the latest leadership theories - omar abu athra
TRANSCRIPT
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The Latest Leadership TheoriesPMI JORDAN CHAPTER SESSIONBY: OMAR ABU ATHRA
AUG 29,2015
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2Agenda
Myths About Leadership Topic Map Most Studied Leadership Theories Traditional Known Theories. Current Trend in Leadership New Known Theories
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3Myths About Leadership
Leadership is Management Leaders Are born (Great Man Theory) Leaders are Charismatic Leadership is Emotional Intelligence (EI) Leadership exists at Top only Leaders Control, Direct and Manipulate Leaders don’t learn
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4Topic Map
Entrance & Boundaries History & Development Models & Styles
Theories•Transformational•Traits•LMX•3 Level
Tools/Techniques•For Each Theory
Components•Vision•Leader•Followers Characteristics Creating Leaders
Pros & Cons
Field•Military•Gov.• IT•Health•Consultancy
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5Top Leadership Theories
Jessica Dinh, Robert Lord, and their colleagues recently published a most interesting study in The Leadership Quarterly.
Examined the top ten academic journals that published leadership research for a ten year period.
752 leadership research articles. 41 established leadership theories and 26 emerging theories, 67
overall
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6Top Leadership Theories – Results
transformational (20%) traits (16%) leader-member exchange (15%) Authentic leadership (4%) Behavioral approaches (2%) Servant leadership (1%) Contingency leadership theory (1%)
20
16
15
4 21 1
TransformationalTraitsLMXAuthentic Behavioral Servant Contingency
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7Transformational Theory
Downton 1973, James Burns 1978, Bass 1985 Four Major Leader Roles
Creates an inspiring vision of the future. Motivates and inspires people to engage with that vision. Manages delivery of the vision. Coaches and builds a team, so that it is more effective at achieving
the vision
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8Transformational Theory
Kouzes and Posner, The Leadership Challenge, 2002 over twenty years, asked seventy five thousand people a list of common characteristics of leaders Honest then Forward-looking then Competent then Inspiring Five successful leadership actions:
Model the way Inspire a shared vision Challenge the process Enable others to act Encourage the heart
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9Traits Theory
Ordway Tead (Would surely be an ideal leader) Physical and Nervous Energy A Sense of Purpose & Direction Enthusiasm Friendliness Integrity Technical Mastery Decisiveness (Sharp) Intelligence Teaching Skill Faith
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10Traits Theory
Limitations: Some leaders don’t have them. Situations Group effect Priorities between traits
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11Situational Leadership Theory
Developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard Matured in 1980s (Blanchard) Don’t Lead the all the same. Theory Core:
4 Development Levels (Competence / Commitment) 4 Styles of Behavior (Telling, Selling, Participating, Delegating)
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12Situational Leadership Theory
Vecchio (1987): conducted a study of more than 300 high school teachers and their principals
Fernandez and Vecchio (1997): Replication on University Employees
Only one styles succeeded (S1: Telling) The other Three Styles failed. Distraction from Mission / Vision.
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13The Behavioral Theory
Skinner: Father of Behavioral theory (Reward/Punishment) Successful leadership is based in definable, learnable behavior do not seek inborn traits or capabilities. Rather, they look at what
leaders actually do success can be defined in terms of describable actions assumes that leadership capability can be learned, rather than
being inherent (Difference from Traits) Care about people vs. care about work
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14The Behavioral Theory - DISC
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15Servant Leadership
Greenleaf first coined the phrase "servant leadership" in 1970 Team members needs before yours struggle to earn respect focusing on other people's needs – not their feelings As A leader:
acknowledge other people's perspectives give them the support they need meet their work and personal goals involve them in decisions where appropriate build a sense of community within your team
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16Servant Leadership
10 most important characteristics of servant leaders: Listening. Empathy. Healing. Awareness. Persuasion. Conceptualization (dream great dreams) Foresight (See the future). Stewardship. Commitment to the growth of people. Building community.
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17Shared Leadership
Synonyms: Distributed, Horizontal, Collective, Team "serial emergence" of multiple leaders over the life of a team Lead each other Shared leadership occurs when two or more members engage in
the leadership of the team in an effort to influence and direct fellow members to maximize team effectiveness (Bergman, 2012)
Big challenges in organizations can’t be solved by a leader who claims to know everything.
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18Shared Leadership
Three dimensions (Carson et al. (2007): Shared purpose Social support Voice
Supporting Studies (Wang, 2014 and Muethel, 2012). Challenges:
Lack of formality High Quality Team
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19LMX - Leadership Theory
Leader-Member Exchange Theory. Evolved from an earlier theory called the vertical
dyad linkage (VDL) model conceptualizes leadership as a process Centered on the interactions between a leader and
subordinates The Leader provides certain benefits such as task
guidance, advice, support, and/or significant rewards The followers reciprocate by giving the leader respect,
cooperation, commitment to the task and good performance
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20LMX - Leadership Theory
Two Type of Exchange In-group members
high-quality exchanges with the leader more information, influence, confidence & concern more dependable, highly involved & communicative
Out-group members low-quality exchanges with the leader less compatible with Leader usually just come to work, do their job & go home
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213-Levels Leadership Theory
Emerged 2011 by James Scouller. Focusses on developing leaders in all areas (Leadership Presence). The two outer levels – Must do behaviorally with individuals or groups:
A shared, motivating group purpose or vision. Action, progress and results. Collective unity or team spirit. Individual selection and motivation.
The inner level : Developing one’s technical knowhow and skill. Cultivating the right attitude toward other people. Working on psychological self-mastery.
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223-Levels Leadership– Public
34 distinct public leadership behaviors: Setting the vision, staying focused Organizing, planning, giving power to others Problem-solving, decision-making Executing Group building and maintenance Leaders need to balance their time between the 22
vision/planning/thinking/execution behaviors and the 12 group building/maintenance behaviors
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233-Levels Theory – Private
14 private leadership behaviors: Individual purpose and task (e.g. appraising, selecting, disciplining) Individual building and maintenance (e.g. recognizing rising talent)
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243-Levels of Leadership
Leadership Presence Limitations:
Still Not Mature Not Widely accepted Tries to collect all previous theories
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25The 5 Levels of Leadership Theory
By Jim Collins, 2001 (Harvard Business Review article) Improved by: John C. Maxwell, 2011 (The 5 Levels of Leadership:
Proven Steps to Maximize Your Potential) leaders have humility, don't seek success for their own glory share credit for success, the first to accept blame for mistakes. often shy, but fearless when it comes to making decisions,
especially ones that most other people consider risky
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26The 5 Levels of Leadership
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27Other Recent Theories
The 108 Skills of Natural Born Leaders: Warren Blank Authentic Leadership Lewin's leadership styles (Shared) Likert's leadership styles (Shared) Vroom and Yetton's Normative Model (Situational)