The Longman Anthologyof British Literature

David DamroschGeneral Editor

VOLUME 2

THE ROMANTICS ANDTHEIR CONTEMPORARIES

Susan Wolfson and Peter Manning

THE VICTORIAN AGEHeather Henderson and William Sharpe

THE TWENTIETH CENTURYKevin Dettmar and Jennifer Wicke

LONGMAN: of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

§1 ' . ' ' : ' New York •;Reading,/]*tassachusetts • Menlo Park, California • Harlow, England§, ".•U''«»'* "J Don TyUlls, OMBrio • Sydney • Mexico City • Madrid • Amsterdam

CONTENTS

Preface xxxiii

Acknowledgments xxxix

The Romantics and Their Contemporaries 2

ANNA LAETITIA BARBAULD 29

The Mouse's Petition to Dr. Priestley 29On a Lady's Writing 31Inscription for an Ice-House 31To a Little Invisible Being Who Is Expected Soon to Become Visible 32To the Poor 33Washing-Day 33Eighteen Hundred and Eleven 35The First Fire 43

COMPANION READINGJohn Wilson Croker: from A Review of Eighteen Hundred and Eleven 45

PERSPECTIVES: THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE REVOLUTION

CONTROVERSY 46

HELEN MARIA WILLIAMS 47

from Letters Written in France, in the Summer of 1790 48from Letters from France 52

EDMUND BURKE 57

from Reflections on the Revolution in France 58MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 67

from A Vindication of the Rights of Men 67 "THOMAS PAINE 76

from The Rights of Man 76WILLIAM GODWIN 82

from An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence onGeneral Virtue and Happiness 83

THE ANTI-JACOBIN 88The Friend of Humanity and the Knife-Grinder 88

HANNAH MORE 92' Village Politics >92 • .

vi Contents

ARTHUR YOUNG 99

from Travels in France During the Years 1787-1788, and 1789 100from The Example of France, a Warning to Britain 101

WILLIAM BLAKE 104

All Religions Are One 106There Is No Natural Religion [a] 107There Is No Natural Religion [b] 108

SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE 110Songs of Innocence

Introduction 110The Ecchoing Green 111The Lamb 112The Little Black Boy 113The Chimney Sweeper 114The Divine Image 115HOLY THURSDAY 115Nurse's Song 116Infant Joy 116COMPANION READINGCharles Lamb: from The Praise of Chimney-Sweepers 116

Songs of ExperienceThe Fly 119The CLOD & the PEBBLE 120HOLY THURSDAY 120The Tyger 120The Chimney Sweeper 122The SICK ROSE 122AH! SUN-FLOWER 123The GARDEN of LOVE 123LONDON 123The Human Abstract 124INFANT SORROW 124A POISON TREE 125A DIVINE IMAGE 126

The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 126Visions of the Daughters of Albion 139

LETTERS 145To Dr. John Trusler (23 August 1799) 145To Thomas Butts (22 November 1802) 146

PERSPECTIVES: T H E A B O L I T I O N OF SLAVERY AND THE SLAVE

TRADE 149

OLAUDAH EQUIANO 151

from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano. 15,1MARY PRINCE 157

from The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave 158 • • ;

Contents vii

THOMAS BELLAMY 161

The Benevolent Planters 161ANN YEARSLEY 168

from A Poem on the Inhumanity of the Slave-Trade 168WILLIAM COWPER 172

Sweet Meat Has Sour Sauce 173HANNAH MORE 174

The Sorrows of Yamba 174ROBERT SOUTHEY 178

from Poems Concerning the Slave Trade 179DOROTHY WORDSWORTH 180

from The Grasmere Journals 180GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON 181

from Detached Thoughts 181THOMAS CLARKSON 181

from The History of the Rise, Progress, & Accomplishment of the Abolitionof the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament 181

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 190

To Toussaint L'Ouverture 190To Thomas Clarkson 191from The Prelude 191from Humanity 192Letter to Mary Ann Rawson 192

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW 193

from Abstract of the Information laid on the Table of the House of Commons,on the Subject of the Slave Trade 193

MARY ROBINSON 195January, 1795 196Sappho and Phaon 198

4 ("Why, when I gaze on Phaon's beauteous eyes") 19812 ("Now, o'er the tesselated pavement strew") 19918 ("Why art thou changed? O Phaon! tell me why?") 19930 ("O'er the tall cliff that bounds the billowy main") 19937 ("When, in the gloomy mansion of the dead") 200

The Camp 200

LYRICAL TALES 201The Haunted Beach 201London's Summer Morning 203The Old Beggar 204

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT 2 0 6

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 208To M. Talleyrand-Perigord, Late Bishop of Autun 208Introduction 210from Chapter 1. The Rights and Involved Duties of Mankind Considered 213from Chapter 2. The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character

Discussed 216

viii Contents

from Chapter 3. The Same Subject Continued 227from Chapter 5. Animadversions on Some of the Writers Who Have Rendered

Women Objects of Pity, Bordering on Contempt 232from Chapter 13. Some Instances ofthe Folly Which the Ignorance

of Women Generates; with Concluding Reflections on the MoralImprovement That a Revolution in Female Manners Might NaturallyBe Expected to Produce 233

Maria; or The Wrongs of Woman 235[Jemima's Story] 235

PERSPECTIVES: THE WOLLSTONECRAFT CONTROVERSY ANDTHE RIGHTS OF WOMEN 247

CATHERINE MACAULAY 247from Letters on Education 248

ANNA LAETITIA BARBAULD 250

The Rights of Woman 251ROBERT SOUTHEY 251

To Mary Wolstoncraft 251WILLIAM BLAKE 252

from Mary 252RICHARD POLWHELE 253

from The Unsex'd Females 254PRISCILLA BELL WAKEFIELD 258

from Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex 258MARY ANNE RADCUFFE 262

from The Female Advocate 262HANNAH MORE 269

from Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education 269MARY ANNE LAMB 275

Letter to The British Lady's Magazine [On Needlework] 276WILLIAM THOMPSON and ANNA WHEELER 279 '

from Appeal of One Haif the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensionsof the Other Half, Men, To Retain Them in Political, and Thencein Civil and Domestic Slavery 280

JOANNA BAILLIE 287

Plays on the Passions 287from Introductory Discourse 287

London 292A Mother to Her Waking Infant 293A Child to His Sick Grandfather 294Thunder 295Song: Woo'd and Married and A' 297

Literary Ballads 298

RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY 299

Sir Patrick Spence 300

Contents ix

ROBERT BURNS 301

To a Mouse 302Flow gently, sweet Afton 303Ae fond kiss 303Comin' Thro' the Rye (1) 304Comin' Thro' the Rye (2) 304Scots, wha hae wi' Wallace bled 305Is there for honest poverty 306A Red, Red Rose 307Auld Lang Syne 307The Fornicator. A New Song 308

SIR WALTER SCOTT 309

Lord Randal 309

THOMAS MOORE 310

The harp that once through Tara's halls 310Believe me, if all those endearing young charms 310The time I've lost in wooing 311

WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 312

LYRICAL BALLADS (1798) 313Simon Lee 314We Are Seven 317Lines Written in Early Spring 318The Thorn 319Note to The Thorn 324Expostulation and Reply 326The Tables Turned 326Old Man Travelling 327Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey 328

LYRICAL BALLADS (1800, 1802) 332Preface 332

[The Principal Object of the Poems. Humble and Rustic Life] 332["The Spontaneous Overflow of Powerful Feelings"] 333[The Language of Poetry] 334[What Is a Poet?] 335["Emotion Recollected in Tranquillity"] 336

There was a Boy 336Strange fits of passion have I known 337Song (She dwelt among th' untrodden ways) 338Three years she grew in sun and shower 338Song (A slumber did my spirit seal) 339Lucy Gray 340

Contents

Poor Susan 341Nutting 342Michael 343

COMPANION READINGS

Francis Jeffrey: from A Review of Robert Southey's Thalaba 354Charles Lamb: from Letter to William Wordsworth 357Charles Lamb: from Letter to Thomas Manning 358

SONNETS, 1 8 0 2 - 1 8 0 7 359Prefatory Sonnet ("Nuns fret not at their Convent's narrow room") 359The world is too much with us 360Composed upon Westminster Bridge, Sept. 3, 1802 360It is a beauteous Evening 360I griev'd for Buonaparte 361London, 1802 361

COMPANION READINGS

Charlotte Smith: from Elegiac SonnetsTo Melancholy 362Far on the Sands 362 • •To Tranquillity 362Written in the Church Yard at Middleton in Sussex 363On being cautioned against walking on an headland overlooking the sea 363

THE PRELUDE, OR GROWTH OF A POET'S MIND (1805) 364Book First. Introduction, Childhood, and School time 365Book Second. School time continued 379

[Two Consciousnesses] 379[Blessed Infant Babe] 380

Book Fourth. Summer Vacation 381[Encounter with a "Dismissed" Soldier] 381

Book Fifth. Books 384[Meditation on Books. The Dream of the Arab] 384[A Drowning in Esthwaite's Lake] 388

'["The Mystery of Words"] 388 'Book Sixth. Cambridge, and the Alps 389

[The Pleasure of Geometric Science] 389[Arrival in France] 390[Travelling in the Alps. Simplon Pass] 392 •

Book Seventh. Residence in London 396[A Blind Beggar. Bartholomew Fair] 396 .

Book Ninth. Residence in France 399[Paris] 399[Revolution, Royalists, and Patriots] 403

Book Tenth. Residence in France and French Revolution 406[The Reign of Terror. Confusion. Return to England] 406[Further Events in France] 410[The Death of Robespierre and Renewed Optimism] 412[Britain Declares War on France. The Rise of Napoleon

and Imperialist France] 414COMPANION READING

William Wordsworth: from The Prelude (1850) 418

Contents xi

Book Eleventh. Imagination, How Impaired and Restored 418[Imagination Restored by Nature] 418 ' •• • •["Spots of Time." Two Memories from Childhood and Later Reflections] 420

Book Thirteenth. Conclusion 423[Climbing Mount Snowdon. Moonlit Vista. Meditation on "Mind," "Self,"

"Imagination," "Fear," and "Love"] 423[Concluding Retrospect and Prophecy] 428

Resolution and Independence 430I wandered lonely as a cloud 433My heart leaps up 434Ode: Intimations of Immortality 434The Solitary Reaper 439Elegiac Stanzas 440from Preface to The Excursion 442

COMPANION READINGS

William Hazlitt: from The Character of Mr. Wordsworth's New Poem,The Excursion 445

Francis Jeffrey: from A Review of William Wordsworth's Excursion AAGSurprized by joy 447Mutability 448Scorn not the sonnet 448Extempore Effusion upon the Death of James Hogg 448

DOROTHY WORDSWORTH 4 5 0

Grasmere—A Fragment 451Address to a Child 453Irregular Verses 454Floating Island 457Lines Intended for My Niece's Album 458Thoughts on My Sick-bed 459When Shall I Tread Your Garden Path? 460Lines Written (Rather Say Begun) on the Morning of Sunday April 6th 460The Grasmere Journals 462

[Home Alone] 462[A Leech Gatherer] 463[A Woman Beggar] 463 .' ' ' "[An Old Soldier] 464 • : • • . • •

[The Grasmere Mailman] 465[A Vision of the Moon] 465[A Field of Daffodils] 466[A Beggar Woman from Cockermouth] 466[The Circumstances of "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge"] 467[The Circumstances of "It is a beauteous evening"] 467[The Household in Winter, with William's New Wife! Gingerbread] 467

LETTERS 468To Jane Pollard [A Scheme of Happiness] 468To Lady Beaumont [A Gloomy Christmas] 469

xii Contents

To Lady Beaumont [Her Poetry, William's Poetry] 471To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [Household Labors] 472To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [A Prospect of Publishing] 473To William Johnson [Mountain-Climbing with a Woman] 473

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE 4 7 6

Sonnet to the River Otter 478COMPANION READINGWilliam Lisle Bowles: To the River Itchin, Near Winton 478

The Eolian Harp 478This lime-Tree Bower My Prison 480The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere (1798) 482

Part 1 482The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1817) 484

COMPANION READINGS

William Cowper: The Castaway 499Samuel Taylor Coleridge: from Table Talk 500

Kubla Khan 501Christabel 503Frost at Midnight 518Dejection: An Ode 519On Donne's Poetry 522Work Without Hope 522Constancy to an Ideal Object 523Epitaph 524from. The Statesman's Manual [Symbol and Allegory] 524Biographia Literaria 525

Chapter 4 525[On Lyrical Ballads] 525

[Wordsworth's Earlier Poetry] 525

Chapter 11 526

[The Profession of Literature] 526

Chapter 13 528

[Imagination and Fancy] 528

Chapter 14 531

[Occasion of the Lyrical Ballads—Preface to the Second Edition—

The Ensuing Controversy] 531

[Philosophic Definitions of a Poem and Poetry] 533

Chapter 17 533

[Examination of the Tenets Peculiar to Mr. Wordsworth. Rustic Life

and Poetic Language] 533

from Jacobinism 537from Once a Jacobin Always a Jacobin 538Lectures on Shakespeare 541

[Mechanic vs. Organic Form] 541[The Character of Hamlet] 542[Stage Illusion and the Willing Suspension of Disbelief] 543[Shakespeare's Images] 544[Othello] 544

Contents xiii

COLERIDGE'S LECTURES IN CONTEXT: Shakespeare in theNineteenth Century 546

Charles Lamb and Mary Lamb Preface to Tales from Shakespear 546Charles Lamb from On the Tragedies of Shakspeare 548William Hazlitt from Lectures on the English Poets 551 • from The

Characters of Shakespeare's Plays 552Thomas De Quincey On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth 552

GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON 555She walks in beauty 557So, we'll go no more a-fovirig 558

CHILDE HAROLD'S PILGRIMAGE 558Canto 3 558

[Thunderstorm in Switzerland] 558[Byron's Strained Idealism. Apostrophe to His Daughter] 560

Canto 4 562[Rome. Political Hopes] 562[The Coloseum. The Dying Gladiator] 563[Apostrophe to the Ocean. Conclusion] 565COMPANION READINGSJohn Wilson: from A Review of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage 567John Scott: [Lord Byron's Creations] 568

DON JUAN 569Dedication 570Canto 1 574from Canto 2 [Shipwreck. Juan and Haidee] 616from Canto 3 [Juan and Haidee. The Poet for Hire] 631from Canto 7 [Critique of Military "Glory"] 639from Canto 11 [Juan in England] 640Stanzas ("When a man hath no freedom to fight for at home") 643On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year 643

LETTERS 644To Thomas Moore [On Childe Harold] 644To John Murray [On Don Juan] (6 April 1819) 645To John Murray [On Don Juan] (12 August 1819) 646To Douglas Kinnaird [On Don Juan] (26 October 1819) 647To John Murray [On Don Juan] (16 February 1821) 649To Augusta Leigh [On His Daughter] 649

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 651To Wordsworth 653Mont Blanc 653Hymn to Intellectual Beauty 657Ozymandias 659Sonnet: Lift not the painted veil 659Sonnet: England in 1819 660

Contents

The Mask of Anarchy 660Ode to the West Wind 670To a Sky-Lark 672To — ("Music, when soft voices die") 675Adonais 675

COMPANION READINGSGeorge Gordon, Lord Byron: from Don Juan 690George Gordon, Lord Byron: Letter to Percy Bysshe Shelley 691George Gordon, Lord Byron: Letter to John Murray 691

Hellas 692Chorus ("Worlds on worlds are rolling ever") 692Chorus ("The world's great age begins anew") 694

from A Defence of Poetry 695

FELICIA HEMANS 7 0 6

TALES, AND HISTORIC SCENES, IN VERSE 707TheWifeofAsdrubal 707The Last Banquet of Antony and Cleopatra 709

Evening Prayer, at a Girls' School 713Casabianca 714

RECORDS OF WOMAN 716The Bride of the Greek Isles 716Properzia Rossi 721Indian Woman's Death-Song 724Joan of Arc, in Rheims 725

The Homes of England 728The Graves of a Household 729Corinne at the Capitol 730Woman and Fame 731

COMPANION READINGS

Francis Jeffrey: from A Review of Felicia Hemans's Poetry 732William Wordsworth: from Prefatory Note to Extempore Effusion

on the Death of James Hogg 735 • . .

JOHN CLARE 7 3 6

Written in November (1) 737Written in November (2) 738Songs Eternity 738[The Lament of Swordy Well] 739[The Mouse's Nest] 744Clock a Clay 744 >"I Am" 745

Contents xv

JOHN KEATS 7 4 6

On First Looking info Chapman's Homer 748COMPANION READINGS ' •' ;

Alexander Pope: from Homer's Iliad 748George Chapman: from Homer's Iliad 749Alexander Pope: from Homer's Odyssey 749 • • "George Chapman: from Homer's Odyssey 749

On the Grasshopper and Cricket 750from Sleep and Poetry 750

COMPANION READINGS

John Gibson Lockhart: from On the Cockney School of Poetry 752John.Gibson Lockhart: from The Cockney School of Poetry 755

On Seeing the Elgin Marbles 757On Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Again 757Sonnet: When I have fears 758The Eve of St. Agnes 758 • •La Belle Dame sans Mercy 768Incipit Altera Sonneta ("If by dull rhymes") 769

THE ODES OF 1819 770Ode to Psyche 771Ode to a Nightingale 773Ode on a Grecian Urn 775Ode on Indolence 776Ode on Melancholy 778To Autumn 779

The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream 780This living hand 793Bright Star 793

LETTERS 794 ( , • . . - . ,To Benjamin Bailey ["The Truth of Imagination"] 794 , . • - .To George and Thomas Keats ["Intensity" and "Negative

Capability"] 795To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth and "The Whims of

an Egotist"] 796To John Taylor ["a few Axioms"] 797To Benjamin Bailey ["ardent pursuit"] 797To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth, Milton, and "dark * , •

Passages"] 798 . .i \- •;To Benjamin Bailey ["I have not a right feeling towards Women"] 801To Richard Woodhouse [The "Camelion Poet" vs. The "Egotistical

Sublime"] 801To George and Georgiana Keats ["Indolence," "Poetry" vs. "Philosophy,"

the "Vale of Soul-Making"] 803

Contents

To Fanny Brawne ["You Take Possession of Me"] 807To Percy Bysshe Shelley ["An Artist Must Serve Mammon"] 808To Charles Brown [Keats's Last Letter] 809

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY 810

Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus (1818) 811Frankenstein (1831) 927

Introduction 927from Volume 1, Chapter 1 931COMPANION READINGSPercy Bysshe Shelley: from Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude 932Mary Shelley: Journal Entries 938Mary Shelley: from Letter to Edward John Trelawny (April 1829) 939

FRANKENSTEIN IN CONTEXT: Romantic-Era Writers

and Milton's Satan 940John Milton from Paradise Lost 941William Godwin from An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice 948George Gordon, Lord Byron Prometheus 948Caroline Lamb from Glenarvori 950John Keats To one who has been long in city pent 952 •

from Marginalia to Paradise Lost 952William Hazlitt from Lectures on the English Poets 954Percy Bysshe Shelley from Preface to Prometheus Unbound 955 •

from A Defence of Poetry 955Thomas De Quincey [What Do We Mean by Literature?} 956

PERSPECTIVES: POPULAR PROSE AND THE PROBLEMSOF AUTHORSHIP 958

SIR WALTER SCOTT 960Introduction to Tales of My Landlord 961

CHARLES LAMB 965Oxford in the Vacation 966Dream Children 970Old China 972

WILLIAM HAZLITT 975

On Gusto 976My First Acquaintance with Poets 979

THOMAS DE QUINCEY 992from Confessions of an English Opium-Eater 993

JANE AUSTEN 1020from Pride and Prejudice 1021from Emma 1022Letter to James S. Clarke (11 December 1815) 1028

WILLIAM COBBETT 1028

from Rural Rides 1029

Contents xvii

The Victorian Age 1032

THOMAS CARLYLE 1057Sartor Resartus 1059

The Everlasting No 1059Centre of Indifference 1063The Everlasting Yea 1070Natural Supematuralism 1076

Past and Present 1082Midas [The Condition of England] 1082from Gospel of Mammonism [The Irish Widow] 1085from Labour [Know Thy Work] 1086from Democracy [Liberty to Die by Starvation] 1087Captains of Industry 1089

PERSPECTIVES: THE INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE 1093THE STEAM LOOM WEAVER 1095

FANNY KEMBLE 1096

from Record of a Girlhood 1097THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1098

from A Review of Southey's Colloquies 1098PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS ("BLUE BOOKS") 1100

Testimony of Hannah Goode, a Child Textile Worker 1100Testimony of Ann and Elizabeth Eggley, Child Mineworkers 1101

CHARLES DICKENS 1102

from Dombey and Son 1102from Hard Times 1103

BENJAMIN DISRAELI 1105

from Sybil 1105FRIEDRICH ENGELS 1106

from The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 1106HENRY MAYHEW 1114

from London Labour and the London Poor 1114

JOHN STUART MILL 1120On Liberty 1121

from Chapter 2. Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion 1121from Chapter 3. Of Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-Being 1124

The Subjection of Women 1132from Chapter 1 1132

Statement Repudiating the Rights of Husbands 1141Autobiography 1142

from Chapter 1. Childhood, and Early Education 1142from Chapter 5. A Crisis in My Mental History. One Stage Onward 1144

ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING 1151To George Sand: A Desire 1153To George Sand: A Recognition 1153

xviii Contents

A Year's Spinning 1154Sonnets from the Portuguese 1155

1 ("I thought once how Theocritus had sung") 115513 ("And wilt thou have me fashion into speech") 115514 ("If thou must love me, let it be for nought") 115521 ("Say over again, and yet once over again") 115622 ("When our two souls stand up erect and strong") 115624 ("Let the world's sharpness, like a clasping knife") 115628 ("My letters! all dead paper, mute and white!") 1157

32 ("The first time that the sun rose on thine oath") 115738 ("First time he kissed me, he but only kissed") 1157 ,43 ("How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.") 1.158

Aurora Leigh 1158Book 1 1158 , . '

[Self-Portrait] 1158[Her Mother's Portrait] 1160

[Aurora's Education] 1161

[Discovery of Poetry] 1166

Book 2 1168 •• v

[Woman and Artist] 1168

[No Female Christ] 1171 • • .

[Aurora's Rejection of Romney] 1172

Book 3 1176

[The Woman Writer in London] 1176

Book 5 1179

[Epic Art and Modern Life] 1179

from A Curse for a Nation 1182A Musical Instrument 1183 •The Best Thing in the World 1184 . ,

ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON 1184

TheKraken 1187Mariana 1187 .The Lady of Shalott 1189The Lotos-Eaters 1194Ulysses 1198 •Tithonus 1200 ' > . . ,Break, Break, Break 1201 :The Epic [Morte d'Arthur] 1202 • .The Eagle: A Fragment 1204LocksleyHall 1204 .

THE PRINCESS 1210Sweet and Low 1210The Splendour Falls 1210Tears, Idle Tears 1211Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal 1211 .Come Down, O Maid 1212["The Woman's Cause Is Mans"] 1213

Contents xix

from In Memoriam A. H. H. 1214The Charge of the Light Brigade 1243Idylls of the King 1245

The Coming of Arthur 1245 ; '• " •Pelleas and Ettarre 1257The Passing of Arthur 1270

The Higher Pantheism 1280Flower in the Crannied Wall 1281Crossing the Bar 1281

CHARLES DARWIN 1282

The Voyage of the Beagle 1283from Chapter 10. Tierra del Fuego 1283from Chapter 17. Galapagos Archipelago . 1289

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 1293from Chapter 3. Struggle for Existence 1293

The Descent of Man 1298from Chapter 21. General Summary and Conclusion 1298

from Autobiography 1304

PERSPECTIVES: R E L I G I O N AND SCIENCE . 1313THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1314 ,

from Lord Bacon 1314CHARLES DICKENS 1315

from Sunday Under Three Heads 1315DAVID FRIEDRICH STRAUSS 1318

from The Life of Jesus Critically Examined 1318CHARLOTTE BRONTE 1321

from Jane Eyre 1321ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH 1323

Epi-strauss-ium 1323The Latest Decalogue 1324from Dipsychus 1324

JOHN WILLIAM COLENSO 1325

from The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined 1326JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1327

. from Apologia Pro Vita Sua 1328THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY 1334

from Evolution and Ethics 1335SIR EDMUND GOSSE 1340

from Father and Son 1340

ROBERT BROWNING 1345•' Porphyria's Lover 1348

Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 1349My Last Duchess 1351How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix 1352

xx Contents

Home-Thoughts, from Abroad 1354Home-Thoughts, from the Sea 1354The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church 1355Meeting at Night 1358Parting at Morning 1358A Toccata of Galuppi' s 1358Memorabilia 1360Love Among the Ruins 1360"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" 1362Fra Lippo Lippi 1367The Last Ride Together 1375Andrea Del Sarto 1378Two in the Campagna 1384A Woman's Last Word 1385Caliban Upon Setebos 1387Epilogue to Asolando 1393

CHARLES DICKENS 1394A Christmas Carol 1396from A Walk in a Workhouse 1444

COMPANION READINGSDickens at Work: Recollections by His Children and Friends 1448Kate Field: Dickens Giving a Reading of A Christmas Carol 1450

Popular Short Fiction 1452

ELIZABETH GASKELL 1452Our Society at Cranford 1453

ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON 1467Thrawn Janet 1468

THOMAS HARDY 1476The Withered Arm 1477

SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE 1495

A Scandal in Bohemia 1495

EDITH NESBIT 1510

Fortunatus Rex & Co. 1511

GEORGE ELIOT 1521Brother Jacob 1522Margaret Fuller and Mary Wollstonecraft 1548

Contents xxi

JOHN RUSKIN 1553Modern Painters 1554

from Definition of Greatness in Art 1554from Of Water, As Painted by Turner 1555from Of Modern Landscape 1556

The Stones of Venice 1560from The Nature of Gothic 1560

from Modern Manufacture and Design 1570Praeterita 1573

Preface 1573from The Springs of Wandel 1574from Herne-Hill Almond Blossoms 1576from Schaffhausen and Milan 1578from The Grande Chartreuse 1580from Joanna's Care 1582

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 1583Cassandra 1583

PERSPECTIVES: VICTORIAN LADIES AND GENTLEMEN 1600FRANCIS POWER COBBE 1602

from Life of Frances Power Cobbe As Told by Herself 1602SARAH STICKNEY ELLIS 1606

from The Women of England: Their Social Duties and Domestic Habits 1606CHARLOTTE BRONTE 1609

from Letter to Emily Bronte 1609ANNE BRONTE 1611

from Agnes Grey 1611JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1612

from The Idea of a University 1612CAROLINE NORTON 1613

from A Letter to the Queen 1614THOMAS HUGHES 1616

from Tom Brown's School Days 1616HARRIET MARTINEAU 1618

from What Women Are Educated For 1618ISABELLA BEETON 1621

from The Book of Household Management 1621QUEEN VICTORIA 1623

Letters and Journal Entries on the Position of Women 1623CHARLES KINGSLEY 1628

from Letters and Memories 1628SIR HENRY NEWBOLT 1629

Vital Lampada 1629

MATTHEW ARNOLD 1630Isolation. To Marguerite 1632To Marguerite—Continued 1633

xxii Contents

Dover Beach 1634Lines Written in Kensington Gardens 1635The Buried Life 1636Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse 1638The Scholar-Gipsy 1643East London 1649West London 1649 „Thyrsis 1650 . ..The Function of Criticism at the Present Time 1656Culture and Anarchy 1673

from Sweetness and Light 1673from Doing as One Likes 1675from Hebraism and Hellenism 1681from Porro Unum Est Necessarium 1683from Conclusion 1686

from The Study of Poetry 1687

DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI 1693

The Blessed.Damozel 1694The Woodspurge 1698The House of Life 1699

The Sonnet 16994. Lovesight 16996. The Kiss 1699Nuptial Sleep 1700

The Burden of Nineveh 1700

CHRISTINA ROSSETTI 1705

Song ("She sat and sang alway") 1706Song ("When I am dead, my dearest") 1706Remember 1707After Death 1707A Pause 1707Echo 1708Dead Before Death 1708Cobwebs 1709A Triad 1709In an Artist's Studio 1709 " .,.,A Birthday 1710An Apple-Gathering 1710Winter: My Secret 1711Up-Hill 1712Goblin Market 1712"No, Thank You, John" 1724Promises Like Pie-Crust 1725 ' • . . .In Progress 1725What I Would Give? 1726A Life's Parallels 1726

Contents xxiii

Later Life17 ("Something this foggy day, a something which") 1726

Sleeping at Last 1727

WILLIAM MORRIS 1727The Defence of Guenevere 1728The Haystack in the Floods 1735from The Beauty of life 1739

ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE 1745The Leper 1746The Triumph of Time 1750

I Will Go Back to the Great Sweet Mother 1750Itylus 1751 .Hymn to Proserpine 1752A Forsaken Garden 1755The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell 1757

WALTER PATER 1758The Renaissance 1759

Preface 1759from Leonardo da Vinci 1762Conclusion 1763

from The Child in the House 1765Appreciations 1771

from Syle 1771

GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS 1777God's Grandeur 1778The Starlight Night 1779 ;Spring 1779The Windhover 1780Pied Beauty 1780Hurrahing in Harvest 1780 . . .Binsey Poplars 1781Duns Scotus's Oxford 1781Felix Randal 1782Spring and Fall: to a young child 1782As Kingfishers Catch Fire 1783[Carrion Comfort] 1783No Worst, There Is None 1784I Wake and Feel the Fell of Dark, Not Day 1784That Nature Is a Heraclitean Fire and of the Comfort of the

Resurrection 1784Thou Art Indeed Just, Lord 1785from Journal [On "Inscape" and "Instress"] 1786from Letter to R. W. Dixon [On Sprung Rhythm] 1788

xxiv Contents

RUDYARD KIPLING 1789Without Benefit of Clergy 1790

JUST SO STORIES 1804How the Whale Got His Throat 1804How the Camel Got His Hump 1806

Gunga Din 1808The Widow at Windsor 1810Recessional 1811If— 1812

PERSPECTIVES: TRAVEL AND EMPIRE 1813FRANCES TROLLOPE 1814

from Domestic Manners of the Americans 1814ALEXANDER WILLIAM KINGLAKE 1820

from Eothen 1820SIR RICHARD FRANCIS BURTON 1827

from A Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah 1827ISABELLA BIRD 1832

from A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains 1832SIR HENRY MORTON STANLEY 1839

from Through the Dark Continent 1839MARY KINGSLEY 1846

from Travels in West Africa 1846

OSCAR WILDE 1854Impression du Matin 1856The-Harlot's House 1857Symphony in Yellow 1858from The Decay of Lying 1858from The Soul of Man Under Socialism 1873Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray 1881The Importance of Being Earnest 1882Aphorisms 1922from De Profundis 1924

COMPANION READINGH. Montgomery Hyde: from The Trials of Oscar Wilde 1931

PERSPECTIVES: AESTHETICISM, DECADENCE, AND.THEFIN DE SIECLE 1936

W. S. GILBERT 1938If You're Anxious for to Shine in the High Aesthetic Line 1938

JAMES ABBOTT MCNEILL WHISTLER 1940

from Mr. Whistler's "Ten O'clock" 1941

Contents xxv

"MICHAEL FIELD" (KATHARINE BRADLEY AND EDITH COOPER) 1945

La Gioconda 1946

A Pen-Drawing of Leda 1946

"A Girl" 1946 • . • •

ADALEVERSON 1947

Suggestion 1947ARTHUR SYMONS 1952

Pastel 1953

White Heliotrope 1953 • • • . . .

from The Decadent Movement in Literature 1954from Preface to Silhouettes 1955

RICHARD LE GALLIENNE 1956

A Ballad of London 1956LIONEL JOHNSON 1957

The Destroyer of a Soul 1958 . ;The Dark Angel 1958A Decadent's Lyric I960

LORD ALFRED DOUGLAS I960

In Praise of Shame 1961Two Loves 1961Impression de Nuit 1963

OUVE CUSTANCE (LADY ALFRED DOUGLAS) 1963

The Masquerade 1964 . .Statues 1965The White Witch 1965

AUBREY BEARDSLEY 1966

The Ballad of a Barber 1966 . .MAXBEERBOHM 1969

Enoch Soames 1969

The Twentieth Century 1990

JOSEPH CONRAD 2013

Preface to The Nigger of the "Narcissus" 2016Heart of Darkness 2018

COMPANION READINGSJoseph Conrad: from Congo Diary 2072Sir Henry Morton Stanley: from Address to the Manchester Chamber

of Commerce 2074Gang of Four: We Live As We Dream, Alone 2079

THOMAS HARDY 2080

Hap 2081Neutral Tones 2082Wessex Heights 2082The Darkling Thrush 2083On the Departure Platform 2084

xxvi Contents

The Convergence of the Twain 2084At Castle Boterel 2085Channel Firing 2086In Time of "The Breaking of Nations" 2087I Looked Up from My Writing 2087"And There Was a Great Calm" 2088Logs on the Hearth 2089The Photograph 2090The Fallow Deer at the Lonely House 2090Afterwards 2091Epitaph 2091

BERNARD SHAW 2092Preface to Major Barbara 2095Major Barbara 2119

COMPANION READINGEmmeline Pankhurst: Address 2178

Shakes Versus Shav 2182

LETTERSTo Francis CoUison (20 August 1903) 2186To Eleanor Robson (13 April 1905) 2187To Louis Calvert (23 July 1905) 2188To Louis Calvert (29 November 1905) 2188To William Stead (13 December 1905) 2189To The Times (31 October 1906) 2189

PERSPECTIVES: THE GREAT WAR: CONFRONTING

THE MODERN 2191BLAST 2191

Vorticist Manifesto 2193Rebecca West: Indissoluble Matrimony 2207Ezra Pound: The New Cake of Soap 2224Ezra Pound: Salutation the Third 2225

RUPERT BROOKE 2226

The Soldier 2226T. E. LAWRENCE 2226

from The Seven Pillars of Wisdom 2227SIEGFRIED SASSOON 2239

Glory of Women 2240Everyone Sang 2240

WILFRED OWEN 2241

Anthem for Doomed Youth 2241Strange Meeting 2242Duke Et Decorum Est 2242

ISAAC ROSENBERG 2243

Break of Day in the Trenches 2244DAVID JONES 2244

from In Parenthesis 2245

Contents xxvii

KATHERINE MANSFIELD 2265

The Daughters of the Late Colonel 2266ROBERT GRAVES 2279

from Goodbye to All That 2280

SPEECHES ON IRISH INDEPENDENCE 2295

Charles Stewart Parnell 2296At Limerick 2296Before the House of Commons 2296At Portsmouth, After the Defeat of Mr. Gladstone's Home Rule Bill 2298Speech Delivered in Committee Room No. 15 2299

Proclamation of the Irish Republic 2299Padraic Pearse 2300

Kilmainham Prison 2300Michael Collins 2301

The Substance of Freedom 2301

WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 2 3 0 5

The Lake Isle of Innisfree 2308Who Goes with Fergus? 2309No Second Troy 2309The Fascination of What's Difficult 2309The Wild Swans at Coole 2310Easter 1916 2310The Second Coming 2312A Prayer for My Daughter 2313Sailing to Byzantium 2315Meditations in Time of Civil War 2315Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen 2320Leda and the Swan 2323Among School Children 2324Byzantium 2325Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop 2326Lapis Lazuli 2327The Circus Animals' Desertion 2328Under Ben Bulben 2329

JAMES JOYCE 2 3 3 2

DUBLINERS 2335Eveline 2335Clay 2338Ivy Day in the Committee Room 2342The Dead 2352

Ulysses 2379[Chapter 7. Aeolus] 2380

xxviii Contents

Finnegans Wake and a First-Draft Version of Finnegans Wake 2405[The Fall] 2406[Shem the Penman] 2409[Anna Livia Plurabelle] 2414 >

T. S. ELIOT 2417

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 2420COMPANION READINGSArthur Waugh: [Cleverness and the New Poetry] 2423Ezra Pound: Drunken Helots and Mr. Eliot 2425

Gerontion 2427The Waste Land 2429Journey of the Magi 2442Four Quartets 2443

Burnt Norton 2443Tradition and the Individual Talent 2447

VIRGINIA WOOLF 2 4 5 3

Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street 2455The Lady in the Looking-Glass: A Reflection 2461from A Room of One's Own 2464from Three Guineas 2499from The Diaries 2514

PERSPECTIVES: BLOOMSBURY AND M O D E R N I S M 2527LYTTON STRACHEY 2528

from Eminent Victorians 2529E. M. FORSTER 2543

ADRIFT IN INDIAThe Nine Gems of Ujjain 2544Advance, India! 2546Jodhpur 2548The Suppliant 2550

ROGER FRY 2552

Culture and Snobbism 2552VIRGINIA WOOLF 2559

Letter to Vanessa Bell 2559Letter to Gerald Brenan 2560Letter to Vita Sackville-West 2562

D. H. LAWRENCE 2 5 6 3

Piano 2565Song of a Man Who Has Come Through 2565Tortoise Shout 2566Snake 2568Bavarian Gentians 2570

Contents xxix

The Fox 2571Surgery for the Novel—or a Bomb 2614from Etruscan Places 2617

EVELYN WAUGH 2 6 2 6

Cruise 2626COMPANION READINGMonty Python: Travel Agent 2630

GRAHAM GREENE 2633

A Chance for Mr Lever 2633

P. G. WODEHOUSE 2643

Strychnine in the Soup 2644

W. H. AUDEN 2656

Musee des Beaux Arts 2658In Memory of W. B. Yeats 2658Spain 1937 2660Lullaby 2662September 1, 1939 2663In Praise of Limestone 2666Writing 2668

PERSPECTIVES: W O R L D W A R II AND THE E N D OF

EMPIRE 2678SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL 2679

Two Speeches Before the House of Commons 2680STEPHEN SPENDER 2687

Icarus 2688What I Expected 2688The Express 2689The Pylons 2689

ELIZABETH BOWEN 2690 :Mysterious Kor 2690

GEORGE ORWELL 2700

from Inside the Whale 2701Politics and the English Language 2708

SALMAN RUSHDIE 2717

Outside the Whale 2717Chekov and Zulu 2726

DYLAN THOMAS 2736

The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower 2737Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night 2738Return Journey 2738

xxx Contents

SAMUEL BECKETT 2745

Krapp's Last Tape 2747Texts for Nothing 2752

4 ("Where would I go, if I could go, who would I be, if I could be") 27528 ("Only the words break the silence, all other sounds have ceased") 2754

The Expelled 2756

V. S. NAIPAUL 2763In a Free State 2764

Prologue, from a Journal: The Tramp at Piraeus 2764Epilogue, from a Journal: The Circus at Luxor 2772

HANIF KUREISHI 2777

My Beautiful Laundrette 2778

MARGARET DRABBLE 2 8 2 3

The Gifts of War 2823

PHILIP LARKIN 2831

Church Going 2832High Windows 2834Talking in Bed 2834MCMXTV 2835from Preface to All What Jazz 2835

PERSPECTIVES: WHOSE LANGUAGE? 2842SEAMUS HEANEY 2843

Feeling into Words 2844MEDBH MCGUCKIAN 2857

Mr. McGregor's Garden 2857The Dream-Language of Fergus 2858Coleridge 2859

NUALA NI DHOMHNAILL 2859

Feeding a Child 2860Parthenogenesis 2861Labasheedy (The Silken Bed) 2862As for the Quince 2863Why I Choose to Write in Irish, The Corpse That Sits Up and Talks Back 2864

NADINE GORDIMER 2872

What Were You Dreaming? 2873JAMES KELMAN 2879

Home for a Couple of Days 2880DEREK WALCOTT 2888

A Far Cry from Africa 2889Wales 2890

Contents xxxi

The Fortunate Traveller 2890Midsummer 2895

50 ("I once gave my daughters, separately, two conch shells") 289552 ("I heard them marching the leaf-wet roads of my head") 289654 ("The midsummer sea, the hot pitch road, this grass, these shacks

that made me") 2896

Political and Religious Orders 2899

Money, Weights, and Measures 2905

Literary and Cultural Terms 2907

Bibliographies 2931

Credits 2969

Index 2973