 2
• Class 3
• The classification determines the relative level of
survey effort (greatest effort for Class 1).
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IA: Preliminary Surveys
• Basic approach:
• Preliminary survey design addresses questions
regarding the existing data.
• Possible conclusion: data gaps exist!
• If so, utilize a preliminary survey to acquire the
necessary data.
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IA: Preliminary Surveys
• The physical characteristics of the M&E to be described by the survey consist of four attributes:
• Dimensions
• Complexity
• Accessibility
• Inherent Value
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IA: Preliminary Surveys
• The radiological characteristics of the M&E to be described by the survey consist of four attributes:
• Radionuclides
• Activity (or concentration)
• Distribution
• Location
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Disposition Options
• MARSAME provides several potential M&E disposition
options under “Release” and “Interdiction” Scenarios
for impacted M&E.
• Under release (9 examples):
• Reuse in a controlled environment
• Reuse without radiological controls (i.e., clearance)
• Recycle for use in a controlled environment (i.e., authorized
disposition)
• Recycle without radiological controls
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Disposition Options
• Under release (continued):
• Disposal as industrial or municipal waste
• Disposal as low-level radioactive waste
• Disposal as high-level radioactive waste
• Disposal as transuranic (TRU) waste, and lastly………
• Maintain current radiological controls
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Disposition Options
• Under interdiction (4 examples):
• Remove M&E from general commerce and initiate
radiological controls
• Decide to accept M&E for a specific application
• Decide NOT to accept M&E for a specific application
• Continue unrestricted use of M&E (no action)
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MARSSIM Flashback: Relative Shift
• MARSSIM uses preliminary radiological data to calculate a Relative Shift.
This is used later for planning surveys.
• The Relative Shift represents a summary of estimated radiological conditions
versus a potential limit or action level.
UBGR = Upper Bound of the Gray Region = Action Level (i.e. limit)
LBGR = Lower Bound of the Gray Region (= best guess of average levels)
LBGR and σ are based on data from characterization or remediation surveys
σLBGRUBGR
σΔ
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Graphic of Large Relative Shift
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Graphic of Small Relative Shift
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LBGR and UBGR Under “Scenario A”
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LBGR and UBGR Under “Scenario B”
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Measurement Quality Objectives (MQOs)
• MARSAME states that “MQOs can be viewed as the
measurement portion of the overall project DQOs”
• MQOs are “characteristics of a measurement method
required to meet the objectives of the survey”
Note: MQO is a new term (not used in MARSSIM)
• Two key words are “measurement method” as this
relates directly to the successful development of a
disposition survey design.
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What does MARSAME mean by “Measurement Method”?
• In MARSAME, a measurement method refers to the
combination of:
• Instrumentation
• Examples: Geiger-Mueller (G-M), Sodium Iodide (NaI)
with a
• Measurement technique
• Examples: scan, in situ, sample collection*
*followed by a separate laboratory analysis
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Typical Radiological Contamination
Instrumentation
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MQOs: The Big Six!
• Measurement Method Uncertainty
• Detection Capability (MDC)
• Quantification Capability (MQC)
• Range
• Specificity
• Ruggedness
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Implementation Phase
• Refers specifically to implementation of the selected
survey design.
• Includes:
• Health and safety considerations
• Handling, preparing, transporting, and segregating
M&E
• Control of Measurement Uncertainty and MQOs
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Examples of Disposition Surveys
• MARSAME discusses three principal survey designs:
• Scan-only
• In Situ
• “MARSSIM-Type” (combines scans and static
measurements)
• Note: A fourth design, “Method Based”, is also
mentioned.
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Assessment Phase
• Follows the implementation phase.
• Assessment refers to “Data Quality Assessment”
(DQA).
• DQA is used to evaluate generated data to determine if
it is of the right:
• type
• quality
• quantity
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Assessment Phase
• Recommended: Independent Verification and
Validation!
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Decision-Making Phase
• Follows the assessment phase.
• This phase is designed to reach a “technically
defensible decision regarding disposition of the M&E”.
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Part 2: Applications!
• To date, practical applications of the MARSAME
approach have been limited (examples I am aware of
include a DOE contractor and NRC licensee facility).
• Two examples include:
• Rail car survey (Hanford, WA); and
• M&E surveys at Humboldt Bay (Eureka, CA)
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Hanford Rail Car Survey (DOE Contractor)
• Utilized an in situ rail monitoring system to survey over
100 miles of track with possible surface contamination.
• The MARSAME approach included a reuse scenario
(consistent with its intended purpose) and a disposal
option.
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Hanford Rail Car Survey (DOE Contractor)
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Part 3: Benefits! (Hanford Rail Car)
• The rail car survey culminated with the following
reported benefits:
• protection of workers and the public;
• reduction of 80,000 cubic feet of waste disposed, resulting in
projected savings of $500,000;
• reuse of materials that sustained valuable materials;
• significant cost reduction (88%) by surveying the rails with a
moving monitoring system rather than a 100% hand survey;
• reduced impact to the environment.
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Humboldt Bay (NRC-licensee)
• Regarding Humboldt, a survey package was developed based
on the MARSAME methodology to specifically evaluate several
large transformers at the facility.
• The survey package included:
• an IA;
• categorization into impacted and non-impacted surfaces;
• classification of impacted surfaces as Class 3;
• a description of physical and radiological attributes;
• the implementation of preliminary surveys;
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Humboldt Bay (NRC-licensee)
• The survey package included (continued):
• selection of a preferred disposition option; and
• a detailed survey design, including discussion and selection
of:
• measurement quality objectives,
• the survey implementation approach,
• results, and
• a DQA to determine an appropriate disposition decision.
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Part 4: Conclusions!
• While not without flaws, the MARSAME methodology
was developed to promote consistency among several
federal agencies in the design and implementation of
disposition surveys for Materials and Equipment.
• It is an “evolutionary” outgrowth of the MARSSIM
approach applied to non-real property.
• The methodology employs a greater reliance on
statistical approaches……….a challenge for most of
us!
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Conclusions
• If the MARSAME methodology is appropriately planned
and implemented, several benefits related to waste
management can result.
• These include:
• worker and public protection,
• reduction in the amount of disposed radioactive waste,
• reuse of materials (with associated environmental and
material sustainability advantages), and identified cost
savings.
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Thank You!
• It has been a pleasure to have the opportunity to speak
to you today!
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