THE MAN THEY HAD TO KILL - ROGER CASEMENT PAGE 2

I R I S H M O C R A T FOUNDED IN 1939 MONTHLY ORGAN OF THE CONNOLLY ASSOCIATION

No. 374 AUGUST 1975 Price lOp - but not for long

OUT

F r o n t « S p e c i a l C o r r e s p o n d e n t

U S P I C I O N i s b t f t t i j j i r t g , u p t h a t t h e J W * i f f e ^ i ^ L ,

B e l f a s t a r e d e l i b e r a t e l y s e e k i n g t o p r o v o k e a n

P r o v i s i o n a l I . R . A . c e a s e f i r e . ' ' ' ' V.*-: y - , ' ^ ^ -.Vi'J

s e e m s n o o t h e r s a t i s f a c t o r y e x p l o n o t i o i l o f t h e a c t i o n s b f

t h e B r i t i s h A r m y o u t h o r i t i e s i n r e c e n f :

Many of the military torasshats at British Army headquarters in Lisburn were oppoiod to Wie negotiation of the truce in the first plate. They dislike the Pttwtsiowrtsiiuite as much as thej-oyafats do arid they also dlsltfcethe Labour pOIItielans I l k e M e s m R e e s arid Wilson who brought about the truce on th$ British tide.

-As was shpwn Iastpgtear.dur-the possible «se-of, trdop® ^ng the. Workers'"- C ^ u h p i 1-- aid-of: fhe etoft.-po^P'ow ifce

" tv ,° ic T ^ f^r. , maMaf ld^ Britain,Us^f w^he " " • the

Queen of Song EVERYBODY in-South Lon-K don is taking about the concert i i l ' S ' Connolly Assocfotfonis put t ing,^ to mark anniversary of John. WcCormack, the man with the geWen voice.

And the more particularly since the Bundot'an Co. Done-gal girl who has been des-cribed as "Ireland's queen of song" is to sing there.

In her home town, she worked as a waitress. Then she got a part as Cinderella in a pantomime.

Before long she was sing-ing all over the world* the •United States, New Zealand —everywhere.

She represented Ireland in the ' Eurevision Song Con-tent" of 1960 and came in third.

P n Sept. 25th she is part of a brilliant galaxy, which includes Michael O'Duffy and many others. Vou want to

move along quickly if you want those tickets. Pat Bond is shelling them out. Full details on page six.

l'"strike," the Army is far from being the obedient "instrument of Messrs Rees and .Wilson. It has a mind of its own, which is full of Tory and imperialist assumptions. The Aigjay (Gener-als are totally Without sym-pathy for the working class — they are hostile to the trade unions, which they see as full of "reds" and "pinks," and they are consciously preparing for

W W : yeairs; and; see Northern Ireland experience as invaluable for this: purpose.

BREAKDOWN The breakdown of the cease-

fire would not suit the British politicians. or Mr, Rees, who. staked a lot of political capital i» briefing it about. It would

.; (Oentinuad on Pag» FW») ... - .

\ DELEGATUON of 14 London trade unionists visited the six

counties for four days, July Srd to July 0th, under the auspices of the Greater London Associa-tion of Trades Councils.

The delegation was the brain-child of the Brent Trades Co un-cile, whose secretary is Mr Jack Dromey, a leading figure in the National Council for Civil Liber-ties.

The delegation were guests of the Belfast Trades Council. While in Belfast they met the Execu-tive of the Trades Council, toured Harland A Wdtffs and a Government training cent™ to Belfast, mat Brendan H w M n # of the Northern Ireland Committee of the I.C.T.V.. the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association the Ulster Citizens' Civil Liber-ties Advice Centre, the Greater West Belfast Community Asso-

ciation, and the Community Organisations of Northern ire-land. r

4 « o « view with %'• three

fHEY spent Friday evening as guests of N.I.C.R.A. ina club.

in the tower Falls district^ and Saturday as guests of the Turf Lodge Tenants' Association. - During the Mr Dromey in an the "Irish De members of the requested to le tion for trying fautotni** friends of theirs a&ttnst tk$de* vision of the G.L.MF0$ TH* three are suppormnf of the "Troops Out ftfovertignt"^

There will be f report-back conference in September*, ientt it is expected that union bodies wtflgPRjpipiefal report-back menting^r >•

The recommendmtjmt of the delegation will be published during August. Mr Wtytwy told

thf "Irfab Democrat" that they were likelyto IhctudQ the end of internment, an end toArmy harassment and tjte withdrawal, of .armed Jot^Mm duU^mtdakU-oflWH*, . T h e ; delegation asked many hrterasts whether they wanted the imme-' • r • *h

it, jm^p^MSSmM^' w p of<wm:£Mt, f ? carried out precipitately it vmUembarrass the trqde.union movement.x , ,. . t

the delegation was^o likely

garding employment, said Mr Dromey, and had oertain ideas regarding housing. •

jwi?, delegation consisted of Tom ftrifcM, chairman of

GJn/kT.C.; Tom Durkin, chair-man ef Brent Trades Council; Jack promey, secretary of Hfent

Mr Peter

^g ' r n iit* •¥•! oerc cai ^M} W t t f i p a . number of years, a daughter of James

2 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT August 1975

i v i i H V i r i o v i i

ROGER CASEMENT T H K nu nif »« Casement is

honoured throughout Ireland. Ht was thi' last martyr of 1916, Alio dit'd on Aim list 3rd. He was

r ra ignrd under tin Treason Act lit 13;U. The prosecutor was the notorious galloper Smith who had been up to the neck in Carson ' s rebellion, and ought to have been h ied lor treason himself under more recent laws. The sentence wis hanging. But in order to side-track the gather ing movement for reprieve, so it is said, the Govern-ment produced a set of diaries, said to be Casement 's, which conta ined obscene mater ia l purpor t ing to be Casement 's personal record of gross indecencies commit ted by himself .

Casement was never conf ronted with these diaries. A journal i s t who was shown tliem was re fused permission to question Casement about them. Unti l 1959 the British Government refused to admit their existence. T h e n it placed them in the Public Record Office. But only about five persons have been allowed to see t hem in sixteen years. ! r P H I S seems fishy enough. Bu t

there is more. They r e fuse to allow them to be subjected to chemical and historical examina-tion. Dr. Mackey, the dist inguished Dublin physician, was the only de-lender of Casement ever allowed in. He could scarcely be refused. Bu t the means of examinat ion he was allowed to take in were limited. He expressed the conviction tha t t he re were forgeries detectable with a magnify ing glass, a n d more import-ant still, tha t the unna tu ra l prac-tices described were on occasion physically and physiologically im-possible.

Wha t was here was the f an t a sy of a pornographer . Now the diaries were allegedly found by Basi l Thompson, chief of the Special Branch. His accounts of how they were found vary extraordinari ly. This same Basil Thompson was in 1925 arrested in Hyde Park. He was caugh t red-handed in a n act of indecency with a prosti tute. He tried to explain t h a t he was "col-lecting evidence", '» bu t was fined £5, and his career ended. Whose then were the pornographer ' s fan-tasies, Casement ' s . or Thompson 's? None of Casement 's f r iends eveT suspected anyth ing odd about h i m . A court of l aw. found someth ing very odd- about Sir Basil Thompson a s he now was. jJKI^HEN the controversy flared up

" in the sixties, journal is ts • were unanimous. T h e diaries were JK)t forged nor tampered with.

Nationalist I re land fell into a new defensive position, which has s t rengthened with the increasing permissiveness of our society. W h a t Casement was alleged to have done may be quite legal today. So wha t U he was a bit of a queer? T h a t isn't t aken any notice of these days. Why worry?

But this line of argument does less t h a n justice to Casement. T h e indecencies are said to be of t he grossest kind. This is one of t h e reasons used by the Government for restr ict ing access. Casement was tried for t reason. His alleged indecencies were as illegal as t rea-son. indeed more so, since the law-involved was not half a century old. If the Government had inde-cency aga ins t him why did they not charge h im with it? There can be one simple answer, namely, t h a t they were not going to allow h i m to defend himself.

If it were t rue t h a t Casement had been guilty of disgusting practices, and the Government used that to make sure he was hanged for trea-son, then t h a t was scandalous. B u t if he was NOT guilty, then it was monstrous!

It has been r ightly said tha t a Government which was forging German atrocities every day — babies' corpses boiled down to make gun-grease; nuns with their breasts cut off — tha t h a d made use of the notorious Pigot t forgeries in the t ime of Parnel l , should n o t have fel t upset if it was believed capable of forging a few diary entries to get an awkward custo-mer out of the way. Yet for some reason it ha s been fel t that if Case-ment were vindicated, then the entire credibility of Britain, he r Government and Civil Service, had been destroyed for all time. ' 'INHERE is something special

about the Casement affair. Casement 's remains, or what were alleged to be his remains , were re-turned to I re land in March 1965. They were interred a t Glasnevin, it-was said under six inches of steel over, which were poured fourteen tons of concrete. Even a ghost couldn't get th rough tha t . And yet t h e ghost of Roger Casement did. T h e Bri t ish Government had stipu-lated t h a t the remains must on no account go nor th of the border, and particularly not to Murlough. The British also st ipulated that the Government of the Republic should discourage . efforts- to have the diaries expertly examined.

And they d id . . . Two days a f t e r the funera l the President , Mr De Valera, telephoned Dr. Mackey,

chairman of the Casement Re-patr iat ion Committee, and asked him to lunch at Aras an Uach ta ran . Alter the lunch the President called Dr. Mackey aside and advised h i m to stop probing the diaries.

Dr. Mackey h a d spent th i r ty years on his work. He was abou t to publish a book ("The t ru th abou t the Casement Diaries" which came out in 1966) in which he gave h is final conclusion t h a t these were forgeries.

Prom tha t t ime Dr. Mackey was not quite so nice to know, and some of his f r iends believe t ha t disap-pointment helped to bring on h is last illness and his early death a t the age of 66.

U O we must ask ourselves, w h a t is it t ha t makes the powers

tha t be so de te rmined tha t th i s mystery shall not be probed? W h y are they so determined to dis-courage enquiry t h a t would sett le mat ters once and for all? Is it possible tha t we are all under-estimating Casement ' s importance and the part" he played on t h e s tage of history? Let us look f u r t h e r into it.

Casement was born a t Sandy-cove in 1864. His mother ' s family were big Liverpool merchan t s and shipowners. He en te red the office of the Elder Dempster Line at t h e age of >18. At the age of twenty-he asked to be pe rmi t t ed to go to Africa, and travelled as purser on one of the Company's ships.

The part i t ion of Afr ica had been proceeding during the past few years, and was now completed but for the Congo basin. I t was t h e morning of imperialism. The mis-sionaries and explorers went first. Then came idealistic young m e n who belifeved the c lap t rap about civilising the natives. Stanley was one of these, and Stanley was joined by Casement . They were working for Leopold of the Bel-gians. When they h a d opened t h e country up, or a t l eas t shown-what there was in it, Leopold gently dis-missed them, and t h e profi t -makers moved in.

VTOWjifpr the . nex t twenty years Casement was engaged in one

or another kind of colonial de-velopment o r investigation. He had come to know as much as any man alive about t h e grab fo r Africa. There was r ivalry between the Bri t ish and t h e Belgians who were t rying to carve out the i r Empire in the Congo. T h e Brit ish Government were qui te willing to employ h im to' invest igate t h e

THE MAN THEY HAD TO KILL

BY FEICREANACH

Arabs now 'in' Dublin society , r P H E I r i sh Arab Society was

founded six years ago to pro-mote good relat ions between I re-land and the Arab countries, t o ex-•pose Zionist p ropaganda in t h e Republic and to make sure tha t t h e plight of Pales t inian Arabs, exiled f rom the i r homeland," was not fo r -gotten in a country which h a s known its share of oppression a n d exile.

Two Dubliners, Bean Ryan a n d John Tozer, >were t h e people be-hind the Society and they were assisted over the years by an inde-fatigable Arab domiciled in I re-land, Mr Atif Matouk.

The Society was ' small a n d ra ther obscure for i ts first few years, bu t t h e huge increase in im-portance of the Arab world since the 1973 oil crisis ha s c h a n g e d ' a l l tha t . Now when t h e Society holds a reception or when diplomats or politicians come to Dublin f rom t h e Arab countries — even f rom coun-tries such as the United Arab Emirates on the Pers ian Gulf , which did not even formally exist as a S ta te four years ago — the en-thusiasm and interest shown by local businessmen and government •people is a s ton i sh ing ' and amusing. Government Ministers are delighted

to get invi tat ions to cocktail par-ties given by the Arabs, While they are quite blas6 a t invitations to t h e traditional established embassies. l ^ H E I r i sh Arab Society is now

producing a well-written quar-terly newsletter, Ir ish-Arab News, under the editorship of Mr M&touk. The first issue ha s good-will mes-sages f rom the Irish Foreign Minis-ter and articles on I r i sh manufac-turing and agr icul tura l trade with t h e Arab countries, together with recipes for kous-kous and stuffed cabbage, an article on Zionists by > Ethel Mannin , some poetical ex-cerpts f r om the Holy Koran and an article on the Libyan Revolu-tion by Mr Jim McGuinness and on the p rogress of modern Algeria by former "Ir ish Democrat" cor-respondent, Dr. J o h n de Courcy Ireland.

As Mr Matouk says in his first editorial, in modern t imes a dis-torted and' derogatory v iew of Arabs and the Arab • world h a s been im-pressed on European opinion. In par t th is Was a throw-back to'.the so- ta i l ed enmi ty of Christendom and Islam. I t was reinforced by the degradat ion of the Arab Nation which occurred during the decline of t he O t toman Empire

and by the vast « a p in indss t r ia l technology and economic : Organisa-t ion which stfiMenly opened °<li> be-tween Europe a n d t h e Arab. World dur ing the "nineteenth century.

i r p H E colonialist role which t h e European powers played in

t h e Middle-East dur ing the present century contributed t o t h e false as-sumption t h a t the> A r a b world was doomed permanent ly by its in-herent defects to lag behind Europe.

I t has also suited Zionist, propa-g a n d a to present t o "Western opinion an unfavourab le image of the Arabs as lazy, backward, ignor-a n t and violent people. Unfor-tuna te ly this pers i s ten t -defamat ion has taken root- M l ' t o o readily in the Western imind.

However, th ings a re chang ing for the better, in this as in so many-other political, spheres in the world today. Irish people are much more aware of t he "Arao dimen-sion" in 1 International politics, while the Ambs —"Who. have ' long admired IWktad'r* ancient s traggle fo r in dependence against Britain — a re becoming interested in making t r ade and • economic l inks with the I re land of today.

atrocities the Belgians were com-mitting in t h a t terri tory. They did not send h im to investigate t h e Boer War, or w h a t they were doing themselves in Ind ia .

And a t t he end of twenty years restless existence, travelling t h r o u g h the tropics, h e h a d lost his hea l th , and went back to Ant r im to recupe-rate. He h a d become disillusioned, not yet with t h e British Govern-ment, but wi th imperialism. As has been poin ted out by his bio-graphers he began to reflect on Irish History.

So seriously did the Belgians take his r epor t t h a t they pa id journalists t h r o u g h o u t the world to write art icles and pamphle ts fo r the purpose of discredit ing him. He was back in t h e polemics by 1905. His integrity was arra igned in t h e United States .

And he f o u n d t h a t the Bri t ish Government would not back h i m up.

Why not? They were not in t h e slightest in te res ted in prevent ing the atrocities in the Congo. They were prepar ing for the war with Germany. They were patching u p the alliance wi th France a n d Russia. Belgium was supposed to be a neutral . Bu t the game of power politics was in full swing, and the suf fer ings of the nat ives of the Congo were p a r t of it. So Casement was offered this job and t h a t but never given any • sat isfac-tion tha t t he work he had set his mind on, t h e amel iorat ion of colonial condit ions, would qome to anything.

T N 1909 he was appointed Br i t i sh ' Consul-General in Rio -:de

Janeiro. News short ly - e sme tiurafeh of atrocities on the fipper Arrwaon on-Peruvian terrM||^.' i j n the Congo .it w a s rubber, ^tt vawas rubber- i fga in- inthe Putumayo. I t is " doubtful whether any invention of naan^has a^-hbxjdier history than thcmoto iweh ic l e . There was Wood on the rubber then, and there is bk»d on t h e oil "now. Bu t tet us allow it was n o t t h e technology but t h e imperialist basis it rested on t h a t was the evil. T h e method of securing rubber was gathering, n o t -the'plantation system or the syn-thet ic system which ultimately re-placed it. If t h e nat ives did no t ga ther enough they were liable to be burned alive.

In July 1910 C a s e m e n t was sent to investigate t h e P u t u m a y o atroci-ties and once more risked his hea l th in the in te res t s of humani ty . This ttme it was n o t ' Belgian im-perialism bu t ^American, another r ival o f - E n f l a n d ' s , t h a t he was up against , and w h e n he sent in his repor t the S t a t e Depa r tmen t urged the British G o v e r n m e n t to suppress i t In view of t he i r special relations wi th Peru. S o u t h America was in effect the I n d i a of the United States, but governed wi th a little more show of sophistication through local agencies, perhaps one of the fir^t examples of neo-colonialism.

I t was for t h i s work t h a t Case-m e n t received ^h i s ' kn igh thood . The repor t was publ ished in 1012, and n e x t year, broken in hea l th a f t e r twenty-nine years ' colonial service, in terrupted only by a brief spell in I re land, Casement re t i red. He re-tu rned to his own .country.

And what did h e see? He saw H o m e Rule promised, and the Unionis t die-hards de fy ing the deci-sion of Pa r l i amen t . He saw Covenants s igned in wha t pur-po t ted to be t h e s ignator ies ' own blood. Threa ts to r u n in guns f r o m Germany t o overthrow the elected Government . "Cabinet minis ters will be lynched on lamp-posts." "I do no t care a snap if it is treason" said Carson . F. E.

Smith who prosecuted Casement, was in the thick of it. J T was under these conditions

tha t Casement became the I r i sh separatist . His sympathies had always been wi th Ireland. But like Erskine Childers he had been, as f a r as one can tell, bounded by the outlook of Home Rule. Now the Unionists showed the i r utter law-lessness, and they converted Case-men t as they converted thousands of others. I t was the grim at-tempt a t counter-revolution in the North east t h a t set t h e scene.

Now skip the t h r e e years. Case-men t who had in all disinterested-ness striven to pro tec t the down-trodden in the l ands of England'., rivals, had dared to at tempt the protection of his own people, and had turned to Eng land ' s principal rival Germany for aid. What Eng-land had sent h i m to do for hei own aggrandisement , had he but realised fully t h e cynicism and hypocrisy of those who employed him, he was now doing not for Germany, but in collusion with Germany, Germany t h a t cared no more for Ireland's aspirat ions than England d id for t h e Putumayo.

I n the mean t ime Belgium was England 's ally. T h e United States h a d entered the w a r on England's side. When Casemen t first went to t h e Congo the Elder Dempster Company had the monopoly of the Congo rubber t r ade , and was anxious t h a t Belg ian operations should not h inder good business Now the former r ivals were hand in.-glove.

IY had got Casement now. The vUltures of high diplo-

m a c y a n d big business who; could only flap ^ e i r v s r t ^ -before swere

.g&tteriBg in eatpectatkm of t h e kill. WOW, .-used

. s f t e r ' t b e •wftBct.- ' toey'vwere pro-doced-'dnring tfae -trial. ikogteh not tofOaaawent. -':mtey*mer<!e&*wn to Serjeant Sullivan -whoTejeoted the

^defence that n o a g h t h a v e *been founded on them, ''guilty but in-sane."

If Casement could be proved in-sane what did t h a t m e a n for t h e rubber companies? I t mean t t h a t al l those allegations of a bloody t r ade could' be swept i n t o pas t as a madman 's d reams . Wha t did it m e a n for the imper ia l looters of Belgium and the robbers of Wall Stree t? I t meant they were off the hook. The m a n who h a d con-demned them in pages of carefully weighed assembled evidence was now languishing in a lunatic asy-lum where he could n o t be ex-pected to live more t h a n a short spell, while the poison pens re-sumed their operat ions.

T h e plea of "guilty but insane" was not accepted. P e r h a p s reliance was placed on reprieve. But then t h e allegations t h a t were intended to compel a confession of insanity were turned to the purpose of pre-vent ing the reprieve.

P. E. Smith said t h e following year in Boston t h a t t h e execution of Casement gave h i m more satis-fac t ion than any comparable event in his life. T h e m a n who had screamed treason a few shor t years before!

Casement was -as we have said t h e last Irish mar ty r of 1916. But he was a mar tyr in a greater anii p rofounder sense a l together . He was one of the first a n d greatest m a r t y r s in the s t ruggle against colonialism, and one hopes tha t the f r ee people of wha t was the Bel-g ian Congo, and Angola, considei i t appropriate to remember him somet imes as they t ry t o repair the ravages of the colonial system which will remain f o r al l t ime the foulest blot on the his tory of the peoples of Western Europe and the Uni ted States of America.

August 1975 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT 3

P O I J T K A L I O I C I M

THE ULSTERIZATION' OF ULSTER THE slogan "immediate with-

drawal of British troops from Northern Ireland" is a delusion and a snare.

I a c c u s e those who flaunt it of muddle-headedly accepting the partition of Ireland, and get-imp themselves entrapped into an anti-Irish stance while be-lieving themselves resisting im-perialism.

Of course, the withdrawal of British forces is an essential ingredient of the liberation of Ireland, but it cannot be isolated from the rest.

Two o b v i o u s questions need lo be answered. First, is it pro-posed to withdraw ALL British troops ? Second, who is to rule the six counties after the opera-tion is complete ?

There are three rough cate-gories of British troops in the six counties. There is the perma-nent garrison which expresses England's claim to sovereignty in the disputed territory, a claim denied in the very constitution of the Republic. There are the extra forces sent in 1969 to "support the civil povVer". And then there is the Ulstej Defence Regiment, almost wholly Pro-testant and strongly Unionist in sympathy, which every effort is being made to build up and equip, and which, because it is composed of local people, CAN-NOT BE W I T H D R A W N FROM NORTHERN IRELAND, though of course it could be disbanded.

This last category, together with the private armies of Unionist extremists, our i\ith-drawers do not s a y much about. But Tories have made definite proposals that the conflict should be "Ulsterised", and that her Majesty's soldiers in the U.D.R., to say nothing of her Majesty's loyal supporters in the para - military organisations, should provide the civil power with all the support it needs. This is in essence a return, to the old Stormont s y s t e m , w i t h the U.D.R. and para-military forces substituting for the 'B'-men.

The ultra-lefts of the Troops

DUBLIN EXHIBITION (Continued from Page One)

opened an extension.which doubles the floor-space of the Library; yet there is room to show only five per cent of t he total collection a t any one time. I t is an as tonish ing sight, a treasure-store of colour and beauty set behind the leafy suburban gardens of- Ballsbridge.

In value the Beatty Collection, is estimated to be worth over £20 million. I t was accumulated by Sir Alfred Beatty, a South Afr ican mining millionaire, who lef t i t to the Irish people on his dea th . He used to live in Egypt for six m o n t h s of every year and employed t h e great scholars of the day to assess • he worth of the materials b rough t to him to buy, only purchasing the best. The collection mostly con-sists of Oriental exhibits, but also includes pre-Christian and early Christian manuscripts arid paint -ings f rom the West.

For example, there are 250 com-plete manuscr ipts of the Koran from Persia, Arabia, Turkey and even West Africa. One floor in the new extension is devoted entirely to •he works of China and Japan . Up-'•airs Persian, Turkish, Indian , 'Siamese, Burmese, Nepalese nnd ' i be tan exhibits are on display.

The library is open f rom Monday Friday. It is easy to get to

"•om the centre of Dublin and is well worth visiting next t ime vou

v e a f e w hours to spend in the r»pita] city.

Out Movement are providing a smokescreen for a return to un-restricted Unionist ascendancy, following the old old rule that the extreme left facilitates the extreme right.

The late Richard Crossman, who invented the proposal, did not trouble to conceal its im-perialist, coercive character. He wanted to tell the Irish, cooped up in that absurd economically non-viable state, imprisoned with their history in antagonis-tic ghettoes, that if by a certain date they could not "agree" then they would be left to fight it out.

England created the state. England made the laws. Every circumstance and c o n d i t i o n w a s tagged "Made in London". And the Irish could batter hell out of each other to the rules of an English game. Where would the conflict end? In intervention from the Republic ? In volunteer armies from Scotland, the U.S.A. and Canada ? I doubt if Cross-man bothered even to speculate. Nobody would be hurt in Hyde Park.

Because the purpose of the threat was to force the Irish to agree on English terms. In effect it told the nationalists, republi-cans and civil rights activists who were being harassed to death by the regular army, that if they didn't moderate their de-mands, they'd get a new set of harassers, who would harass them beyond death, and see them in hell into the bargain.

How can this be represented as national liberation ?

There is talk of an "indepen-dent Ulster". Those who talk of it presumbably do not know that Ulster has nine counties and the

phrase is, if literally interpreted, a demand for cession of fresh territory by the Republic. The "Sunday Times" of June 22nd toys with the same idea.

"Independent Ulster" is but thieves' argot for "British Uls-ter".

The sovereignty remains the Queen of England's. The ulti-mate power remains at West-minster. The system implanted by innumerable enactments and administrative decisions over the years is left intact. The distri-bution of wealth, including the possession of the commanding heights by British and interna-tional firms, is unaffected. "In-dependence" resides only in the fact that their fellow members of the majority of the Irish people can give the nationalists no succour from the Republic. And the progressive movement in Britain is similarly debarred.

For years the Stormont regime happily preserved British law and order in return for an ultimate guarantee of class privilege. And for many years we went lobbying and pro-testing. Ralph Millner and I went to see D. N. Pritt twenty years ago and he told us how to get round the official pretence that Westminster had no power to intervene. Some people would like to have that claim resur-rected. Then you could lobby deaf ears.

Suppose now there was a genuine desire to give up the outrageous claim to sovereignty in Irish soil, what would the British Government have to do ? First they would have to express that desire. It has never been expressed, not once. Even as a fairy pipe-dream.

W H E N our friends of the left were calling for direct British rule of the six counties, the IRISH DEMOCRAT warned them that without a change of the laws a change of administra-tion does little good. Now people want to shift the thing back into the first hand. But still the Irish will not get the laws they want. We say choice of Government in Ireland should belong to the Irish people.

Second, they would have to open discussions with the elec-ted representatives of the Irish people, the Dublin Government, and see what they had to say. Some people object that the Dublin Government is a lousy one. But it is what the Irish have electei

There could then be agreed the scope and timing of the British withdrawal, whether im-mediate or at a future time, whether slow or fast, with or without whatever further dis-cussions, and with what parties. An immediate withdrawal might be thought unlikely, but the de-cision must be an IRISH one. Ireland belongs to the Irish not to her Majesty's Government.

But we can leave that subject. The British Government'have not even expressed the desire to have a permanent democratic settlement.

Pending the necessary educa-tion of British public opinion that will compel a more en-lightened policy, what should be done ?

Instead of cooking up plans for a new form of puppet state, British democrats should be doing everything within their

power to strengthen and give encouragement to the actually existing progressive forces in Northern Ireland. This means pressing the demands that they are making.

These include an end to the harassment of the opponents of the Unionists, whether by troops or anybody else; the troops should be withdrawn from secu-rity duties and progressively brought home; all legislation of an oppressive and emergency character should be repealed-the rights of all citizens should be protected through a Bill o f . Rights ; economic aids should be given so as to reduce unemploy-ment and encourage the pro-cess of reconciliation between the estranged communities•. As a first step all internees should be let out.

Nobody c a n s e t o u t a n a d -v a n c e programme, or draw a blueprint. But to allow the principle that the majority of the Irish people are those most likely to know what's good for them, is the beginning of wis-dom. Let the light of civil liberty on the darkened, province, and before long we shall see how to solve the longer-term problems.

A UGUST in many par t s of 1 Scotland is fas t becoming a

yearly hurly-burly. I t is the peak period when the population h a s swollen to several times Its no rma l sizes due togthe "success" of one of our. ma jo r growth "industries", — namely tourism. Unlike o ther spheres" of capital ist commodity production the tourist "industry" is based not on h u m a n needs but on the commercialisation of leisure time< Like any capitalist "in-dustry" however, it must have a saleable "product", £lnd since the Labour Government ' s Development of Tourism Act, 1969 — Scotland itself has become the "product" a t large. £310 million worth was sold last year to the millions of gad-ding tourists.

Why do they come and what are the effects of the i r coming? West-minster 's interest in tourism was merely to increase foreign ex-change revenue f rom overseas tourists and to encourage more home holidays — hence its 1969 Tourism Act which set up statutory Touris t Boards for Scot-land, England a n d Wales.

The- Scottish Touris t Board lunc-.tions throughout Scotland, even i n industrial Clydeside. One of its major activities was administering an Hotel' Development Incentive Scheme. The Board approved hun-dreds of projects with millions of pounds paid out in grants. Now there are over 10,000 hotels and guest houses employing more t h a n 60,000 people. VI A SSI VE sales publicity, laun-

ched in winter, draws the en-quiries from potent ial tourists be-guiled by the brochures' scenic views and romanticism. All t he sophisticated ad.-man techniques

are utilised. Recently the Board changed its Chief Executive — t h e new boss is a former Proctor a n d Gamble market ing man; the ex-perienced seller of P. & G. soap it seems will have the right t a r t a n -wrapped soft-soap approach re-quired to "sell" Scotland.

If a person had not visited cer-tain tourist - f requented areas of Scotland during the last 6 years or so he could be excused for th ink-ing tha t tourism has dotie a good job. Many houses appear br ighter , roads improved and many local people run cars. The underlying effects tell a different story. Many tourists, discovering a cheap mar -ket, turned carpet - bagger a n d bought up properties. A disas ter for house prices. Local people can no longer afford to buy a house or to build one even if they could procure the necessary building land. Many have had to-move to the towns, adding to the housing shortage. Farming has been badly hit with grasping lairds choosing to shut down their farms, clear t h e fa rm workers f rom their cot tages and then convert the cottages in to rented holiday homes which s t and empty during t h e non-season months.

The seasonal holiday home is of course not a new phenomenon. Queen Victoria, seduced by Sir Walter Scott 's romanticised inter-pretat ion of life in Scotland and particularly the Highlands, pa id her first visit to Scotland in August 1842. She was fascinated — "The country and people have quite a different character f rom England and the English." Her G e r m a n husband Prince Albert soon ac-quired a "pretty little castle" for her — the 11,000 acre Balmoral

Estate in Aberdeenshire for t h e trifling sum of £31,000. Balmora l Castle remains t h e Royals' hol iday home to th is day. Victoria's r ap -turous descr ipt ions of her "pa ra -dise" and h e r "beloved High-landers" s ta r ted a vogue among t h e top people. I t became fashionable to have a s u m m e r place in t h e Highlands — hence the hun t in ' , shootin'-, flshin' brigade and t h e ubiquitous big house and lodge a t the head of every glen.

T H I S early f o r m of tourism of t h e high and t h e mighty was

detrimental to t h e Highlands a n d should have been a n object lesson in things to avoid. Instead, t h e Tourist Chiefs a re exploiting t h e idea. There a re those, some call-ing themselves Socialists, who see . tourism as a n economic base fo r the Highlands a n d seek to develop it as an all-year-round business. The Highlands a n d Islands De-velopment Board has encouraged this since the Board ' s inception t en years ago; indeed tourism is t h e main "successful ' ' aspect of i ts activity.

However, tour ism is a quasi-industry; t insel in place of real de-velopment; a g immick to fool t h e politically gullible.

An interes t ing side effect of Queen Victoria's touring con-cerned -her discovery that t he people spoke not English but Gae-lic. She was in teres ted enough to intimate to one of he r Government Ministers he r "hope tha t Gaelic will be t augh t in fu ture in . t h e Highland schools as well as Eng-lish . . . " Also "The Queen th inks equally t h a t Welsh should be taught in Wale£ as well as Eng-lish ." When the re was no ac t ion she apparent ly repeated h e r

BY R . M U L H O L L A N D

"hope". This was 23" years before the 1872 Act fo r a n a t i o n a l sys tem of public e lementa ry schools making education compulsory in Scotland between t h e ages of five and thir teen. T h a t Act fai led to give recognition to Gael ic" a n d made no mention of i t a t a l l ; - j u s t as had happened wi th t b s 1831 Board of National Educa t ion in Ireland.

Prom 1872 to 1975 is a long t ime to neglect a language; no t only to neglect but to actively work fo r i ts demise. T h a t Gaelic survives a t all as a spoken l anguage is as ton-ishing. On 9th July, 1975 the "Scottish" Educat ion Depar tmen t announced a scheme which will affect 20 of the 56 p r imary schools in the Western Isles a n d Which will fallow" children f r o m Gaelic-speaking homes to use Gaelic in t h e class-room. After, m o r e t h a n f o u r generations active suppression of the language the S.E.D. produces this utterly pal try a m e n d . Why no t all pr imary schools in the High-land Region and elsewhere in Scotland? Because a s Hugh Mac Diarmid, the Scott ish poet whoge 83rd bir thday is on 11th August, points out in his au to juography — if Scotland is to res tore her na t ive culture "a Scott ish Scot land m u s t be a Gaelic Scotland." I t would have helped if Victoria 's "hopes" had not been blocked I

Tourism has been described as an extreme " form of pollution." I t inhibits the use of Gael ic and is certainly no subst i tu te fo r a s table development policy embrac ing all aspects of Scot t i sh ' life. Such a policy has yet to be produced!

4 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT August 1975

T H E V r i - S I X C O U N T I E S

CRISIS POLITICIANS ARE NOW BEGINNING TO SEE THEY CUT THEIR OWN THROATS JOINING E EC.

SOCIALIST GIVES ANSWER Irish socialist's answer 'o

the economic crisis w a s given in his final address as president .tthe Irish Congress of Trade Unions by Mr Andy Barr at the recent annual conference of the C ingress in Cork.

Selective tariffs and q u o t a s c o u l d reduce unemployment in Ireland immediately, said Andy Barr, and they should be accom-[Kinied by a completely new tax structure which would change the burden from working people and small businessmen to the wealthy.

He reminded the 400 delegates in Cork City Hall that the weal-thiest half per cent of the popu-lation owned 24 per cent of nil the personal wealth in the coun-try, while the wealthiest 5 per cent owned 63 per cent. The Irish Government should look for additional finance among the wealthy to reduce the cost of living and there should be plans for fob expansion by state con-trol of the banks and financial institutions. There should he controls on the exports of Irish capital and the country's enor-mous external assets should be repatriated for productive in-vestment at home, such as state manufacturing and i n d u s t r i e s based on our mineral, oil and gas deposits.

He set the Irish scene against the background of the capitalist world crisis, where between 20 and 40 per cent of industrial productive potential was perma-nently unused, while 50 per cent of accumulated capital was ex-ported or used for non-produc-tive ends. In the capitalist world about 500 million workers had been forced to strike in defence of their rights between 1960 and 1972, while over 100 million were wholly unemployed.

The multinational companies, which were largely responsible for the crisis of world capital-ism, continued to extend their grip on Ireland. In Northern Ireland some 60 per cent of the labour force was employed by multinational firms which had their origin outside Ireland. Of the larger companies in the North, Britain controlled 45 per cent, other EEC countries 10 per cent and only 22 per cent were under Northern Ireland control. By 1985 a mere 200 multi national companies were expec-ted to control 90 per cent of production in the U.S.A. and 50 international monopolies con-trolled 75 per cent of British exports.

In Northern Ireland more and more local industry lost its tm-

AT NO CRUISE TO INDIA

J J AYING made such a poor contribution to solving

Ireland's problems. Dr. Conor Cruise O'Brien is now making a sally into solving the prob-lems of India. Not at the . re-quest of the Indian Govern-ment. one must hastily add, but as a member of an investi-gatory delegation being organ-ised by that rather fly-blown o r g a n i s a t i o n , t h e S o c i a l i s t I n t e r -n a t i o n a l .

Th i s body, which is strongly undef the influence of the social democrat ic Ge rman and British Governments , is anxious to query the "democratic" credent ials of Mrs Indira Gandh i a f t e r her re-cent crackdown on the right-ring Hindu religious f ana t i c s in India and her accompanying economic re forms which are s trongly sup-ported by the Indian Lef t .

Dr. O'Brien has no doubt that he is an authori ty on democracy, a l though he is loath to speak up for the democratic r ights of the Nor thern Catholic minori ty — who ire denied their r ights as par t of

the major i ty of the I r ish nation. He is also delighted to play a par t on any stage where t h e focus of the political limelight will be on himself.

Hence the proposed expedition to India. Hence his fo ray into Nigeria some years ago. T h e Irish telephone and postal service, for looking a f t e r which he draws his Ministerial salary, will doubtless survive until the Minister is back f r o m Asia.

' T H E Socialist In te rna t iona l had its recent Executive meeting

in Dun Laoghaire. T h i s was the first t ime it had ever m e t in Ire-land. Doyens of the I r i sh Labour Pa r ty Establishment fluttered ex-citedly around while the well-heeled "socialists" admired the view of Dublin Bay. They found time, however, to consider how they migh t hold back the es tab l i shment of socialism in Portugal by put-t ing pressure on the Armed Forces Movement in that country to pre-vent its moving further to t h e Left . This continues the pa t t e rn of inter-ference f rom abroad in t h e inter-nal a f fa i rs of Portugal which the Americans, the E.E.C. a n d coun-tries like Britain, Prance a n d Ger-many in part icular have been pur-suing in order to protect t h e i r eco-nomic interes ts in t ha t coun t ry and keep Por tugal securely within N A T O . The Socialist Inter-na t ional ha s its part to play in this and the I r ish Labour Pa r ty , with Dr. O'Brien, dutifully does what is expected of it.

Doubtless tne same g a m e is contempla ted for India, for the powers- that-be in the big capi ta l is t countr ies intensely dislike Mrs Gandh i ' s moves against t h e Ind ian political r ight .

ft tr it p O S T S C R I P T : The I n d i a n Gov-• e r n m e n t has decided t h a t it does no t Intend to allow a n y inter-ference f rom the "Socialist" In ter -na t ional and cannot give a n y wel-come to a delegation. Dr. O'Brien, still in Dublin, declares himself "saddened". Now he can give some extra t ime looking af ter t h e postal service and propagandis ing in favour of rebroadcastlng t h e B.B.C.

petus and in spite of the de-mands of the trade u n i o n s for public ownership of industry the Government was placing more reliance on the setting up of subsidiaries of multinational groups, whose interest was pro-fit on their world-wide opera-tions, not the development of the local six-county economy. Profits from the multinational firms were, in the main, sent out of the area.

In the Republic the picture was much the same. There were 503 branches of multinational firms and they employed 76 per cent of the labour force on new projects. Even more serious w a s the grip that the foreign" mono-polies were obtaining on natural resources such as zinc, lead, copper, oil and gas. A halt should be called, he said, to the handing over of resources to multinational companies like Tara Mines and Marathon Oil.

"There is scarcely any limit to the potential yield from our mineral resources," said Mr Barr. "We could borrow on the strength of these resources to finance our development. Sixty million pounds annually from zinc alone could finance the creation of thousands of new jobs each year. If you add to this lead and copper and the many by-products, the potential for social and economic develop-ment is enbrmouSi*'

Jt* '

If natural gas and oil were found in commercial quantities there was every prospect of Ire-land being\ a reasonably pros-perous coiihtry, providing her people with a full life, free from unemployment, poverty and des-titution. But Ireland and her people must assert control over her own destiny if this prospect is even to be brought nearer to fulfilment.

\ A / ' T H the economic situation so gloomy, Irish politi-

cians are at last laying some of the blame on the E.E.C., which was for so long regarded by them as a kind of political Golden Calf, criticised only by Republicans and "subver-sives". ,

N o w the Head of the Irish Government, Taoiseach Liam Gosgrave, has had glumly to admit the truth. At the recent E.E.C. Council meeting in Brus-sels he said that w i th 12 per cent unemployment Ireland was one of the hardest hit member States of the Common Market .

The Irish Government's task in reducing inflation, said M r Cosgrave, was "made more diffi-cult by the surrender to the Community , in the interests of common policies and rules, of powers to implement appro-priate measures.

"The blunt fact is that the reduced capacity of individual Governments to protect their people's jobs and l iving stan-dards — has not been counter-balanced by a growing capacity on the part of the Community to make good this deficiency."

, Another criticism of the E.E.C. from a previous pro-Cojttmon Market source was made by Mr Harold O'Sultivan, general sec-retary of the Loeal Govern-ment Workers' Union, at the recent trade union congress in Cork. Mr O'Suliivan Had been one of the most strongly pro-E.E.C. of: the Irish trade Mhion leaders when the question of Irish membership of ttieC Com-munity was being discussed three years ago. He bitterly attacked the Common Market Commiss'oners who "travelled about Europe like medieval barons, m a k i n g statements which were virtual dictates for member States, Mr O'Sullivan said that bis union had voted for entty to the E.E.C. but it had recognised that many of the institutions were undemo-

cratic. He had found that the E.E.C. was "a great mindless bureaucracy." There was a tendency to rule Europe by "summitry using the gimmickry of the media", making it appear that decisions were taken in the open, whereas they were taken behind closed doors.

wHAT inspires these criti-cisms from former pro-

E.E.C. propagandists is the des-perate unemployment situation back home. In the Dail the other day it was announced that 484 firms have gone into voluntary liquidation over the past two years. These included 130 manufacturing firms which have closed.

The experts and pundits have been hoping that there would be a major upturn in the capitalist world economy later this year or early *in 1976 and that this would be just about starting to get going now. In fact the "upturn" is extremely slow in coming. Even in America, which should lead the way t the prospects for next year are anything but bright.

Of course the newspapers and the politicians never , speak of the crisis in the capitalist world. They talk of the crisis in "the industrial countries" or "the developed countries". In this way they gloss over and try to hide the fact that there is no economic crisis in th& huge areas of the world where there are socialist governments. Coun-tries like East Germany. Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union are eertaiqly/part'of tlte "industrialised world", but they have no unemployment and no rocketing inflation.

The powers-that-be of course, in Ireland as elsewhere in the E.E.C., want to do as little as possible to draw attention te this fact, in case it might en-courage their populations to ask why they too could not have the advantages of socialism, and an end to the continuing crisis and instability.

UNIONS CONDEMN R.T.E. SELL-OUT I ' P H E plan to rebroadcas t the BBC

' throughout I r e l and was given a very effective t rouncing a t a re-cent' symposium on t h e subject organised by the I r ish Transpor t and General Workers ' Union In Dublin. All t he t rade unions con-nected with the broadcast ing and en te r ta inment industry were repre-sented, f rom Ir ish Actors Equity to the Irish Film Workers ' Associa-tion, and all condemned the BBC plan and called for a second Irish S ta te channel.

Other organisations, such as the National Association of Tenants ' Organisat ions, were also represen-ted and they added the i r voices to those of the t r ade unions. Radio Telefls Eireann itself was well to the fore, with both managemen t and workers there, for both are very hostile to the suggest ion tha t such a valuable nat ional resource as a second TV channel should be handed over e ra t i s to t h e BBC.

T h e workers in R T E are con-cerned tha t rebroadcast ing BBC 1 would lead to a loss of jobs at all levels in RTE. There would be no increase in jobs if the second chan-nel were not Irish, and R T E would suffer increasing losses of adver-

t is ing income and jobs through having to compete with the BBC. Jobs also would be lost th roughout I r ish indus t ry generally as non-I r i sh goods were advertised t h r o u g h o u t the whole of I re land on the BBC, This would hard ly help those u rg ing people to Buy Irish.

I T Is a n accident or geograpny ' t h a t t h e eastern coast of Ire-

land is wi th in the range of BBC signals coming from Br i t a in and hence is a multi-channel area for television reception. I t is jus t as much an accident of geography as t h a t t he southern and western coasts get the benefit of t he Gulf S t ream. Yet some people in the la t ter a r e a s seem to th ink It is a del iberate plot by the Dubliners t h a t they have to make do with only one channel on the i r tele-vision sets. Anti-Irish elements like the so-called Language Free-dom Movement are t ry ing to ex-ploit t he widespread anti-Dublin feeling th roughou t the provinces — which is due to natural r e sen tmen t a t cen t ra l i sa t ion of so m a n y th ings in the cap i t a l — in order to build up a head of steam behind t h e de-mand t h a t the second television channel should take the BBO

ra the r t h a n be used to p u t out RTE 2. Dr. O'Brien is doing all he can to develop this feel ing and encourage t h e BBC 1 lobby, under the spurious heading of gra t i fy ing consumer choice. His m a i n aim, of course, is not to sat isfy "con-sumer choice" a t all but to fu r the r advance the anglicisa^ion and national demoral isat ion of t h e Irish people. The opposition of the t rade unions involved is a major obstacle in his pa th however, and the unions marshal led the i r argu-ments well a t the I.T.G.W.U seminar.

REMARKABLE contribution was made by Dr. Varis of the

Finnish Telecommunicat ions Insti-tute, who savagely criticised the one-way traffic in television pro-grammes in the capitalist world The vast major i ty of programmes made are produced by Anglo-American television. These are sold to na t iona l television networks throughout the world under the slogan of " f ree movement of com-munications." But in fac t th is be-comes a form of cultural imperial-ism which is now universally recog-nised as such, condemned by such

' 1 ' * •• • (CyitiiHMd tm Pag* Ftv*>

A

August 1975 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT 5

S I X C O r N T Y N C E N E

ARE BRASSHATS OUT TO WRECK

THE TRUCE? (Continued from Page One)

nit suit t h e C a t h o l i c p o p u l a t i o n A n d e i s o n s t o w n a n d t h e F a l l s ,

v. ho a r e a r d e n t l y h o p i n g t h a t the peace , f r a g i l e as it is, w i l l cont inue . It w o u l d n o t s u i t t h e P r o v i s i o n a l s a t t h i s t i m e , f o r they a r e a n x i o u s t o ge t t h e i r r e -ma in ing m e n o u t of i n t e r n m e n t and a r e w a i t i n g to s ee w h a t results , if a n y , w i l l c o m e f r o m the N o r t h e r n C o n v e n t i o n . N o r would it s u i t t h e m o r e p e r c e p -tive L o y a l i s t po l i t i c i ans , w h o must see t h e d a n g e r s of a n e n o r -mous e s c a l a t i o n of v i o l e n c e fo l -lowing t h e b r e a k d o w n of t h e ceasefire . A t r u c e w h i c h w a s so hard to b r i n g a b o u t cou ld n o t b e r e n e w e d e x c e p t w i t h t e n t i m e s the e f f o r t f o l l o w i n g s u c h a b r e a k d o w n .

BUT the Bri t ish Army brassha t s are in a position to bring the

ceasefire to an end if they choose. And it looks very much as if t h a t is what they are up to a t the moment.

What else can explain the extra-ordinary decision to put the Scots G'.''»"'.!" patrol l ing on the Falls Ro i — a regiment which has per-[u i; been the mos t unpopular with (iii1 civilian populat ion of all those .si c-.r'd in Nor the rn Ire land?

T..e other week a soldier f r o m th ; regiment shot dead an inno-cent schoolboy, Char les Irvine, who wa.; travelling in a car f rom which the Army, in a press s ta tement , sail a shot had been fired a t them. This s t a t ement was, however, totally untrue. T h e incident was witnessed by several local people as it happened. T h e r e is considerable bitterness in Bel fas t Catholic ciroles at t he b l a t a n t falsehoods, innuendoes and false alibis pu t out by the Bri t ish Army press depar t -ment in Lisburn to just i fy every minor or m a j o r misdemeanour by the boys in un i fo rm. | |N'E fact of life in Belfast a t

the moment Is t h a t the fewer British soldiers to be seen in cer-tain ireas,' t he less likelihood there is of any trouble. The r a t e of oramary crime like robbery and so on has dropped dramatical ly in what a re called "republ ican" areas since the ceasefire incident centres began to operate.

When compla in ts are made to those wha are supposed to be t h e political - m a s t e r s " of the Army in Stormont Castle, they adopt an attitude of Our - Boys - Right - Or -Wrona and will no t countenance the thought t h a t mil i tary decisions on the g round may have highly political effects, a n d may in f ac t be designed to have such by the majors, colonels and generals responsible.

The same a t t i t ude is generally held b\ the poli t icians to whom the Arm> is supposed to be responsible at Westminster. I t is one of the unwritten laws of Brit ish parl ia-mentary politics, broken only by an occasional courageous Labour M.P., that politicians never criticise "our" Army.

"Our'' Army is, of course, a poli-tical illusion. Cer ta inly it is so when it comes to security mat ters within the United Kingdom itself. The p ist few years have seen "our" Annv a-sert a poli t ical will of its own on several occasions in North-ern Ireland.

The politicians and people in Britain should know t h a t leading • ommanders of the British Army in Northern I re land are currently working to end the Provisional ceasefire, to judge by the actions they have authorised and the Jroop dispositions they a re making. I t l s an extremely ominous develop-"K'tn. Labour polit icians espe-™lly should take heed of these warnings and not allow any wlsh-'"I thinking to blind t hem to what •s happening.

BRITISH ARE PULLING OUT (MAR DHEADH) BY ANTHONY COUGHLAN

' J ^ H E British are preparing to pull out of the Six Counties, say

voices from Right and Lef t in re-cent months. A quick wi thdrawal is quite on the cards, say the opti-mists, who never seem to ask themselves just what is to come af ter .

I n Britain the Troops Out Movement has spoken as if a with-drawal of the troops is only around the corner. But they do no t say what is to happen to the Ulster Defence Regiment which is a ful ly integral par t of the British Army, whose members and officers come f rom and live in the Six Counties — almost entirely Orange and Loyalist in outlook. Are they too to be withdrawn and, if so, wi th-drawn to where?

At the recent July 12th Orange-men's jamboree, several p l a t fo rm orators said the British might be intending to "disengage" and t h a t "Ulstermen" mus t be prepared to take over in t ha t eventuality a n d t h a t certainly "power - shar ing" would not be par t of the subsequent set-up.

S J O M E time ago the Rev. Arlow, the Protes tant clergyman who

played a par t in negotiating the Provisional I.R.A. truce, said t h a t he thought there was an under-s tanding between the British a n d the Provisionals t h a t the Bri t ish in tended in due t ime "to with-draw." This was followed by a flurry of denials f rom Stormont Castle and all sorts of in terpreta-tion$ were put on what the Bri t ish might have said during these nego-tiat ions. The general view was t h a t most likely the British h a d

said to the Provisionals t ha t they would "dearly like" to get rid of the troubles in Northern Ireland, that the Provisionals decided to interpret this as being t a n t a m o u n t to a declaration of intent to with-draw and that , for their own pur-poses, the British did not disillusion them.

But put side by side with this flurry of rumour and wishful thinking some actual facts.

One fact is t ha t the House of Commons decided the other week to give Har land and Wolf Ship-yard £60 million of Government assistance on being taken into pub-lic ownership. This sum is to be spent between now and 1979. Now if Britain were planning to pull out of the North at any t ime in the near or medium-term future , would they be proposing to spend £60 million — which is still a size-able chunk of money _ even these days — on investments like this in the Belfast Shipyard?

r P A K E another fact t . W h a t of the multi-million pound prison

near Armagh announced last year? Meant to take the internees and detainees of the 1980s and the 1990s?

And then take this important political fact. Wha t would the British Government like in the North at this period in "time? They ' would like some agreement to come out of the Northern Convention on the setting up of some local adminis-trat ion in the Six dount ies — an administrat ion which would have sufficiently stable support f rom Catholics and Protes tants to keep the North par t of the U.K. for the foreseeable fu tu re at least.

One obstacle in the way of this

coming about is the S.D.L.P.'s in-sistence on "power-sharing' ' and the simultaneous Protes tant oppo-sition to the idea. Talk of Bri t ish withdrawal tends to scare the Catholic populat ion of the North, for they see it as leaving them to the mercy of sec ta r ian wolves and thugs. Talk of this kind puts maximum pressure on the S.D.L.P. and the representat ives of the Catholics to play down their de-mands , to throw the "Irish dimen-sion" out of the window, to go easy on any strong insistence on "power-sharing", to agree to work the system the Br i t i sh want to see worked. In o ther words all th is ta lk and innuendo artel veiled and ambiguous u t te rance , which is so carefully and calculatedly dissemi-na t ed through the press, has the effect of putt ing a gun to the head of the Catholics. They are being told: abandon the "Irish dimen-sion" and abandon all intransi-gence on "power-sharing" or else we will throw you to the Orange-men. If the Orangemen are made equally pliant in moderat ing their inflexibility on powersharing, t hen so much the bet ter from the Br i t i sh point of view.

I N other words, all this talk of a Brit ish withdrawal is a set-up. I t

is a spoof, a cunning , vicious at-t empt to put pressure on the leaders of the Cathol ic minority to get them to r e t r ea t from their political positions — positions which are formally, in fact, the posit ions of the Br i t i sh and I r ish Governments as well — both of whom are on record as being in favour of a se t t lement based on "power-sharing" and an "Ir ish ' dimension".

But the British policymakers in

bodies as UNESCO and by broad-casters, politicians and sociologists th roughou t the world. S to rmont Castle calculate t h a t if the S.D.L.P. can be got to back down on these demands, t h e n Br i t a in herself need no longer subscribe to them. And Dublin of course will go a long wi th ,Whatever the S.D.L.P. and the British agree to.

Hence the "Bri t i sh wi thdrawal" talk shows all the signs of a care-fully orchestrated campaign which serves the design of current Br i t i sh policy. This is not to say t h a t t h e Rev. Arlow or the people in t h e Troops Out Movement are a w a r e of this or tha t they are a n y t h i n g but unconsciously the in s t rumen t of Bri t ish policy. I t does m e a n , t ha t the i r s t a t ements and wishful-th ink ing are given wider publicity than they otherwise would get; t h a t Bri t ish civil servants and policy-makers are laughing up the i r sleeves somewhere as they say to themselves, well let us make some use of those fellows.

In o ther words it behoves al l sensible people to be extremely dis-t rus t fu l of these seemingly "easy" solutions to the I r ish problem a n d to ask the old question, Cui Bono? —Who s tands to gain? A l i t t le thought should then help to make one somewhat more critical a n d less inclined to let one's feelings run away with one.

We all want the Bri t ish out of the Six Counties — but there is no sign yet t h a t t h a t is what t h e British Government wants. Organ-ised mass action in the Labour movement in Bri ta in is essential if the policy of the Br i t i sh Govern-ment on Ireland is to be changed in favour of a united Ireland.

T H K K.K.C.

Ireland and the Common Market

Unions and (Cant, Irorti Page Four) -

Professor John Murphy of Uni-

new group. ha^4jeeo?a*kiip'4a that city to promote RTE's ciase for a

A F T E R the result of the referen-dum on the E.E.C. in Br i ta in

and t h e North became known, there was much jubilation in pro-E.E.C. circles i n . Ireland. Although the E.E.C. idealist who serves as Ir ish Foreign Minister, G a r r e t Fitzgerald, had declared tha t I re land would re-ma in a member regardless, political and economic realit ies suggested t h a t his confidence might not be too widely shared in the event of a Bri t ish pull-out.

T h a t danger for pro-Marketeers ha s now receded, but many indica-t ions remain tha t the public is by no means as enamoured of the Europe of the Nine as Govern-ment spokesmen and Commission propagandis ts would have us be-lieve.

Late last year, Tor example, an opinion poll was conducted in the largest t rade union in the country, the Ir ish Transpor t & General Workers ' Union representing, 150,000 men and women. This revealed a t demand by over 50 per cent for renegotiat ion of E.E.C. membership terms whether Britain stayed in or pulled out. Furthermore, 20 to 25 per cent were for complete with-drawal f rom the E.E.C. Irrespective of the British course of action. I NDEED, there is good reason for * workers to reflect in this way on

their experience of the Common Market . T h e March to March (1974-1975) figure for unemployment has gone up by 41 per cent, bringing Ire land the worst unemployment since 1941. Workers in textiles and shoes have been particularly hit. They are facing a three-pronged a t t ack by free trade. The Anglo-Irish Free Trade Agreement came Into full force in July this year; th ree reductions of 20 per cent have

alseady been made on goods com-

BY LIAM O DREANAIN

ing f rom the E.E.C.; and the coun-try is opened up to f u r t h e r compe-ti t ion as a result of world-wide agreements negotiated by the E.E.C. within the f ramework of G.A.T.T. (General Agreement oh Tariffs and Trade) or bilaterally with other countries.

Great play is made by Dr Fitz-gerald of the money flowing into I re land f rom Brussels. He cor-rectly points out t h a t f rom 1973 to the end of 1974 Ire land got back 91 million pounds more than she paid into the E.E.C.

T I E neglects to point out a num-* ber of important qualifications

to this observation, however. First of all,* the biggest pa r t , of the moneys received <£99m. gross) con-sists of £87m. which was paid to large farmers for excess production of beef tha t was then put into cold s torage on ships off the Ir ish coast or in plants in Britain and Holland. (At one stage, Cork dock workers, to their credit, refused to load the beef into the ships). Th is is all par t of the irrat ional Common Agricul-tu ra l Policy which keeps the price of food high and so discriminates agains t the working-class family for which food is a much greater pro-port ion of expenditure than for o ther social groups.

Another much smaller sum, £5m., was paid through the Social Fund for retraining workers. Retraining Is necessary because of the redun-dancy the E.E.C. gives rise to and only half the cost ls met by Brus-sels, the o ther half being supplied by the na t ional exchequer.

Above and beyond these reserva- tions, however, the re is t he silliness of merely looking a t official money flows as a measurement of benefit or d isadvantage f r o m the E.E.C. T h e t rue indicators a re increase in jobs and production, a sound balance of payments , and sp on. And these are precisely the areas where Ireland has seen a steady worsening over the pa s t couple "of years.

r p . H E E.E.C., we were told, would n o t only bring prosperity, but

economic independence f rom Bri-tain. I n 1973 the re was a sh i f t away f r o m the Bri t ish to the "Con-t inen ta l market as a dest inat ion for I r ish goods. Actually th i s was due more to the devaluation of sterling, which eheapened I r i sh exports, thai*1

E.E.C. membership. Even so, in 1974 th is t r end has been reversed with t h e sha re of Irish expor ts going to the E.E.C. eight d ropp ing f rom 21 per cent In 1973 to 18 per cent in 1974.

One of the benefits t h a t the E.E.C. was supposed to provide which would compensate for o ther disad-vantages was a regional fund. Ex-pectat ions from th is f u n d were re-vealed by the Confederat ion of Irish Indus t ry almost two years ago. The Confederat ion said t h a t to bring I re land up to E.E.C. llvlrlfe stan-dards by 1980 would require an annua l growth rate of 10 per cent and addit ional inves tment of £400 to £500 million. I n f ac t Ireland will receive £35m. over a three-year period.

I t is little wonder t h a t hard-headed t rade unionists have been calling for better t e rms in the E.E.C. or f u l l disengagement.

second channel. He said that an

the excesses of physical farrie h w f resulted in an effort by the Govern-ment to throw out the national baby with the chauvinist dishwater. The people were told that they must fatalistically expect to be over-whelmed by the cultural imperial-isms of the world. There was n o evidence that any other Minister for communications, apart from.Dr." O'Brien, had accepted this sug-gestion. T T would be quite wrong incident-

ally to think that the viewers in the multi-channel areas of, the Republic, in Dublin and along the east coast, spend their time look-ing at British programmes on tele-, vision. In fact the four pro-grammes consistently at the top ot the TAM ratings in the multi-channel areas are produced by RTE.

Nor would it be right to think that most people in the single-', channel areas are in favour of the BBC rather than RTE., There seems little doubt that when people in these areas get a fair presenta-tion of the case for the two chan> . nels they give their preference to „ the second Irish channel. One indi-cation of opinion In the single-channel areas'is the attitude of the provincial newspapers. Ekven pro-vincial newspapers in the single channel areas have in fact editor-ially opposed the rebroadcasting of the BBC, while only one — the? Connacht Telegraph In Castlebar— has come out in favour of It.

In the coming months it is likely that a more articulate voice i n favour of RTE 2 will develop in th£. • single-channel areas, • countering the views of the West Britons and' LFM-types , orchestrated so . assid-uously by the Minister for Posts and, Telegraphs. ,, C

6 T H E I R I S H D E M O C R A T A u g u s t 1 9 7 5

l l f i I S 1 1 S O M - S

THE MAID OF ANNER

C H E lived beside the Anner, ^ At the foot of Slievenamon, A gentle Irish peasant girl,

Wi th mild eyes like the dawn; IHer lips were dewy rosebuds,

Her teeth of pearl so rare, And a snowdrift 'neath a

beechen bough Her neck and nut-brown hair.

Mow pleasant 'twas to meet her On Sundays, when the bell

Was fil l ing with its mellow tones

Lone wood and grassy de l l ! And when at eve young maidens

Strayed the river-bank along, The widow's brown - eyed

daughter Was the loveliest of the throng.

®h brave, brave Irish girls— We wel l may call you brave !

Sure the least of your perils the stormy ocean w a v e ;

When you leave your quiet val leys

And cross the Atlantic foam To hoard your hard - won

earnings For the helpless ones at home.

Wr i te word to my own dear mother

Say we' l l meet with God above; And tel l my little brothers

t send them all my love; May the angels ever guard them

Is their dying sister's prayer— And folded in the letter

Was a braid of nut-brown eye.

Ah, cold and well-nigh callous This weary heart has grown

For thy helpless fate, dear Ireland,

And foe sorrows of my own ; Yet a tear my eye wil l moisten

When by Anner side I stray ; For the l i ly of the mountain foot

That withered far away. C H A R L E S J. K I C K H A M

MY LOVELY HUSH HOSE

A W I N D I N G river wends its w a y

Near t o a n Irish home, A n d m l n g l e d w i t h T r a b e g g a B a y

Cl66e t o t h e A t l a n t i c f o a m ; 'Twas in a spot c lose t o a cot,

W h e r e t h e r iver g e n t l y f lows , That I b a d e f a r e w e l l to m y o w n

d e a r g i r l . M y l o v e l y Irish Rose.

O b , - D o n e g a l , t h e best of all, I n e v e r w i l l forget ,

In Carroll f a i r beyond compare, I th ink I s e e it ye t ;

I sa i led away from Oerry quay, J u s t a t t h e evening 's c lose ,

I w a v e d m y hand to the d e a r o l d land,

A n d m y l o v e l y Irish Rose.

T h e s t ranger ' s land is fa ir t o see , T h e s t r a n g e r s , too, are k i n d ;

But s t i l l Miere's one I can't f o r g e t ,

It's the g ir l I le f t b e h i n d ; I'd rather s t r a y by the old mil l

1 brae , W h e r e t h e s o f t green grass

g r o w s , On a s u m m e r ' s night, w i th my

hear t ' s de l ight , M y l o v e l y Irish Rose,

Oh Mary dear , I 'm lonely here, W i t h o u t y o u all the while,

I miss y o u r l o v i n g words of cheer, Your k i n d l y Irish smi le ;

A n d . w h e n I g o t o s leep at night, B e f o r e m y e y e s I c lose,

I pray that G o d may gu ide y o u r ight ,

M y l o v e l y Irish Rose,

A N SPAILPIN FANACH / ^ O deo deo aris ni raghad go Caiseal

Ag dioi na ag reic mo shlainte Na ar mhargadh na saoire im' shui cois balta Im scaoinse a rleataoibh sraide-Bodairi na tire ag teacht ar a goapall Da thiafrai an bhfuilim hiralta 0 teanaam chun siuil ta an cursa fada Seo ar siul an Spailpin Fanach.

Im Spailpin Fanach fagadh mise A g seasamh ar mo shlainte, Ag siul an druchts go moch ar maidin, 's ag bailui galair raithe. Ni theicfear corran im' laimh chun bainte, Suiste n afeac beag rainne, Ach bratacha no bhFranneach os cionn mo leapan Is pise agam chun saite,

M o chuig cead sian chun duiche m'athar Agus chun an oileain gramhair, Is chun buaichailli na Culach os diobh na mhiste In aimsir costa an gharda. Ach anois o taimse im chadhan bhochi dhealbh Imease na nduichi fain seo 'Se mo chumha croi mar fuair me an ghairm, Bheith riamh im Spailpin Fanach.

Is robhrea is cuimhin liom mo dhaoine bheith sealad Th ia ar droichead Chaile, Fe bhuai, fe chaorai, fe laoi bheaga gheala Agus capaill ann le h-aireamh. Acht b'e toil Chriost e gur cuireadh sinn asta, Is go ndeaghamhar i leith ar slaintei Is gurbh e bhris mo chroi i ngach ttr raehainn "Call here, you Spailpin Fanach."

THE BLARNEY STONE ' T W A S on the road to

Bandon, One fine morning in July,

I met a lovely colleen And she smiled as she passed

by. I said, "I am a'stranger

And I 'm lonely all alone, And would you kindly tell me

Where Til find the Blarney stone ?"

C H O R U S : There's a Blarneystone in

Kerry , There's a Blarney stone in

Clare, There's a Blarney stone in

Wlcklow— And there's plenty in Kildare, There's a Blarney stone in

Leitr im, And another in Tyrone, Sure thed iv i l a town in Ireland But you'll find a Blarney stone.

Sez she, "1 k n o w you come f r o m G a l w a y ,

I can te l l it by your brogue , Sure , there n e v e r w a s a G a l w a y

man But w a s an a w f u l rogue.

But s ince y o u are a s t r a n g e r Where the r i v e r S h a n n o n flows,

And the o n l y B larney s t o n e I k n o w

Is u n d e r n e a t h me nose."

C h o r u s : Oh, her Irislt s m i l e it b r o a d e n e d

And she w i n k e d a roguish e y e . I f e l t my h e a r t a - thumpin '

Til l I s u r e l y thought I'd die , So 1 rowled h e r in me arms

And she n e v e r matte a* m o a n , W h i l e I kissed t h e b looming r o s e s

On the B a n d o n Blarney s t o n e .

C h o r u s :

South London Connolly Association Commemorates the 30th Anniversary of the death

of Ireland's world-famous singer w i t h a

John McCormack Memorial CONCERT

LAMBETH TOWN HALL, &RIXTON, S.W.2

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 25th 7.45 p.m.

Songs from M I C H A E L O ' D U F F Y T E R E S A D U F F Y O L I V E R M U L L I G A N flUl

fT ' i Music from

M A R G A R E T B O Y L E

BOBBY CASEY ( F i d d l e ) T O M M Y M C C A R T H Y & F A M I L Y ( U i l e a n n P i p e s , T i n W h i s t l e , C o n c e r t i n a ) P A D D Y T A Y L O R ( F l u t e ) T O M M Y M A G U I R E F A M I L Y

C E I L I G R O U P N O E L PEPPER ( M o u t h O r g a n ) K E V I N B O Y L E ( G u i t a r )

B O O K T H E D A T E ! TELL Y O U R F R I E N D S ! Tickftd SI from Connolly Association, 283 Grays Inn fkMul, London, WOl

or IrUh. Drmoerat Mlfera. Buy your ticket now aixl ensure your neat!

TONES GRAVE I N Bodenstown churchyard there is a green grave,

And wi ld ly around it the winter winds rave: Small shelter I ween are the ruined walls there, When the storm sweeps down on the plains of Kildare.

Face I lay on that sod, it lies over Wolfe Tone, And I thought how he perished in prison alone, His friends unavenged, and his country unfreett— "Oh, bitter," I said, "is the patriot's meed."

For in him the heart of a woman combined With a heroic life and a governing mind— A martyr for Ireland—his grave has no stone— His name seldom named, and his virtues unknown.

I was woke from my dream by the voices and tread Of a band who came into the home of the dead; They carried no coffin, they carried no stone, And they stopped when they came to the grave of Wolfe Tone.

They were students and peasants, the wise and the brave, And an old man who knew him f rom cradle to grave, And children who thought us hard-hearted : for they On that sanctified sod were forbidden to play.

But the old man who saw I was mourning there said, "We come, sir, to weep where young Wolfe Tone is laid, And we're going to raise him a monument too— A plain one yet f.t for the simple and true !"

My heart overflowed, and I clasped his old hand, And I blessed him and blessed every one of his band : "Sweet, sweet 'tis to find that such faith can remain To the cause and the man so long vanquished and slain."

In Bodenstowns churchyard there is a green grave, And freely around it let winter winds r a v e -Far better they suit him the ruin and the gloom— Ti l l Ireland, a nation, can build him a tomb.

DANNY BOY / \ H , D a n n y boy, t h e pipes, t h e pipes are cal l ing, v F r o m g l e n to g l e n and d o w n the m o u n t a i n s i d e , The s u m m e r ' s g o n e , a n d a l l t h e roses fal l ing1—

T i s y o u , 'tis y o u m u s t g o and I m u s t b ide . But c o m e y o u back w h e n s u m m e r ' s in t h e m e a d o w ,

Or w h e n the f i e lds are hushed and w h i t e w i t h snow, It's I'll be h e r e in s u n s h i n e or i n s h a d o w ,

Oh D a h n y boy , o h D a n n y boy , I l o v e y o u so.

But if y o u come , and, al l the f l o w e r s are d y i n g , ilf l a m dead , and d e a d I w e l t m a y b e ,

¥00*1! c o m e and f i n d t h e p l a c e w h e r e il a m ly ing , A n d k n e e l and s a y an A v e there f o r m e ;

And I sha l l hear, t h o u g h so f t y o u r tread a b o v e me, A n d a l l m y g r a v e w i l l ' w a r m e r , s w e e t e r be,

A n d y o u wi lK bend and tel l m e that y o u love me A n d I shal l rest in peace u n t i l y o u c o m e t o me.

If I s h o u l d l ive, and y o u s h o u l d d i f f o r Ire land, Let notj your d y i n g prayer be ait f o r m e ,

But say a prayer t « God for our dear s i r e l a n d And H e \ w f l l hear , and sure ly s e t h e r f r e e ;

A n d I w i l l take y o u r p i k e and p lace , m y deares t , I'll s t r i k e a b l o w , t h o u g h w e a k that b l o w may be,

T o aid t h e c a u s e w h i c h t o o a r h e a r t s is n e a r e s t , A n d I sha l l s l e e p i n peace w h e n Ire land's free .

A N BUACHAJLUN DONN b J Y true l o v e h e d w e l l s on the m o u n t a i n , " " Like a w a r - e a g l e f e a r l e s s and f r e e , B y the s ide of t h e l o w - t u r n i n g f o u n t a i n T h a t w a n d e r s thro' w i d e A n n a l e e , H i s sou l h a s m o r e va lour and h o n o u r T h a n a k ing w i t h a p a l a c e a n d c r o w n F o r the b lood of t h e race of O'Connor F i l l s the ve ins of m y B u a c h a R l i n D c n n .

S o f t "Cead M i l l e Fa i l l e" I g i v e h i m W h e n he c o m e s e v e r y S u n d a y t o m e , A n d w h a t can I do but b e l i e v e h i m W h e n h e w h i s p e r s "A Chui s l e m o chroi ," For t h e look is s o truthful and tender F r o m his br ight r o v i n g e y e s o f dark b r o w n , T h a t I'm sure e ' en a lady in s p l e n d o u r , W o u l d be c o a x e d by my B u a c h a i l l l n D o n n .

M y f a t h e r has r iches in p l e n t y A n d sui tors f o r m e in his e y e , B u t o h ! let m y age o o m e to t w e n t y If I don't bid t h e m aH the " G o o d - b y e " F o r I s igh for a l i fe in t h e m o u n t a i n s , Far a w a y f r o m t h e dust and t h e c r o w d B y t h e s ide of t h e l o w t u r n i n g f o u n t a i n , In t h e arms of m y Buaohai l l fn Donn .

A u g u s t 1 9 7 5 T H E IRISH D E M O C R A T 7

Poems o. REPUBLICAN NOT ORANGE BOOK S

sensibi l i ty jh Island", by Richard Mur-•ihy (Faber. £1.25)

Without Frenzy", by Sean Clarkin (Gallery Books, 60p)

| 'HERE is a quality — sensibility, 1 . sincerity, authent ic i ty , it has . .. variously named — which is

, poetry as air is to life, and • : , . 'hard Murphy rarely loses sight

:t. Among the twenty-seven .", .,ems in his third collection are .overal which, like "Seals a t High Isl md" with its sonorous music .turned to exact evocation, are per-

works of art .

Even the four lines of "Double Negative", for all the absence of a significant theme, carry t h e signa-ture. It is weakest in t h e poems tc.'.ling with recollections of child-hood in Ceylon — though these too rtL-e of high technical quali ty — :-nc t r iumphantly s t rong when he p.nds a theme f rom the Connemara j j . i s t where he now lives, "Lar-.esse", "Jurors", "The Glass Dump .: « U" and "Ball's Cove", all ap-i> a ently based on local incidents, ,-ordid or horrific, achieve balladic impetus and economy in metres Dther than the t radi t ional four-:. •• ner. This is but one face t of .-•.chard Murphy's gif t for reflect-::•: reality without subjective inter-• .viation.

"White Goats and Black Bees", by Donald Grant (Michael Joseph, £3.50).

J r is more t h a n a coincidence t h a t a man who exchanged "two

Urge salaries (his own and his wife's) in New'York for subsistence fa rming i n West Oork is a gifted writer. When Donald Grant des-cribes cobwebs glistening on fuchsia in the still morning air beside h is house a t Dooneen on the Muintir-y^ra peninsula, the reader feelfe tha t this is really what he crossed the ocean for Yet the book, like the migration, is full of practical concerns Hke "drains, goat-manure,

"Rhyming Weavers", edited by John Hewitt (Blackstaff Press, £4.95).

I U I R H E W I T T has trained a discriminating eye on an

attractive aspect of the Protest-ant tradition in the north of Ireland. The fame of Robert Burns seems to have had re-verberations there on a scale almost as great as in Scotland. These were confined mainly to the regions where the seven-teenth - century settlement was densest, north Down (including Ards) and the valley of the Six M i l e Water. Poets like Hugh Porter of Moneyslan or the outl ier John McKin ley of Dun-severick published volumes of verse in the first half of the nineteenth century which often showed considerable skill with the forms which Burns had adopted from an old Scots tra-dit ion — the famous Standard Habbie, the "Holy Fair" stanza and the quatorzain used in the "Cherrie and the Slae". That this last-named poem by Alex-ander Montgomerie was first

TARGET

mulch, ducks, rabbits, honey and inohey.

Once the Grants decided to sacri-fice comfort to the quest of mental and bodily health, Providence, abet-,-ted i by a nod and a wink from Prank Aiken and by practical ad-vice from a friend in Bord F&ilte, steered them to Dooneen. They sank what capital they could raise •in the renovation of an ancient farmhouse and the shipment of their household goods, including that invaluable weapon against in-flation, a deep-freeze. •

I f p H E I R 'Tarm" consisted origi-nal ly of a patch the size of a

geherous handkerchief but ha s ettice expanded to the m a x i m u m

J

published in Newry in 1731 shows that the Scots tradition in Ireland existed before Burns.

The greatest number of the bards were weavers, with schoolmasters the second larg-est category. The linguistic Scots elements are already di-luted — as indeed they were in Burns himself — so that although the bulk of the verse is in that dialect which can still be heard in the Braid val-ley, there is a good deal of Popeian poetic diction, and much uninspired blank verse rubbing shoulders w i th heroic and octosyllabic couplets.

These "forgotten and often clumsy poets", who sometimes formed themselves into coteries under such patronage as that of bishop Bruce of Dromore, were nonetheless truly vernacular, and much of their interest lies in the details they give of rural customs, the skills and tools of domestic weaving, household goods, social relations and the like. By referring to reading

clubs like the one near Glen-gormley, Belfast and citing sub-scription-lists for various vol-umes M r Hewitt establishes the important fact that a literate public existed among the Scots-Irish. He regards this as setting the northerners off f rom the rest of the Irish people, though it would be just as valid, I think, to see it as corresponding to the popular interest in the poetry of Munster described in Daniel Corkery's "The Hidden Ireland".

The second half of the book is an anthology selected from about 15 of the local bards. The absence of political allusion is both remarkable and a de-parture from the practice of Burns: the word Orange doesn't appear in either half, though Scottish - style free-masonry is mentioned. This should hardly surprise, since orangeism as a way of life really dates from 1886. Indeed the only two poets who ex-press controversial ideas James Campbell of Bal lynure

and James Orr of Bal lycarry — are radical and republican.

For this gleam, or chink of be-nign light in a gloomy tradit ion one must be grateful to M r Hewit t who has so careful ly re-searched the little verse-books and the manuscripts in Bel-fast's L inen Hall l ibrary and his own collection.

E A V A N N C O N O R

CLARKE IN PAPERBACK

"Poems 1917- 1938"; "Poems 1955-1966"; "Poems 1967-1974", by Austin Clartte-(Dolmen / Oxford, 3 vols., £1.75 each).

' P H I S three-par t repr in t in paper -back of the hardback "Collec-

ted Poems" brings together verse-books published over sixty yea r s and revised by the poet shor t ly before his death. Al though a t al l periods Aust in Clarke wrote m a n y forget table poems — the neo-Miltonic "The Fires of Baa l " f o r instance — and many t h a t a r e wilfully obscure, the f r amework of rhetorical skill is firm f r o m t h e start, as is his control of t h e re-sources of language th rough asso-nance, consonance, ha l f - rhyme, cross-rhyme and rime riche a n d of varied musica l rhythms, o f t en of Gaelic origin.

ON BERNADETTE •y LTHOUGH without Frenzy may

- * be read a first t ime without i-c-tasy, nevertheless Sean Clarkin 's :yo 1 s ta tement and sparseness of imagery define a distinctive voice. H;> style draws s t reng th pr imar i ly ti'om the naming of concrete ob-i vc is of feeling a n d the meticulous choice of verbs ("Birds redeem their shadows"). Adjectives t end to be replaced by verb — or noun-deriva-t'.ves as in "birds uprivered", or in

I t is faced up a -hill it will never climb: rear ing to overcome its engineless, doorless, wheelless existence.

If the range of experience in these nineteen poems is narrow, mainly a thirty-two year old man's nostalgia for a .dead friend, a Wexford boyhood, h is life a s a seminar ian .'in Rome, thete is .great promise in' the supple iacoominoda-tion of rhythm to santtaeni. -The single affectation Iaxate is the ' i n -comprehensible interchanging of & with and, .which contributes nothing, as f a r as I can see, to t h e tine c ra f t smansh ip of these lines,

There is- a jumping .shadow of the t ra in & one or two woodpigeons dr i f t ing away

& with slow finality

a s tat ion is arrived at.

S T .

"Bernadette", by G. W. Target (Hodder & Stoughton, 384pp. £4.50).

vpHE"background to the course of Mrs Bernadette McAliskey's

(n£e Devlin) career between 1968 and 1[)74 — Burntollet, Rossville flats August 1969, Armagh gaol, Bloody Sunday — hardly de-m a n d e d a jaunty, facetious book, yet G. W. Target ha s produced just t h a t — and, surprisingly, ha s a lmos t succeeded in giving a rounded picture Bf both his sub-ject a n d the events. Although an obsession with italics and the upper case o f t en gives the writing a ju-venile air, he has done serious re-search, quoting extensively f rom journa l i sm of both the .popular p ress (Marjorie Proops) and t h e responsible varieties, t he la t ter in-cluding t h e Irish Democrat.

M r Targe t is a m a n CConor Oruise O 'Br ien is another) who believes t h a t a historian needs to-state his re l ig ious beliefs; a n d ' that , as a Cathol ic- turned-Protestant , he is mystically equipped fo r impart ia l -ity. Impart ial i ty be seems to define on B B C principles; a balance, t h a t is, between t ru th and falsehood. T h n s he brackets Mr Paisley with Pope John , Orange marches with Cathol ic liturgy, or the presence of overnight guards to .protect the marche r s a t Maghera in J a n u a r y 1969 with the a t tack made on them

3kby t h e U V P a n d B Specials 36 hours later a t 'Bu rn to l l e t bridge.

TVTEVERTHELESS, impar t ia l he -1-* tr ies to be, t rouncing the vari-ous official .reports, especially Comp-

1

ton a n d Widgery, mocking the Eng-lish press both for its r ap tu re s over Miss Devlin's maiden speech a t West-mins ter and for its speedy change to snide innuendo, describing Regi-nald Maudling as a na t iona l dis-grace, a n d never missing a n oppor-tuni ty to stress Britain 's responsi-bility for and indifference to the tragedy in which Miss Devlin was involved.

At the same time his journal is t ic need to jolly the reader a long leads to distortions. He is sometimes careless about places a n d times, prone to the tendentious ph rase — "constricting and mean - minded nat ional i sm" — and the second-hand aphorism — "the n igh tmare we are told is History" (a conceit

which originated, I believe, with Joyce's fictional anti-hero, S tephen Dedalus) .

Sensitive readers will regret those occasions when Mr Target ' s dislike of Catholic pieties descends to mockery. The hackneyed compari-son of Miss Devlin with he r name-sake of Lourdes is a harmless folly, but there is something unseemly as well as fa tuous about describing the Bogside rising in t e rms of the ascent of Calvary or quot ing Catho-lic p r a y e r s in incongruous contexts.

Still, Mr Target is a very good repor ter and is honest abou t his own preconceptions. Considering t h a t all t he mat te r s he deal? -with are contentious, this is a fa i r book.

S E A M U S T R E A C Y

BRILLIANT REGIONAL STUDY "The Development of the West

of Scotland 175frt960" f Rout-ledge & Kegan Paul, £6.50).

THIS book brilliantly iauoohas a new series of regional studies

covering the economic .and . social history of the past bum hundred years. The story of western Soot-land is of course the story of the Clyde. Greenock and Port Glas-gow were the most important ports for. the icansatlantio tobacco trade until the American war of Inde-pendence ended the British mono-poly. Thus a commercial network already existed to develop the Hfae-tory system onae the rural, domes-tic manufacture of oottcn and llnqn

HANDKERCHIEF FARM five acres of arable legally permi t -ted to an alien. All, according to this in te r im report, is n o w snug, fenced, hu t ted , and the milk a n d honey are flowing. Thei r know-ledge of f a rming is based on books f rom the New York public l ibrary Mid a c rash course of t r i a l and error. As Mr Grant says, t he i r efforts to cope must resemble t hose of the f a r m e r who occupied t h e ad-jacent r ingfor t three t h o u s a n d years ago.

The book's attractiveness h a s its roots in Mr (and Mrs) G r a n t ' s good-humoured acceptance of the bad th ings — gales, weariness, t h e capriciousness of goats a n d gov-e rnment officials — and the wri ter ' s sharp observation of the detai ls a round him, especially t hose of per-sonality whe ther of his ne ighbours or His p6ts a n d ll1

HRFTEACY

w a s rendered obsolete by >Har-greave's jenny, Arkwrigfit's water-frame, Crompton s mule and t h e steam engine. Clydeside ship-building, dating if rem about 1840, dwarfed competition the world ever between w o and 1913. Ancillary t o , shipbuilding and textiles t h a n developed In the nineteenth cen-tury a range of industries based on heavy engineering and ohemioals.

Anthony Slaven marshals his facts with -professional expertise of a « « h enter. He ie dealing with a mmasfcaMe phase -ef oapitalist economics. The oenJUiry u p t o l 8 7 8 saw huge industrial expansion In the legion with al*M*t no im-provement in the, fliH^g standards of the working ptfcufetton: instead, rapid urbanisation produced abem-insWe housing m m m Glasgow t h e highest death tort* * f any -Euro-

p e a n oity, a distinction whieh -had passed-to-Dublin by Ifttl. Tne . sen -tury after mo .brought industrial contraction with high unemploy-m f m J i m - t j M p i t l a n , but also a

This examination of : area's soc i a i and eoonomle oontours and t i c i y s t s t a p a n t J i t f t s g w i M s i i i e wWh historical and geographical axes of reference performs a valuable ser-vloe. The omission of footnotes and the inclusion of a biblio-graphy together snoourage a wider and better Informed Interest In the future of 21 million people. One hobss that the general editor of the series, Profeeser J. R. Harris, has in mind an equally illuminating research on N. Ireland.

E A V A N N C O N O R

In poems like "The Cat t ledr ive of C o n n a u g h t " Clarke's celtioism has a scholarly precision which Yeats could never a t ta in . And h e seems to move with equal self-confidence in the two o ther imag-inative worlds of medieval Irish monast ic ism and classical mytho-logy which h e Constructed as ^de-sirable a l te rna t ives to., post-1916 Ireland. B u t t h a t very avers ion t o the Jansen i s t , parochial -society of the F r e e - S t a t e and W a n n a F i l l decades, while i t < \ » # s h e d t h t t a e s in plenty for a spry and caus t ic satire, inhibi ted, I th ink , h i s fu l l -est development f s a p o e t . ^ ?-

An a lmost lifelong ' crusade against Catholic triumphalism , for. sexual JCreedom — Clark&'s iper--soaal response to1 the anticl imax •which followed on the heels of..the literary revival — diverted .his

, imaginative energy from the -ex-ploration of h is own personality.

Patrick Kavanagh dealt ether-wise with the disappointment of those years, by reading epic iim- , portance into the minutiae of rhis own Monaghan experience. Clarke, ,on the other hand, after twelve years in England set up s h 0 p as the s a g e of Templeogue in <the early 60s, with a missiqn to^ ,sub-vert the country's execrable mores.

" M I S preoccupation with sexual A repression becomes In t h e

Song poem "Tiresias" (1971) an almost prurient oommentary on

rcoitus. T h e point here i s - that the Jpoem's i great beauty of rhythm, shnagery, d ic t ion and theme could s t a n d without the erotic passages. His «tteohn»sot to his hobby-horse endangered the success of a fine <w»k -ofiart. s

There are many superb -poems there. iFor complete success OtaWke. required only a subject which touched his sensibility rather t fea* his opinions, valid and vigorous-as thes6 usually were. He found tsne dor the two poems on Martha Blafce, likewise fo r Japanese Print, ' * e r Voice Could Not Be Softer", "Night and Morning" and about a dosen others scattered through the three volumes. But practically everything in this memorable pub-lication deserves to be read at least once, the reader being assured j of much incidental entertainment from Austin Clarke's wayward, (in-genious, sometimes abandoned fro-lics with the sound of English words.

S E A M U S T R E A C Y

THE IRISH DEMOCRAT August 1975

I I t I N i l I N B R I T A I N

HOLDING THE FORT

I^RANKLY we do not believe the Government ' s wage-

freezing policy will have the slightest efleet on inflation. Nor will the cuts in spending which mean in effect boosting unem-ployment. The gap be tween the output of the p r in t ing presses and the production it is supposed to represent will get wider. People will be unable to buy things, and there'll be an almighty slump.

We hope tha t won't be, but we fear it will.

And already the 15 per cent unemployment in the bui ld ing trade is h i t t ing sales of the "Irish Democrat" . The swinge-ing increase of print ing costs this month also has its effect.

We will have to put the price up 'again, and we want to tell our patient readers it may have to go up to 15p. But we'll hold it a month or two if we can get an increased circulation, and if our good friends will keep up the good work with the fund. Could we try and get it to £120 a month? Then we will hold the fort a bit longer.

Our thanks to our July donors who are listed below:

J. O'Neill £5, J. Bird £2, C. Kelly £2, M. O'Miadhachain £3.43, G. Findlay 50p, South London C.A. £14.90, J. K. Boyd £7, D. O'Brien £2, Metropolitan Social £5, C. Cooper sop, B. Wilkinson 90p, A. Higgins £1, M. Keane 50p, P. Browne £1.14, Oxford C.A. £7, D. P. Smith £1, J. KMdwry £2, A.U.E.W. (Kingston D.C.) £2, A.U.E.W. (Swindon D.C.) £1, A.U.E.W. (Blackpool D.C;) £1, A.U.E.W. (Hatfield * Welwyn D.C.) £2, Higgs and Hill Site £18.23, M. Brennan £2, 8. F. Huggett JOp, *. South London Readers. £5,39, Central , London Headers £6.05, E. London Readers £1.77. TOTAL: £93.51. '#'

Wear a James Connolly

f pHOUSANDS of Irish mett and women in Britain have bought a James Connolly

badge.- • - '• i" ; --'— ' + Please- think for a few minutes'

about why you bought.it and what it means'. It is part of the tre-mendous grassroots feeling of sup-port for James Connolly and the cause of the Irish people, particu-larly the Irish Working Class, for which he worked and gave his life. You taay perhaps not know a lot abOtirt Connolly's life and the de-tails Of his ideas, but felt you would like to do something to show sup-port for what you felt he stood for.

Why not do something more? The Connolly Association is work-ing in Britain today to win sup-port for James Connolly's aims. More people are joining every week. There's a place for you, however much oj- little you may be able to do. . Why not All in and return the coupon below to us?

And, If you live in or near Lon-don and read this in time, come end; join our Demonstration against Internment and against the harass-ment of . Irish people in Britain o r Sunday. August 3rd, 3.15 p.m. from Hyde .Par*. Wear your Connelly 8ad< eL Or if you've lost It well be pleased, to, provide you with another!

A 1 " ' " '

J N T H W r d f c l I agree with the airtls a n d p o l i c y of the Connolly Association and enclose £2.00 for a year's membership or £1.00 for 6 months.

Address

Out out and P©»t ttl 2S3 Grays Inn Ro^d, London, W.C.I Membership b r i n g s y o u a free copy of the Irish Democrat by post every month. , , j

JJ /HEN I wasn't assisting Ernie 1 would sometimes find my-

self working with a much older man than myself, another labourer who was shortly due to retire. Tom Gooding was this man's name and he had a nature as sweet-tempered as the old brickie's could be foul. What-ever it was old Tom Gooding was sent to do he set about it with a will, never grumbling or complaining but getting stuck in and working away at a steady pace that got him through a lot more in a day than many a man who fussed and rushed about. Old Tom had a singularly un-eventful life, having held only three jobs in all but, like many such people, it never occurred to him that his life might have seemed dull to others and he would go over the details of the three jobs he'd been in to any-one who cared to listen. He came from the little North Bucks, town of Olney and as soon as he left school in the late 'twenties he got a job in one of the boot and shoe factories there.

In those days boot and shoe workers had to be very careful of their jobs and old Tom would tell how if you removed your apron a moment before the whistle went the foreman told you smartly to put it back on and not be so eager for o f f . The threat of the sack hung over you always and it was rare indeed to hear of anyone lefivin° of their own free will. Old Ton would shak$,his head (not a1'to-gether regretfully I must say) as he thought back over those times and then with a chuckle he'd tell of the day he made the dramatic decision to pack up his job in the boot and shoe trade and go out on the building.

"They thought I wuz mad, clean off me rocker, and they done their level best to advise me, but I'd 'ad enough, Pat."

And so Tom started work: for a contractor and, as luck would have it, the nature of the work meant that he was exempted from army service when the war broke out so tha t he spent those years of turmoil and bloodshed fairly secure in his own county though not in his own home town. The work—a Ministry job —was some miles away and there was camp accommodation and Tom Gooding settled down there for the duration near enough.

This was his first real experi-ence of Irish people since' of course there weren't all that many of them knocking about in North Bucks, before the war and Tom would regale me with tales of th4 Herculean feats of labour performed by what he called some of the old-time Paddies.

Oddly enough—or perhaps not so—what impressed Tom most about his Irish workmates In that camp was not their prefer-ence for fighting at all

SERIAL STORY BY

DONALL MacAMHLAIGH but their quiet and industrious disposition. But most of them moved away as soon as the re-strictions on free movement were lifted with the ending of the war and then Tom himself came to the Works where he was to end his days as it hap-pened. J DON'T think I can ever have

come across a man so com-pletely at one with his life and surroundings as Tom Gooding. His pleasure in life was made up of the most basic and simple things-—a walk with his grand-child in the evenings, a meal of fish and chips fetched in on his way home from the pub—and he would talk to you endlessly about his home and family.

Englishmen are perhaps more truly domesticated than a lot of other races and certainly it would have been hard to find anyone more wrapped up in his home than old Tom. He spoke of his wife with the utmost affection and if ever she had an ache or pain you might be sure that Tom would recount it in detail next day. His was a very loyal and united family circle and all his sons and daughters with their Qum^ftitnilies would flock to Tem's house every Sunday and On Monday old Tom would give you the ins and outs of their liveh—how the kiddies were getting? on at school and so forth. A.

It seemed pith him as if daily familiar things never grew stale and I am certain that he never longed for anything out of life other than tfidt which was his lot; and when you consider what a mess this life of ours can be it would be hard to dis-pute that Tom was a rich man indeed for all that he probably never had more than a few pounds together from the day he commenced U*orfe.

But, like Many another man who worked hard and faitfifully all his life, poor Tom was denied Until recentty I would say that most of the English were rather

""' '»"! 1 1 '

the reward oj a long and happy retirement. About a fortnight or so before he was due to be pen-sioned off he developed a slight pain and on being examined by the doctor agreed to undergo an operation which, he was assured, would be nothing at all. Unfor-tunately the operation was to be the cause of his death—just an-other one of those cruel ironies that life it all too often made up of. IJIKE a lot of workers, Tom

Gooding was genuinely puzz-led by developments in Northern Ireland at the time and he would often ask me the whys and wherefores of it all. And I would try, of course, to present as fair a picture as I could, not neglecting to attempt an exami-nation of the fears and preju-dices of the Loyalist majority as well as the aspirations and grievances of the minority, but of course it was all so far be-yond anything in old Tom's experience that I doubt if I ever really succeeded in making him grasp what it was all about. What was clear to me, however, from talking with Tom Gooding as well as with many another man in the Works, was the un-deniable fund of goodwill that existed towards Ireland and the Irish.

This may have lessened with the course of events, human nature being what it is, but it was heartening at the time to know that there were so many Englishmen who cared and who would have been veQj fognpy to see"£ sotutiart to mi 'p^B^m.^ inclined to dismiss oik -prehen-sions to being different in a way that could be a little iii1»0hg by times. For instance, tf you want it to be kmwn that you come frofridn independent and culturally "foreign" country it is a bit irWsome to hear someone tell you, however well, ihean-ingly, "Nonsense, Pat, you're as British as we are! English, Irish, Scots or Welsh—what the odds, man: we're really all the one . . ."

What has become clear to me over the years, however. Is that when the chips are dOWrt this oneness or unity nuxtter$ more on a class basis than Oft one of nationality. For who could deny that the likes of myself is more akin to a man like Tom Good-ing than, say, Tony O'Reilly, or any such Irishman today!

N.U.R. PASSES RESOLUTION

A T the Annual Conference oi tin National Union of RailwJ-

men the following resolution \v>< passed:

"This A.G.M., mindful of the continuing tragic complex situ -tion in Northern Ireland, and the fact that the bombings and mur-ders have now been going on for years, causing division and con-fusion among the working people, feels that new initiatives must be taken in order to find a solu-tion.

The first steps should be 1. i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of T.U.C.

policy, 2. release of all prisoners held

without trial, 3. a bill of rights producing social

and economic equality which would eventually facilitate the withdrawal of troops."

UCATT HEARS IRISH CASE

"V^OUNGEST member- of the Connolly Association, first

year student Stephen Bonham, is spending his vacation in the Con-nolly Association office, as facto-tum in general, and seeker after bigger circulation of the "Irish Democrat" in particular.

On 21st July he addressed the Harrow Branch, of U.C.A.T.T. on the situation in the six counties of north eastern Ireland, and ap-pealed for help in enlarging the circulation of the paper. A num-ber of those present took copies of the paper and promised to consider selling them at their place of work.

Others took handbills for the meeting on August 3rd.

^hai ^needed is.W c ash pro-' grana* j^ fewwate i^ ie . ohm of the paper. And here is an idea. Would- some of our old^tablished readers who have read the paper for years, and would paf?<ij$J;.sea-sonable price for it, ootfifoer the possibility of buying -two ;per month, and selling <me to ^ work-mate thereby getting) money back? - .. J f t ' ,

If a hundred, did have an .extra incomt"'^ £20 a month:'' " ' '

JL • i jj

SPONSORS AMONQ these sponsoring the

August . 3rd iwrnemtrattort tost* the Orcatte Lomtori Associa-tion of TntHcc Councils, Liberation (Movement for Colonial Freedom) London communist Party, and the following Mcmtoirc of Parliament, Marous Lipton, Tom Litterick, Joan nt fa t t * , *tan . Thorns,. RloharO ksttsy. This list is as of July 24tn and is very fooompletfc

e • •

1 1 ERE are some of the re-cently g b e e d contracts,

and if you'i* looking for a job, you could wftteh out for work beginning.

Berkshire. S tarts mid-Aug-ust. Extenrton to St. Peter's Church e l j f c f h t a d School. J. M.- Jones & B o n s Maidenhead. £122,879.

Bath. Conversion of, Cleve-land Hotel t f t t o t t old people's flats. K e n Biggs , contractors, £320,000.

people's home, traction. Nor-

Y. J. Lovell.

Eating. Traditional, tholt. Contri £264,387.

Newcastle. Five nurseries, at various sctofek. Contractors Miway, Mansion House Cham-bers, Newcastle. £195,899.

London. Structural altera-tions to outpatients depart-ment St. Bartholomew's hospi-

tal. Walter Lilly, Streatham. £160,006.

Newcastle. Redevelopment of Royal Victoria Infirmary. Con-tractors Stanley MUloft £185,064.

Manchester. Relocation of Altripcham Girls'- s l M t n m a r School. Contractors W.' Fern-ley and Sons. £200,000.

Newcastle. Police headquar-ters at South Shields, West Denton, Wallaetul a w | Ashmg-ton are 0 0 * estimate £l,8fi»,006. Architects E. Aldred, N e w * * * * ;

Momftcfc. Staol portal frame building w i t h rtOZMhttie floor-ing. Cantley Works of British Sugar Corporation. Tulley En* gineering. £164j00& L -

Block e r bogan June. Contractors I t

Saltartf. S topping Precinct at O d s a l l . ^ J J n ^ t e e n shops,

supermarket and maisonettes. John Laing. £460,000. Work

Croydon. Home for elderly at South Mertsham, Surrey. Y. J. Lovell contractors. £277,000.

Sunderland. Four building contracts to Public Works De-partment. Phone Sunderland 76255. Work at Colliery Row, Fencehouses; East Rainton; Thornfield Special School; Re-placement of South Hylton School. Total £1,050,000. Also Old People's Flatlets etc. Fencehouses. Isaac Berriman. £246,806.

Worcester. Fprty Council Houses in Blockhouse re-development. Contractors Spi-r t s Ltd., Worcester. £373,384.

Printed by Ripley Printers 1M-. (f.tT.), Nottingham Boad, Wpto-Derbyshire, and publish*. ^ Connelly PubUoations U«U> ®t 283 Grays Inn Rd., London, WC).