1950-1953 Korean War. Australia responded to a United Nations call to defend South Korea from invasion.1951 School of the Air established to educate isolated children.1951 Australia signed the Anzus Treaty, a cooperative military alliance, with the USA and New Zealand. 1951 Myxomatosis greatly reduced the number of rabbits.1952 Joan Sutherland, the great operatic soprano, made her debut. 1952 The Victa mower developed by Victor Richardson.1952 Lang Hancock discovered iron ore in the Hamersley Range, Western Australia. 1953 Atomic bomb tests conducted at Maralinga in South Australia.1954 Queen Elizabeth II visited Australia, the first visit by a reigning monarch.1954 The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, including Australia, set up to give greater security to South East Asia.1955 Barry Humphries’ character ‘Dame Edna Everage’ made her debut.1956 Olympic Games were held in Melbourne.1956 First television broadcasts in Sydney and Melbourne, in time for the Melbourne Olympics. 1957 David Warren developed the ‘black box’ to determine causes of aircraft crashes. 1957 Federal Council for Advancement of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders founded.1959 Australia’s population reached 10 million, including 1.5 million post World War II migrants.

1960-1969 1.3 million people arrived in Australia as new settlers, mostly from Europe, bringing great change to Australian society.1960 Sir Macfarlane Burnet awarded the Nobel Prize for immunology. His work influenced research into DNA.1962 A.W. Faber-Castell established a base in Australia, expanding its strong, international environmental and recycling policies. 1962 Commonwealth Electoral Act amended to give the vote to all Aboriginal people. 1964 The Beatles visited Australia, drawing hysterical crowds. 1965 Queensland was the last state to revoke legislation on the forcible removal of Aboriginal children from their families.1965 Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex, Tidbinbilla, opened, one of three key elements of America’s Deep Space Network. 1965-1972 Australian forces, as part of allied forces with USA, served in Vietnam. 1966 Decimal currency, dollars and cents, introduced.1967 Australia became the third country to launch a satellite from its own land, from Woomera Rocket Range.1967 Referendum ensured that Aboriginal people are included in the census and the Federal government enabled to pass laws for Aboriginal people. 90.8% of people voted ‘yes’.1969 Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station at Parkes provided the first pictures of man walking on the Moon.

1981 Immigration from Asian countries increased and has continued.1983 Australia won the America’s Cup, the world’s oldest yachting trophy.1984 “Advance Australia Fair” proclaimed as Australia’s national anthem.1985 Uluru handed back to traditional owners.1988 New Parliament House, Canberra, opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

1990s Rapid growth of the Internet.1991 Gulf War. Australian forces deployed in the Persian Gulf as part of a multinational force to enforce United Nations Security Council resolutions.1991 Australia began peace-keeping duties in Somalia, Cambodia, Rwanda, Bougainville and other places.1992 Mabo Decision. The High Court of Australia affirmed Indigenous land rights.1994 The Constitution Education Fund Australia (CEFA) was founded to improve understanding about Australia’s system of government.1999 Extensive peace-keeping roles began in East Timor.

2000 Olympic Games were held in Sydney.2001 About one-fifth or 4.3 million of Australia’s population was born overseas.2003 A serious bushfire in Canberra destroyed more than 500 homes.2003 Australian forces in Iraq and Afghanistan – government focus on anti-terrorism.2006 The Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne. 2007 Australia’s population reached 21 million.2007 Trooper Mark Donaldson became the first soldier to be awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia, for his heroism in Afghanistan.2008 Prime Minister Kevin Rudd officially apologised to the stolen generation.2008 Ms Quentin Bryce, AC, appointed the first female Governor-General of Australia.2009 Black Saturday. Massive bushfires swept across Victoria, resulting in the largest civilian death-toll in Australian history.

2010 Julia Gillard appointed Australia’s first woman Prime Minister. 2010 St Mary MacKillop canonised as Australia’s first Catholic saint.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

1971 Neville Bonner became the first Aboriginal Member of Parliament.1973 White Australia policy abolished.1973 Sydney Opera House opened.1974 Cyclone Tracy devastated Darwin.1975 Colour television began in Australia.

1975 Commonwealth Racial Discrimination Act came into force.1975 Prime Minister Gough Whitlam dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr.1975 End of Vietnam War, and airlift of refugees to Australia, mostly children.1976 Sir Douglas Nicholls sworn in as Governor of South Australia, the first Aboriginal in such a position.1977 The Uniting Church formed from the Methodist, Congregational and Presbyterian Churches.

Ancient civilisations have given us many essentials that we still use.The Babylonians and Egyptians gave us time organised into sixty seconds per minute and sixty minutes per hour.The Phoenicians gave us the alphabet.The Greeks gave us the idea of democracy.The Romans gave us the rule of law.Indian and Arabian civilisations gave us numerals, including zero.A TV set from the early days of television in the 1950s.

Opening of the Sydney Opera House.

A Colour TV set from the 1970s.

At the Overseas Telecommunications Commissions’s International Exchange in Paddington, Sydney, a special room was equipped to handle the Apollo 11 TV – dubbed “Sydney Video”.

Eddie Mabo.

Cathy Freeman at the Sydney Olympic Games.

This educational poster was published by Australian Heritage Posters ABN 64 314 258 366, PO Box 282 Rozelle NSW 2039 Australia, Phone 612 9818 3000 heritageposters@gmail.com • Copyright © 2010 • ISBN 978 0 9807209 2 1 • No portion of ‘Timeline of Australia’ may be reproduced without the written permission of the publisher • ‘Timeline of Australia’ was facilitated by Victor Alberts OAM for A.W. Faber-Castell Pty Ltd • Researched and written by Stuart Braga • Designed by Alex Cotton, Ready Set Design • Production David Ruddle. Contributors to this poster include Anne Southwell, the NSW Department of Education and Training, the Constitution Education Fund Australia (CEFA), Danny Kildare Photography and Josephine Romeo.

Space has been left below for your class to f ill in the highlights of 2011, as they happen.

‘Mum, let me show you what it looks like’

Trooper Mark Donaldson VC.

Join

pos

ters

toge

ther

her

e w

ith s

ticky

tape

1871 Aboriginal children removed from their families began in Victoria, beginning a misguided policy of assimilation.1872 Overland Telegraph completed from Adelaide to Darwin, following Sturt’s successful crossing of the continent.1877 First cricket test match in Australia between England and Australia.

1880 Salvation Army began activities including worship.1883 Silver, lead and zinc discovered at Broken Hill.1888 The first telephone call in Australia made (in Tasmania). 1889 Sir Henry Parkes proposed Federation at Tenterfield, NSW.

1891 Australian Labor Party founded.1894 South Australian women, including Aboriginal women, gained voting rights. 1896 The first modern Olympic Games. Australian athletes have competed in all Olympics.1899-1902 Military forces from the six Australian colonies joined British forces in the Boer War in South Africa.

1900 A serious outbreak of bubonic plague occurred in Sydney and Brisbane. 1900 The first motor car imported. It made a great stir at Sydney’s Royal Easter Show.1900 Kalgoorlie: the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme completed.1900 Australia’s first movie, Soldiers of the Cross by the Salvation Army.1900 Aged pensions introduced in NSW and Victoria. 1901 Australia became a federation, called the Commonwealth of Australia. 1901 A competition held to select a new national flag for Australia. 1901 National Council of Women formed in Victoria. 1901 Immigration Restriction Act passed.1902 Women given the right to vote in Federal elections. 1903 Australia and New Zealand played the first Rugby Union test.1905 Neck chains for Aboriginal prisoners banned in Western Australia. 1906 First Surf Lifesaving Club established at Bondi.1907 The principle of the Basic Wage established. 1908 Canberra selected as the national capital. 1908 Old age and invalid pensions paid to most Australians, except Aboriginal people.1908 Polychrome artists’ colour pencils were introduced.1908 Rugby League became a separate code of rugby football.1909 Edgeworth David and Douglas Mawson, scientists, the first to reach the South Magnetic Pole.

1912 The wattle declared Australia’s national flower. 1914 First airmail delivery from Melbourne to Sydney.1914-1918 Australian troops fought in World War I as members of the Australian Imperial Force – the AIF. 416 809 men enlisted, of whom more than 60 000 died and 137 000 were wounded. 1915 The Anzacs landed at Gallipoli on 25 April, ever since commemorated as Anzac Day.

1915 W.H and W.L. Bragg shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for developing X-rays. 1915 BHP steelworks opened in Newcastle.1917 Transcontinental Railway completed, linking Sydney with Perth.1918-1919 Influenza epidemic killed thousands in Australia, millions world-wide. 1919 Australia signed the Treaty of Versailles, first treaty signed independently by Australia. Australia became a founding member of the League of Nations. 1919 Ernest Fisk gave the first public demonstration in Australia of radio.

1920 Qantas Airways registered in Winton, Queensland. 1921 Edith Cowan became the first woman elected to a Parliament – in Western Australia. 1921 Australia’s population reached 5 million. 1922 Country Party of

Australia, now the National Party, founded.1923 Station 2SB broadcast the first Australian wireless (now radio) programme. 1923 The Country Women’s Association (CWA) held its first annual conference.1923 Vegemite first produced.1926 The Council for

Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), later CSIRO, established.1927 Provisional Parliament House opened in Canberra.1927 Australian Council of Trade Unions set up.1928 Kingsford Smith and Ulm flew from America to Australia. 1928 Royal Flying Doctor Service founded by the Rev. John Flynn. 1929-1932 The Great Depression – a time of extreme hardship. By 1932 32% of people were out of work.

1930 Australia first linked to Britain by telephone. 1931 Sir Isaac Isaacs appointed – the first Australian-born Governor General.1931 The Statute of Westminster established the independence of government in Australia. 1931 Arnhem Land Reserve declared.1932 The Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) commenced. 1932 Sydney Harbour Bridge opened.

1935 Cane toads introduced to kill pests in sugar cane, but soon became a worse pest.1939 Black Friday, 13 January. 70 people died in bushfires in Victoria. 1939-1945 World War II. Nearly one million Australians served in the armed forces – Army, Navy and Air Force. More than 23 000 were wounded and 39 000 died.

1941-1943 Australian forces undertook a major role in the conflict in the Middle East. 1941 Australia declared war on Japan.1942 Darwin bombed. Australia threatened with invasion.1942-1943 Australian forces defeated the Japanese in New Guinea.1944 Robert Menzies established the Liberal Party. 1945 Howard Florey awarded the Nobel Prize for developing penicillin.1945 First Sydney to Hobart Yacht race.1945 Australia became a founding member of the United Nations.1947 Australia participation began in Multinational Peacekeeping Operations.1948 Prime Minister Ben Chifley unveiled the first Holden manufactured in Australia. 1948 Sir Donald Bradman played his final cricket test match, with a batting average of 99.94, a figure which has become cricket’s most famous statistic. 1949 Arrival in Australia of 50 000th European displaced person and 100 000th British migrant since World War II.1949-1974 The Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme, the largest engineering project undertaken in Australia.

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940

1861 The Melbourne Cup was raced for the first time.1861 Robert Burke and William Wills died attempting to cross continent south to north.1861 The Crown Lands Act in New South Wales opened up much land for small farmers and settlers.1860-1890s Much land opened up for small farmers and settlers.1868 The last convicts reached Western Australia.

Monument to Burke and Wills.

Sir Henry Parkes.

These were the cliffs stormed by the Anzacs when they landed in April 1915. Norman Wilkinson, RA, painted this picture on the spot 3 months later.

The opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Australian Servicewomen maintaining an RAAF engine.

The Australian National Flag.

Kindergarten in 1901.

Join

pos

ters

toge

ther

her

e w

ith s

ticky

tape

Timelineof Australia

1770 James Cook surveyed the east coast of Australia, calling it New South Wales. Cook’s landing at Botany Bay was opposed by Aboriginal people.1788 Captain Arthur Phillip established a British colony at Sydney Cove.1788 The first Christian service held in Australia by the Rev. Richard Johnson.1790 Aboriginal resistance to colonists began led by Pemulwuy. 1791 James Ruse became the first successful European farmer.

1616 Dirk Hartog landed on the Western Australian coast.

1642-1644 Abel Tasman sought out and mapped Tasmania and the west and north coasts of Australia.

1803 Australia’s first newspaper, the ‘Sydney Gazette’ published.1803 Matthew Flinders circumnavigated Australia.1803 Settlement at Port Phillip, (now part of Victoria).1803 Settlement in Van Diemen’s Land, (now Tasmania). 1804 Convict rebellion at Castle Hill.1808 The ‘Rum Rebellion’.

1810-1820 Many fine public buildings and churches erected for Governor Macquarie, with a vision for the future.

1813 The Blue Mountains crossed, opening the interior for settlement.1813 Elizabeth Macarthur exported the first large consignment of wool.

1814 Matthew Flinders named ‘Australia’ in his book ‘A voyage to Terra Australis’.1817 The first bank established – the Bank of New South Wales, (now Westpac).1818 Benevolent Society of New South Wales formed – Australia’s first public charity.

1824 The New South Wales Legislative Council first met – the beginning of Australian parliaments.1824 Brisbane established as a penal settlement.1825 Van Diemen’s Land separated from NSW. 1826 Australia’s first street light. 1829 The Swan River colony established in Western Australia.1829-1836 Charles Sturt and Thomas Mitchell explored most of the Murray-Darling River system during this time.

1831 First Jewish Synagogue established.1835 Melbourne established.1836 South Australia established.1836 William Grant Broughton became the first Anglican Bishop of Australia.

1841 Edward John Eyre crossed Australia from east to west across the Nullarbor. 1842 John Bede Polding became the first Catholic Archbishop of Sydney.

1850 Victoria separated from New South Wales. University of Sydney founded.1851 The Gold Rush era began in New South Wales and Victoria. 1854 Australia’s first railway opened between Melbourne and Port Melbourne. 1854 Eureka Stockade – a miners’ rebellion that hastened democratic government.1856, 1858 Men given the right to vote in Victoria and New South Wales. Other colonies followed later.1856 The name of Van Diemen’s Land changed to Tasmania. 1858 Australian Rules Football began in Melbourne.1859 Queensland separated from New South Wales.1859 24 rabbits released in Victoria. Within a few years there were millions.

1700 18001600 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850

40 000 years agoClear archaeological evidence that Aboriginal people have been living for some time in south-eastern Australia Lake Mungo.20 000 years agoAboriginal people are well established throughout coastal and mainland Australia and Tasmania.

10 000 years agoPresent day Australian climate established.

400 years agoBone tool deposits at Otway Peninsula, Victoria suggest Aboriginal people were working with animal skins.

There are many different Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities with various cultural beliefs, practices and traditions. Approximately 700 languages spoken throughout Australia with an estimated population of 750 000 people.

1838 Myall Creek Massacre – 20-30 Aboriginal people killed by stockmen. 7 were later hanged for the crime. Massacres and poisoning of Aboriginal people common in many areas of Australia.

Exploration and sEttlEmEnt

War and pEacE

achiEvEmEnts in sport, sciEncE and mEdicinE

GovErnmEnt, politics and intErnational rElations

projEcts, landmarks and EvEnts

australian sociEty

11th century The Norman Conquest brought a strong unified government to England under William the Conqueror.12th century The Crusades brought European leaders together in a common purpose. A high point in Arabic science and mathematics.13th century In England, Magna Carta (1215) and Parliament (1265) marked the beginning of our modern systems of justice and government.14th century The Black Death appeared to threaten Europe with extinction. 15th century The beginning of European expansion into the rest of the world. The invention of printing by Gutenberg commenced a great explosion of knowledge. William Caxton began printing in English.16th century India – the Mughal Empire achieved its greatest extent under Emperor Akbar. Europe – the Reformation marked an important stage in the formation of modern beliefs. 17th century England and Scotland came together under one ruler, forming the United Kingdom of

Great Britain. The British parliament established rule by the representatives of the people. Pencil makers first registered in Nuremberg, Germany. Pencils have been used in

education throughout the world ever since. 18th century Strong empires rose in Europe – the French and British in particular. The Chinese Empire reached a high point in the Qian Long, or Chien Lung, era. Kasper Faber set up his pencil-making business, today known as A.W. Faber-Castell.19th century The world was transformed by steam power as ships, railways and machines brought huge changes to the way people lived. The first kindergarten, originally named ‘Infant Care Institution’, established by Lothar Faber. A.W. Faber established its first eraser factory.20th century A massive development of technology, especially in electricity, brought even greater changes to our lives.

The last one thousand years - ten centuries - have done much to shape the present century. .

The Gutenberg press. Printing gave the world an education.

James Cook landing at Botany Bay.

Dirk Hartog plate.

The convict prison at Port Arthur, Tasmania.

Cliffs like these delayed explorers for many years.

presented by a.W. Faber-castell