the lightcraft project
DESCRIPTION
The Lightcraft Project. Nette Brocks Columbia High School. Introduction. “The industry concerned with the design and manufacture of aircraft, rockets, missiles, spacecraft, etc.”. Introduction. A rocket is “any device propelled by the ejection of matter” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Lightcraft Project
Nette BrocksColumbia High School
![Page 2: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
![Page 3: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“The industry concerned with the design and manufacture of aircraft, rockets, missiles,
spacecraft, etc.”
![Page 4: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
IntroductionA rocket is “any device propelled
by the ejection of matter”Challenge= finding the cheapest
and most efficient fuel that can be ejected
Chemical fuelsAlready operate at efficiencies so
high that progress may be physically unattainable
![Page 5: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
IntroductionBeamed Energy Propulsion (BEP)
for an “era beyond oil”Electromagnetic energy is beamed
from a remote source to a craft for direct conversion into thrust
The majority of system mass is left on the ground
![Page 6: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Introduction
![Page 7: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Introduction
![Page 8: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Introduction
![Page 9: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Introduction
30 km
![Page 10: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Review of Literature Dumas, Larry N., and Amy L. Walton.
"Faster, Better, Cheaper: An Industrial View." Acta Astronautica Vol. 47 (2000): 607-621. Print.Discussed the “new approach featuring
focused, technically sophisticated, fast track missions.”
Davis, Eric W., and Franklin B. Mead. "Review of Laser Lightcraft Propulsion System (Preprint)." (2007). Print.Explained the motives, configuration, benefits,
life-cycle cost, estimated future costs, and Demonstration Program behind the Lightcraft
![Page 11: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Review of Literature“Ground and Flight Tests of a Laser
Propelled Vehicle,” Elucidated the experiments of the new
technology“Flight Experiments and Evolutionary
Development of a Laser Propelled, Trans-atmospheric Vehicle” Summarized the background, technology
design, and testing results of the concept.
![Page 12: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Review of LiteratureSalvador, Israel I., and Leik N. Myrabo.
"Airbreathing Hypersonic Laser Thermal Propulsion Experiments with a Lightcraft Vehicle- Status Update." PrintSuggested that the formation of blast waves was
dependent of ignition surfaceKenoyer, David A., Israel Salvador, Leik N.
Myrabo, Samuel N. Notaro, and P. W. Pragulla. "Experimental Investigation of Axial and Beam-Riding Propulsive Physics with TEA CO2 Laser." Print.Tested lateral impulses
![Page 13: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hypothesis
![Page 14: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Methods and Materials: Schlieren
Two Lumonics K-922M CO2 TEA lasers were fired
Laser 1 has 17 Jewels per shot; Laser 2 has 13 Jewels per shot
The beams reflected off a series of mirrors and hit a flat plate in unison
The flat plate set at 45º, 25º, and 0º angles to mimic different Lightcraft geometries
![Page 15: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Methods and Materials- Schlieren
Various plate angles to determine if blast wave characteristics are independent of ignition surface
![Page 16: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Methods and Materials: AIMDAngular Impulse Measuring Device
Lateral impulsesThe Lightcraft was attached to the AIMD in an
extended and a retracted position
The center of the Lightcraft was offset in increments of 5 mm The offsets represented a range of -10% to
+55% of the engine diameter
![Page 17: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Methods and Materials-AIMD
Laser 1 fired
An oscilloscope, attached to the AIMD, recorded the motion of the test engine
![Page 18: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Methods and Materials: AIMD
![Page 19: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Calculations: AIMDEquations derived using the Equations of
Motion
rc2= distance from spin axis to impulse (extended)=.1135 m
rc1= distance from spin axis to impulse (retracted)=.0786 m
IR= moment of inertia of the motorω=Angular velocity at moment after impulse;
in radians per second
12
))(())(( )()(
cc
retractedRextendedR
rrIIimpulse retractedextended
![Page 23: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Calculations: AIMDIR= moment of inertia of the motor
Extended= 2.336E-4 Nms2
Retracted= 9.804E-5 Nms2
used the equationK=spring constant=155.1N/mr= spring distance from the spin axis
= .04604 mT=period (s)
Extended=0.1675Retracted=0.1085
2
22
)2( TKrIR
![Page 24: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Calculations: AIMDω=Angular velocity at moment after
impulse; in radians per secondThe oscilloscope measured volts and
secondsData was transferred from the
oscilloscope to an excel chartBy taking the slope (volts/seconds) of
the output voltage vs. time plot and converting using a known calibration (0.1367 volts = 1 radian), angular velocity in radians/second was calculated
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 25: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Calculations: AIMDSince the angular velocity and the
resulting slope changed rapidly with time, the range over which the slope was determined was reduced to a small range immediately after the laser pulse (E325:E425, D325:D425)
At the -10mm offset this domain yielded error; in this case the slope function was restricted to (E340:E425, D340:D425)
![Page 26: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Calculations: AIMDOnce impulse was calculated using
this information, it was multiplied by a factor of 1000000/17 to produce the momentum coupling coefficient
The momentum coupling coefficient is equal to force thrust divided by beam power
![Page 27: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Results: AIMD
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
-40 -20 0 20 40 60
Cm (N
/MW
)
Offset in Millimeters
Graph 1: Cm(N/MW) v. Offset in Millimeters
Original #200-2/3 w/Delrin (Brocks)#200-2/3 Delrin (Kenoyer)
#200-2/3 Airbreathing(Kenoyer)#200-2/3 w/Delrin(Brocks)
![Page 28: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Results: AIMD
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
-40 -20 0 20 40 60
CM (N
/MW
)
Offset in Millimeters
Graph 2: CM (N/MW) v. Offset in Millimeters
Original #200-2/3 w/Delrin (Brocks)
#200-2/3 Delrin(Kenoyer)
#200-2/3 Airbreathing(Kenoyer)
#200-2/3 w/Delrin(Brocks)
![Page 29: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Discussion
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 30: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ConclusionBoth hypothesizes were supported
The inside of the shroud was lined with Delrin, and 00.028 grams were ablated during AIMD testingChipping of the propellant caused irregular
results
![Page 31: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Thanks toDr. David KenoyerDr. Israel SalvadorDr. Leik MyraboMs. Heidi GleasonMs. StraussOlder and current Science
Research studentsFriends and family
![Page 32: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Bibliography “Aerospace.” Dictionary.com. Website. Aldrin, Buzz, and David Nolan. "A Bolder Mission." August 2009. Popular Mechanics. Print. Chaikin, Andrew. “For Neil Armstrong, the First Moon Walker, It Was All About Landing the
Eagle.” Davis, Eric W., and Franklin B. Mead. "Review of Laser Lightcraft Propulsion System
(Preprint)." (2007). Print. Discovery Channel. NASA in Your Home. Discovery Channel. Website. 12 Dec. 2009.
http://www.dsc.discovery.com/tu/nasa/home-and-city/home-and-city-html. Dumas, Larry N., and Amy L. Walton. "Faster, Better, Cheaper: An Industrial View." Acta Astronautica Vol. 47 (2000): 607-621. Print. Edwards, Owen. “One Giant Leap.” Smithosian. Website. Goldwasser, Samuel M. "Sam's Laser FAQ - Laser Safety." Sci.Electronics.Repair FAQ: Home
Page (Drexel ECE Mirror). Web. 08 Oct. 2010. <http://repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu/sam/lasersaf.htm#safyor0>.
HowStuffWorks. Website. 12 Dec. 2009. http://www.science.howstuffworks.com/nasa-inventions.htm.
Kenoyer, David A. "Combined Experimental and Numerical Investigations into Laser Propulsion Engineering Physics." Diss. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2010. Print.
Kenoyer, David A., Israel Salvador, Leik N. Myrabo, Samuel N. Notaro, and P. W. Pragulla. "Experimental Investigation of Axial and Beam-Riding Propulsive Physics with TEA CO2 Laser." Print.
Kenoyer, David A. Personal interview. 23 July 2010. "Laser-powered Jet Engine." Halfbakery. 14 Mar. 2008. Website. 28 Dec. 2010.
http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/Laser-powered_20Jet_20Engine.
![Page 33: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Bibliography Lightcraft: A Laser Push to Orbit. Centauri Dreams. 14 Sep. 2009. Website. 14. Jan. 2010.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.centauri-dreams.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/lightcraft1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.centauri-dreams.org/%3Fp%3D9413&usg=__ZzH_L4UmMDSsCajgmC2vR7zpYHw=&h=342&w=500&sz=30&hl=en&start=10&tbnid=vGhTa_lLOEQvDM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DLightcraft%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive
Lord, Morgan. “NASA’s New Modular Spacesuit Wil Handle Any Mission.” Popular Mechanics August 2009. Website.
Mead, Franklin B., and Leik N. Myrabo "Flight Experiments and Evolutionary Development of a Laser Propelled, Trans-atmospheric Vehicle." (1998). Print.
Mirror.co.uk.Website. 12 Dec. 2009. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/topstories/2009/07/21. Oberg, James. “How we'll return to the Moon.” Astronomy August 2009: 37(8), 24-29.
Website. “Rocket.” The American Heritage Dictionary Of The English Language. New College Edition.
1978. Print. Salvador, Israel I., and Leik N. Myrabo. "Airbreathing Hypersonic Laser Thermal Propulsion Experiments
with a Lightcraft Vehicle- Status Update." Print Salvador, Israel I. "Static and Hypersonic Experimental Analysis of Impulse Generation in Air-
Breathing Laser-Thermal Propulsion." Diss. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2010. Print. Siuru, Bill. "Laser to Lift Lightcraft Into Space." Mechanical Engineering. Sept. 1990. 54-57.
Print. Simpson, Bruce. My Jet Engine Projects. 12 Apr. 2009. Website. 12 Dec. 2009.
http://www.aardvark.co.nz/pjet.
![Page 34: The Lightcraft Project](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081520/56815fb8550346895dceb3d1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Any questions?