The Livestock & Fish Program

Tom Randolph

Nicaragua Dairy Value Chain Planning MeetingManagua, 5 August 2013

The challenge

• Can research accelerate livestock and aquaculture development to benefit the poor?

– Mixed record to date

– Systematic under-investment

– Also related to our research-for-development model?

• Focus on increasing productivity of small-scale production and marketing systems

– ‘by the poor’ poverty reduction

– ‘for the poor’ food security

Managing a smoother transition out of agriculture

• Estimates for smallholders in Africa and Latin America (Wiggins 2012; Dorward 2009) :

• Can 2/3 be enabled to develop into commercial producers, accumulate capital and transition out of agriculture?

deeper rural economic growth avoid social disruption

(Johnston et al. 1995)

1/3 Will ‘step up’ to become commercial farmers

1/3 Will ‘step out’ and work for other, go to the city

1/3 Could go either way

But productivity gap remains despite investment in livestock development

0.060.08

0.03

0.17

0.06

0.11

0.04

0.2

Meat (kg output/kg biomass/yr)

1980

2005

Africa

Latin Americ

a

South

Asia

Industrial

ized Count...

4111021

517

4226

397

1380904

6350Milk (kg/cow/yr)

19802005

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

Solutions developed for isolated issues in specific settings, but ignoring other constraints in the value chain that discourage uptake

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

...in Country A

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

...in Country D

...in Country C

...in Country B

Why haven’t we had more impact?Is it the piecemeal nature of our research?

A smarter approach?

Drawing from recent experiences, can we accelerate research to impact?

Strategic L&F CRP Cross-cutting Platforms• Technology Generation• Market Innovation• Targeting & Impact

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing ConsumersR4D integrated to transform selected

value chains In targeted

commodities and countries.

Value chain development team + research partners

GLOBAL RESEARCH PUBLIC GOODS

INTERVENTIONS TO SCALE OUT REGIONALLY

#1: Addressing the whole value chain

Major intervention with development partners

Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact

#2: Working directly to design and support intervention at scale

#3: In partnership with development actors

#4 Focus, focus, focus! Working in 8 target value chains accountability

PIGS

AQUACULTURE

SHEEP & GOATS

DAIRYDUAL-PURPOSE

CATTLE

Our engagement in a value chain embodies our impact pathwayApproach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact

Year 1 Year 8-12

Program horizon in a target value chain

Rela

tive

degr

ee o

f inv

olve

men

t Research partners

Development partners

AssessmentMobilizationBest bets

ExperimentsEvaluationEvidence

DesignPiloting

LessonsContext

AdvocacyDissemination

Attracting investment

Implementing large-scale interventions

Knowledge partner

Along the impact pathway PIPELINE

DEVELOPMENT

Strategic partners

Global

Regional

Local

• CARE• SNV• Novus

• FAO• NGOs (CRS,Heifer, ..)• Private Sector

• TechnoServe• Etc.

RESEARCH

Global

Regional

Local

• SLU (Sw)• Wageningen UR

• CATIE

• UNA• INTA

Our proposition

Increased access to animal-source foods for the poor, especially women and children, can be achieved at scale by strengthening carefully selected meat, milk and fish value chains in which the poor can capture a significant share of the benefits. Technologies and lessons generated through this focused approach will be applicable in broader regional and global settings.

More meat, milk and fish by and for the poor

Research outputs to global development goalsMDGs - SDGs

12-18 yearsCGIAR System Level

Outcomes Livestock & Fish goals

Intermediate Development Outcomes+ Target statements + Theory of Change9-12 years

Value Chain Impact Pathway VC1 Nicaragua VC2 Uganda VC3 India etc.

Δ behaviour direct benefit 3-yr milestones

0-12 years

CRP Activities + Outputs (research, capacity building, engagement)

IPG Impact PathwayEnabling

Environment3-yr milestones

Research outputs to global development goalsMDGs - SDGs

12-18 years SLO1 Reduce Poverty

CRP goals

IDO6 Better policies9-12 years

Value Chain Impact Pathway 0-12 years

CRP Activities + Outputs • Actionable options• Engagement/transformation Process• Evidence base

IPG Impact Pathway

SLO2 Food Security

SLO3 Nutrition & Health

SLO4 Environment

IDO5 Environmental benefits

IDO4 Reduce nutrient gap

IDO3 More employment

& income, esp. for women

IDO1 Improved productivity

IDO2 More & better supply

IDO7 More forage?

Status• Partnership of 4 CGIAR Centers

• Officially started January 1st, 2012

• Forming core team

• Developing strategy by component and value chain

• Identifying strategic partners

• Consolidating ongoing activities

Nicaragua Value ChainProgress so far

• VC Analysis (on-going)• Bilateral projects being implemented • Proposal Development• Institutional linkages

• Key achievements in 2012 and 2013– Funding partly secured through bilateral projects (recent: ADA,

FSP-Solidaridad– Preliminary analysis value chain (workshops)– Development of innovative concepts related to the dairy value

chain, including carbon insetting and combining forage options with agroforestry practices

Nicaragua Value ChainPartners and other major actors• Research institutes: CATIE

• Government: Ministry of Agriculture, INTA

• Famers associations – cooperatives (CONAGAN, UNAG, NicaCentro)

• Sector organizations – CANISLAC, CANICARNE

• Private sector – Dairy and meat processing (Centrolac, Eskimo, MACESA, San Martin)

• Universities (national: UNA, UCA; international: Florida, Mississippi)

• Development organizations, NGOs, consultants – CRS, Heifer, Solidaridad, TechnoServe

Nicaragua Value ChainBilateral projects activities in 2014

THEME DONOR SINCE

Integration of new forage hybrids to intensify agriculture and to mitigate climate change through regulation of nitrification in soil

BMZ Mid 2012

Dry season forage options and dairy processing USDA through CRS

Starting

Increasing the productivity of dual-purpose cattle in Nicaragua through use of appropriate breed types and application of best husbandry practices

ADA Starting

Sustainable grassland intensification through ecosystem services and improved grazing management strategies

USAID Starting

Competitive beef and dairy through sustainable intensification and specialized market access

Netherlands Government (FSP) / Solidaridad

Starting

Nicaragua Value ChainMain activities expected in 2014

• Refined VCA tools developed (2013)• Situational analysis implemented using VCA tools• Dual-purpose productivity improved in target areas• Ecosystem services identified and validated (e.g.,

carbon insetting) to increase natural resource integrity and generate income

• Cattle farmers with acquired knowledge and implementing good farm management practices

Nicaragua Value ChainMain challenges we are facing

• Sustained funding (flagship) – developing concept notes and proposals

• Critical mass – hiring staff, collaboration/integration with other CRPs and partners (e.g., CATIE, Heifer)

• Knowledge/Expertise – hiring specialized staff, collaboration with other CRPs, partners

• Partner involvement – workshops, communicating results, “advocacy”

• Effective impact pathways – workshops, consultations with partners/ vc actors

CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.

CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish

livestockfish.cgiar.org