the lhcf experiment verification of uhecr interaction by lhc
DESCRIPTION
The LHCf experiment Verification of UHECR interaction by LHC. Yoshitaka Itow Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University For the LHCf collaboration. High Energy Cosmic Ray Observations. 1 particle / m 2 s. Knee 1 particle / m 2 year. Extensive Air Shower experiments. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
The LHCf experiment
Verification of UHECR interaction by LHC
Yoshitaka Itow
Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University
For the LHCf collaboration
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
102010151010 (eV)
1 particle / m2s
Knee1 particle / m2year
Ankle1 particle / km2year
High EnergyCosmic Ray Observations
Extensive Air Showerexperiments
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Air Florescence telescope (FD)
Surface Detectors (SD)
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
AGASA (SD)
HiRes (FD)
AUGER (SD+FD)TA (SD+FD)
3000km2760km2
100km2
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
GZK or not ?
AUGER ICRC07
GZK cut off ? AUGER sees transition of spectrum index, however.. Discrepancy among existing experiments ? Energy scale? Composition ? Arrival direction ?
T.Yamamoto et al ICRC07,astro-ph/0707.2638
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Arrival directions of UHECRs in AUGER
UHECR = proton ?
Science 318 938 (2007)
27 UHECRs w/ E>5.7×1019eV have correlation to AGNs with 3.1 deg error circles.
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Composition at GZK region
QGSJETII-03 : proton
QGSJETII03 : Iron
SIBYL2.1 : proton
SIBYL2.1 : Iron
p or Fe ? is important to understand origin
M.Unger et al ICRC07,astro-ph/0706.1495
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Model dependence of air shower development
Atm. depth
#o
f p
art
icle
s
AUGER alt.
Model dependence
J.Knapp Astropart. Phys.19 (2003) 77 Surface detector would get uncertainty of E-scale (AGASA claims 20%)
Florescence should be OK ( a few %) for E-scale But FD SD problem
Composition uncertainty
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
① Inelastic cross section
② Forward energy spectrum (or Inelasticity k )
Shower development vs ① and (degenerated)②
If large k rapid developmentIf small k deep penetrating
If large rapid developmentIf small deep penetrating
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Forward production spectra vs Shower curve
Half of shower particles comes from large XF
Measurement at very forward region is needed
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Better understanding of UHECR air shower Inelastic cross section
Total and elastic cross section at LHC provided by diffractive proton measurement in “Roman-pod” experiments (i.e.TOTEM)
Low energy hadron interaction models should be also refined Forward production spectrum
Dominated by soft hadronic processes which are poorly known Need measurement by a zero-degree calorimeter
The LHCf experiment
Dedicated detector at LHC covering very forward
psuedorapidityη = −ln(tan( θ/ 2 ))
8.0 < < ∞
p pθ
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
IP1, ATLAS, LHCf
IP5, CMS
IP2, ALICE IP8, LHCb
LHC: 7TeV+7TeV collision 1017eV at lab frame First collision at 2008
LHCf experiment Measurement of and n at 0 deg at 1017eV Discriminate models (QGSJET, SIBYLL,EPOS etc.) Calibrate XF, PT, inelasticity etc. at 1017eV Dedicated detectors located at +-140m at IP1
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
The LHCf Collaboration
ITALYITALYFirenze University and INFN:Firenze University and INFN: O.Adriani,, L.Bonechi, O.Adriani,, L.Bonechi, M.Bongi, G.Castellini, M.Bongi, G.Castellini, R.D’Alessandro, P.PapiniR.D’Alessandro, P.PapiniCatania University and Catania University and INFN:INFN: A.Tricomi A.Tricomi
JAPAN:JAPAN:STE Laboratory Nagoya University:STE Laboratory Nagoya University:K.Fukui, Y.Itow, T.Mase, K.Fukui, Y.Itow, T.Mase, K.Masuda, Y. Matsubara, K.Masuda, Y. Matsubara, H.Menjo,T.Sako, K.Taki, H. H.Menjo,T.Sako, K.Taki, H. WatanabeWatanabeShibaura Institute of Technology:Shibaura Institute of Technology: K.YoshidaK.YoshidaKanagawa University: Kanagawa University: T.Tamura, T.Tamura, K.Tanaka K.Tanaka Konan University: Konan University: Y.MurakiY.MurakiWaseda University:Waseda University: K.Kasahara, K.Kasahara, K.Mizuishi, Y.Shimizu, S.ToriiK.Mizuishi, Y.Shimizu, S.Torii
SPAINSPAINIFIC Valencia:IFIC Valencia: A.Fauss, A.Fauss, J.VelascoJ.Velasco
FRANCEFRANCEEcole Politechnique Paris:Ecole Politechnique Paris:M. HaguenauerM. Haguenauer
USAUSALBNL Berkeley:LBNL Berkeley:W. TurnerW. Turner
CERNCERND.Macina, A.L. PerrotD.Macina, A.L. Perrot
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Letter Of Intent: May 2004Letter Of Intent: May 2004Technical report: September 2005Technical report: September 2005Technical Design Report: February 2006Technical Design Report: February 2006LHCC approval: June 7LHCC approval: June 7thth, 2006, 2006
Detector assembly,beam test: 2007Detector assembly,beam test: 2007Installation in the LHC tunnel: Feb 2008 Installation in the LHC tunnel: Feb 2008
The 6th approved experiment at LHC
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
LHCf experimental site
ATLAS
140m
LHCf Detector
IP1
140m95mm
Compact calorimeter
TAN absorber
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Detector #1
16 scintillator 16 scintillator layers (3 mm layers (3 mm
thick)thick)
Trigger and Trigger and energy profile energy profile measurementsmeasurements
AbsorberAbsorber
22 tungsten layers 7mm thick 22 tungsten layers 7mm thick 4 44 X4 X00 (1.6 (1.6 II)) in totalin total
(W: X(W: X00 = 3.5mm, R = 3.5mm, RMM = = 9mm)9mm)
4 pairs of4 pairs of scintillating fiber la scintillating fiber layers yers for tracking purpose (6, for tracking purpose (6, 10, 30, 42 r.l.)10, 30, 42 r.l.)
EnergyEnergy
Impact point Impact point (())2 towers 2 towers ~~24 cm 24 cm
long stacked long stacked vertically with 5 mm vertically with 5 mm gapgap
Lower:2 cm x 2 cm Lower:2 cm x 2 cm areaarea
Upper: 4 cm x 4 cm Upper: 4 cm x 4 cm areaarea
< 300 < 300 radrad
Compact to prevent multi particle hitsDouble stacks to tag 0 2
~4% for EM~30% for Hadrons
E/E =
Very compact EM shower
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Detector # 24 pairs of 4 pairs of silicon microstrip layerssilicon microstrip layers (6, 12, 30, 42 r.l.) for tracking purpose (6, 12, 30, 42 r.l.) for tracking purpose (X and Y) (X and Y) impact pointimpact point
We use LHC styleWe use LHC styleelectronics and readoutelectronics and readout
16 scintillator 16 scintillator layers (3 mm layers (3 mm thick)thick)
Trigger and Trigger and energy profile energy profile measurementsmeasurements
AbsorberAbsorber22 tungsten layers 7mm thick 22 tungsten layers 7mm thick 44 X44 X00 (1.6 (1.6 II) in total) in total
(W: X(W: X00 = 3.5mm, R = 3.5mm, RMM = = 9mm)9mm)
2 towers 24 cm long 2 towers 24 cm long stacked on their edges stacked on their edges and offset from one and offset from one anotheranother
Lower:2.5 cm x 2.5 cmLower:2.5 cm x 2.5 cm
Upper: 3.2 cm x 3.2 cmUpper: 3.2 cm x 3.2 cm < 400 < 400 radrad
Placed opposite side of detector#1
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Detectors already in hand and calibrated
Detector #1
Detector #2
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Acceptance
“450 rad” 140 rad xing angle“310 rad” 0 rad xing angle
Vertical scanning is available remotely
Beam pipe cut-view
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008Monte Carlo Monte Carlo ray energy spectrum ray energy spectrum (5% Energy resolution is taken into account)(5% Energy resolution is taken into account)
101055 events in events in 3min. !3min. ! (@10(@102929 cm cm-2-2ss-1-1 ) )
Shape analysis can discriminate SIBYLL from others (2 =135/67dof)
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Energy spectrum of π0 expected from different models
QGSJETII ⇔ DPMJET3 χ2= 106 (C.L. <10-6) ⇔ SIBYLL χ2= 83 (C.L. <10-6)DPMJET3 ⇔ SIBYLL χ2= 28 (C.L.= 0.024) 107events DOF = 17-2=15
10K 0 in 20 min @ L=1029cm-2s-1
m ~ 5%
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Model dependence of neutron energy distributionOriginal n energy 30% energy resolution30% energy resolution
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Typical event rate of LHCf @L=1029cm-2s-1
For L= 1029 cm-2s-1, ~ 10kHz inelastic collisions
0 hadrons
Rate 670 Hz
(at 2cm tower)
7 Hz 150 Hz
(at 2cm tower)
Time for
10k events
0.34 min. 29.5 min. 28.7 min
30% analysis efficiency Is assumed for hadrons
Very quick measurement !
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008From R. Bailey presentation at January 2007 TAN workshop From R. Bailey presentation at January 2007 TAN workshop
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008LHCf proposed running scenario 2008 : Phase-I ( During LHC commissioning )
Run since the very beginning of LHC operations (L<1031cm-2s-1, 43 bunches)
First 7TeV collision is expected in summer? 2008 The LHCf detector is not radiation-hard. But still 10Gy/days@L=10
29/cm2s for a week operation will not be a problem.
200? : Phase-II (Dedicated run ) Re-install the detector at the next opportunity of low luminosity ru
n ( Possibly with TOTEM run ) Enlarge covered PT region, more detail study
200? : Phase-III ( possible heavy ion run ) Nuclear effect plays an essential role in “muons” Future extension for p-A, A-A run with upgraded detectors?
So far approved
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Status of experiment Final calibration was done by SPS beam test (Sep 07) Both detectors were installed in TAN (Feb08) Doing In-situ calibration and detector commissioning Appear in official LHC web page (open official LHCf web)
See www.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/LHCf Design official LHCf logo
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Detector installation (Jan08)
Just 40 min. work
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Installed detector in TAN
Y.Itow, The LHCf experiment AIU08@KEK 14 / 03 / 2008
Summary Analyses of UHECR air showers rely on production m
odels at very forward, which should be experimentally verified at energy as high as possible. Even all current models may be wrong.
LHCf : Dedicated measurements of neutral particles at 0 deg by LHC, providing calibration of interaction models at 1017eV.
Approved parasite measurements by two small sampling calorimeters at +-140m from IP1 during LHC commissioning in 2008
Just “one day” measurement provides good discrimination of various models in the market.
All the detectors and electronics in hand. Calibration by SPS beam has been done. Now installed in LHC.
We are waiting for the LHC 1st collision !