The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana PurchaseThe Big Idea

President Jefferson purchases the Louisiana Territory and helps America grow.

8.4.18.8.2

Main Idea 1:Main Idea 1: Control of the Mississippi River Control of the Mississippi River

became more important to the United became more important to the United

States.States.

• Thousands of Americans farmed between App. Mnts and the Miss. R. by 1800s.

• Use Miss. and Ohio Rivers to move products east.

• Jefferson worried that Fra. could stop US from using the Miss. River and port of N.O.–Would keep US from trading

Mississippi is big! And New Orleans is Mississippi is big! And New Orleans is important.important.

Main Idea 2:Main Idea 2:The Lou. Pur. almost doubled The Lou. Pur. almost doubled

the size of the US.the size of the US.

• Jefferson offers to buy New Orleans from France

• The French offered to sell all of Lou. Terr.

–Price was $15 million

–Napoléon needs money to fund his wars in Europe

Lots of land for little cashLots of land for little cash

Main Idea 3:Main Idea 3: Expeditions increased Americans’ Expeditions increased Americans’

understanding of the West.understanding of the West.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

• Goal:

– explore the land, people, and plants in new territory

– Find water route to the Pacific Ocean

• Began near St. Louis on May 14, 1804

• Reached the Pacific Ocean in November, 1805

Pike’s ExplorationPike’s Exploration

• Zebulon Pike, explored west of Louisiana Terr. near Rocky Mountains

• Pike’s Report:

–Barren desert, not worth anything

Nevada DesertNevada Desert

•

Salt FlatsSalt Flats

•

Tree in the Salt FlatsTree in the Salt Flats

Moab, UtahMoab, Utah

John C. FremontJohn C. Fremont

• Mapped between the Miss. Valley and Pac. Ocean–Described the beauty of the West Coast

YosemiteYosemite

OregonOregon

Lake ShastaLake Shasta

Main Idea #1: Americans use the new maps to Main Idea #1: Americans use the new maps to move out west.move out west.

•Adventure– Escape from the boring farm life

•Land– Good farmland is available out west, not at

home

•Freedom– No slavery out west

•Jobs– Many new industries beginning and plenty of

work

• Manifest Destiny– It is America’s Destiny to conquer from

Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

Oregon TrailOregon Trail

NotesNotes

Big IdeaBig Idea

• Americans follow the Oregon Trail to settle the West Coast

Who owned the territory?Who owned the territory?

• Great Britain and US share it–5,000 Americans live there–US wants to split at 49*N lat. line

Picture of Oregon territoryPicture of Oregon territory

Where did they settle? Where did they settle?

• Oregon Territory–North West US

How did they get there? How did they get there?

• Oregon Trail–Trail from Missouri River to Oregon

–Wagons

What was the trail life like?What was the trail life like?

• Tough–Most walked the 2000 miles–Used “buffalo chips” to cook over

–Many died from disease–Very few NA attacks

What was trail life like?What was trail life like?

• Dangerous Journey

– food shortages

– bad weather

– mountains and rivers – Many died from disease– Very few NA attacks

What was the trail life like?What was the trail life like?

• Exciting –Saw many new places–NA and mountain men guided the groups

Chimney RockChimney Rock

Independence RockIndependence Rock

Courthouse RockCourthouse Rock

Why did people go on the trail?Why did people go on the trail?

• Seeking opportunity/land• Manifest Destiny

–Want to control from coast to coast

Texas IndependenceTexas Independence

NotesNotes

Main Idea #2: Texas Revolution Main Idea #2: Texas Revolution creates an independent country.creates an independent country.

• Mexico owns state of Texas–Being attacked by NA tribes

–Invites 300 American families to come in to protect land• Led by Stephen Austin

• New immigrants had to…

–Learn Spanish

–Become Catholic

–Obey Mexican Law

•No slavery

•No more immigration

• Americans outnumber Mexicans in Texas• New President Santa Anna elected

– Taxes all American goods– Declares himself dictator– Orders taking of American weapons

• Americans refuse to obey– Want religious freedom– Want slaves– Want weapons

• Battle of the Alamo–125 Texans held the Alamo–Mex lays siege for 12 days–All Tex in Alamo are executed

The AlamoThe Alamo

• Battle of Goliad–MEX wins–Executes all Texans at battle

• Battle of San Jacinto–Battle lasts 10 minutes–1400 Mex killed vs. 9 Tex–Santa Anna captured

• Texas becomes a country in 1836

• Texas is Annexed by the US in 1845

• US is now one step closer to Manifest Destiny

8.8.6War with MexicoThe Big Idea

Manifest Destiny and the war with Mexico led to U.S. expansion to the Pacific Ocean.

US and Mex in 1830US and Mex in 1830

•

Main Idea #1: Manifest Destiny Main Idea #1: Manifest Destiny leads to war with Mexicoleads to war with Mexico

• Man. Des is belief that US should control land from ocean to ocean

• Change or destroy any other culture

• God would want it this way

Dispute over borderDispute over border

• US claims Rio Grande is border

• Mex claims Nueces River

• US Troops move into disputed area

• Mex attacks• Congress declares

warRio Grande

Nueces River

Disputed Area

• Northern Mexico– Led by General Taylor– Heavy casualties – US gains control of

border region

Battles of the WarBattles of the War

• California– Led by Capt. John

Fremont– Known as “Bear Flag

Rebellion”– Uprising of Mexicans

and Americans living in territory

• Mexico City– Led by Winfield Scott– Navy advances when

Mex. Troops leave– More die from disease

than wounds– US captures capital

Battle for MexicoBattle for Mexico

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

– ended war in 1848

– US gains CA, NV, and UT, and parts of AZ, NM, CO, and WY

– Mex in US could become US citizens or return

– border at the Rio Grande

– US bigger by 25 percent

• Gadsden Purchase of 1853,

– $10 million for parts of present-day AZ and NM.

Surge of American Settlers

• Americans flooded into the Southwest.

• New settlers battled longtime residents to control land, water, and minerals.

• Most Mexicans, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans faced legal, economic, and social discrimination from settlers.

Main Idea 3:Main Idea 3: American settlement in the Mexican American settlement in the Mexican

Cession produced conflict and Cession produced conflict and a blending of cultures.a blending of cultures.

Cultural Encounters

• Different cultures shaped one another in the Southwest despite conflicts.

• Names of places showed Hispanic and Native American heritage.

• Mexican and Native American knowledge and traditions also shaped many local economies.

CA Gold RushCA Gold Rush

NotesNotes

8.8.38.8.58.9.4

The California Gold RushThe California Gold Rush

The Big IdeaThe Big Idea

The California gold rush changed the future The California gold rush changed the future of the West.of the West.

Main Idea 1:Main Idea 1: The discovery of gold The discovery of gold

brought settlers to California. brought settlers to California.

• Mexico controls California

• Population was mostly Mexicans and Native Americans

Gold in California Gold in California

• Gold found at Sutter’s Mill in January 1848. (near Sacramento)

• 80,000 gold-seekers came to CA in 1849; forty-niners.

• prospect in streams or in surface mines.

• Few miners become wealthy, but most merchants strike it rich!

Main Idea 2:Main Idea 2:Gold discoveries create crowds and Gold discoveries create crowds and

lawlessnesslawlessness• Boomtowns and Ghost Towns

–People would flood an area when news of a gold strike spread

–Towns disappeared quickly when gold ran out

• Wild westWild west–Lots of men + no laws= troubleLots of men + no laws= trouble–Many fights, robberies, murdersMany fights, robberies, murders

Bodie is a Ghost townBodie is a Ghost town

• CA becomes 31st CA becomes 31st state in 1850state in 1850– Creates law and Creates law and

orderorder– Connected to US Connected to US

by trans-continental by trans-continental railroadrailroad

Main Idea #3:Main Idea #3:Immigrants from all over the world come to Immigrants from all over the world come to

CaliforniaCalifornia• 1849

– 20,000 immigrants arrived in California from China, Mexico, and South America.

• Laws favor Americans– “Foreign Miners” tax

charges fee to any non-American miner

Copy this in your notesCopy this in your notes

GroupGroup Year 1845Year 1845 Year 1850Year 1850 Year 2000Year 2000

CalifornioCalifornioss

ChineseChinese

BlacksBlacks

WhiteWhite

Native Native AmericansAmericans

TotalTotal 100%100% 100%100% 100%100%

CA population: 1845CA population: 1845

GroupGroup PopulationPopulation PercentagesPercentages

CaliforniosCalifornios 2,0002,000 1%1%

ChineseChinese 00 0%0%

BlackBlack 00 0%0%

WhiteWhite 00 0%0%

Native Native AmericanAmerican

200,000200,000 99%99%

TotalTotal 202,000202,000 100%100%

CA population: 1850CA population: 1850

GroupGroup PopulationPopulation PercentagesPercentages

CaliforniosCalifornios 53,00053,000 ??

ChineseChinese 25,00025,000 ??

BlackBlack 3,0003,000 ??

WhiteWhite 155,000155,000 ??

Native Native AmericanAmerican

24,00024,000 ??

TotalTotal 260,000260,000 100%100%

CA population: 1850CA population: 1850

GroupGroup PopulationPopulation PercentagesPercentages

CaliforniosCalifornios 53,00053,000 20%20%

ChineseChinese 25,00025,000 10%10%

BlackBlack 3,0003,000 1%1%

WhiteWhite 155,000155,000 60%60%

Native Native AmericanAmerican

24,00024,000 9%9%

TotalTotal 260,000260,000 100%100%

CA Population: 2000CA Population: 2000

GroupGroup PopulationPopulation PercenatagesPercenatages

CaliforniosCalifornios 10,967,00010,967,000 ??

ChineseChinese 3,649,0003,649,000 ??

BlackBlack 2,182,0002,182,000 ??

WhiteWhite 15,817,00015,817,000 ??

Native Native AmericansAmericans

1,258,0001,258,000 ??

TotalTotal 33,873,00033,873,000 100%100%

CA Population: 2000CA Population: 2000

GroupGroup PopulationPopulation PercenatagesPercenatages

CaliforniosCalifornios 10,967,00010,967,000 32%32%

ChineseChinese 3,649,0003,649,000 11%11%

BlackBlack 2,182,0002,182,000 6%6%

WhiteWhite 15,817,00015,817,000 47%47%

Native Native AmericansAmericans

1,258,0001,258,000 4%4%

TotalTotal 33,873,00033,873,000 100%100%

Answer these using the chart:Answer these using the chart:

1. What changed in California between 1845 and 1850?

2. What has changed in California between 1850 and 2000?

3. How did the gold rush affect the racial make-up of California?

4. Is this a good thing or a bad thing?

Copy this chart into your notes. You will be Copy this chart into your notes. You will be filling in answers from your reading and filling in answers from your reading and

discussions. (use the whole page)discussions. (use the whole page)

MineMinersrs

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WhitesWhites

Describe the life of Describe the life of your group during the your group during the gold rush.gold rush.

How did the gold rush How did the gold rush affect your group?affect your group?

WhitesWhites

Took over CA, made $, became merchants, Took over CA, made $, became merchants, left families, merchants became rich, left families, merchants became rich, prospectors lost moneyprospectors lost money

Loneliness, homesick, created a new culture, Loneliness, homesick, created a new culture,

Native AmericansNative Americans

Lost land, died from disease, tribes wiped Lost land, died from disease, tribes wiped out, lost cultureout, lost culture

Forced off land, couldn’t vote, own land, own Forced off land, couldn’t vote, own land, own property, own guns, serve on a jury, legal to property, own guns, serve on a jury, legal to kill NAkill NA

CaliforniosCalifornios

Lost land, lost culture, lost how they made Lost land, lost culture, lost how they made moneymoney

Lost land, paid foreign miners tax, Lost land, paid foreign miners tax,

BlacksBlacks

Some earned freedom, some lost freedom, Some earned freedom, some lost freedom, popular cooks, popular cooks,

Used as slaves, slaves couldn’t keep the Used as slaves, slaves couldn’t keep the gold they found, gold they found,

ChineseChinese

Moved to CA, gained respect as hard Moved to CA, gained respect as hard workers, workers,

Forced to pay foreign miners tax, many Forced to pay foreign miners tax, many fights, fights,

Answer these using the chart:Answer these using the chart:

1. What changed in California between 1845 and 1850?

2. What has changed in California between 1850 and 2000?

3. How did the gold rush affect the racial make-up of California?

4. Is this a good thing or a bad thing?

Answer the questions below in your Answer the questions below in your notebooks, on your own.notebooks, on your own.

1. What were some examples of discrimination during the Gold Rush?

2. Why do you think the whites treated other groups this way?

Indian RemovalIndian Removal

NotesNotes

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalThe Big Idea

President Jackson removes the Native Americans so the US can expand west

8.8.1

Main Idea #11Main Idea #11Manifest Destiny leads to Indian Manifest Destiny leads to Indian

RemovalRemoval• US wanted to move westward

• US saw Native Americans (NA) as “pagan”

• US lies to get land–Forced into signing treaty–Used military if needed

Main Idea 12:Main Idea 12: The Indian Removal Act authorized moving the The Indian Removal Act authorized moving the

NA to the West.NA to the West.

• Indian Removal Act in 1830.–Moved NA from E of Miss. River to

present-day Oklahoma.

Main Idea #13Main Idea #13NA response to US failedNA response to US failed

• Resistance–US has better weapons

–NA tribes not unified

–Leads to loss of land and death

• Cultural Accommodation–Combine best features of US and NA cultures

–Adopted the “white culture”–Tried by Cherokee Tribe

Trail of Tears

•U.S. troops forced Cherokees on 800-mile march to Indian Territory

• 4,000 of 18,000 Cherokees died.

Worcester v. GeorgiaSup Ct. held that Cherokee could not be forced off the land

Pres. Jackson ignored the ruling and forced the Cherokee out anyway

• Revitalization–Rejection of White Culture and return to NA way of life

–Leads to US take over of land