the lasp* at rit’s center for imaging science
DESCRIPTION
The LASP* at RIT’s Center for Imaging Science. *Laboratory for Astronomy in Strange Places. Telescopes on Mauna Kea. Altitude circa 14,000 ft. The Kuiper Airborne Observatory. Altitudes up to 45,000 ft. Higher is Better: Roots of the LASP. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Imaging Science Fundamentals Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science
The LASP* at RIT’s The LASP* at RIT’s Center for Imaging ScienceCenter for Imaging Science
*Laboratory for Astronomy in Strange Places
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Telescopes on Mauna KeaTelescopes on Mauna Kea
Altitude circa 14,000 ft.
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The Kuiper Airborne ObservatoryThe Kuiper Airborne Observatory
Altitudes up to 45,000 ft.
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Higher is Better: Roots of the LASPHigher is Better: Roots of the LASP
CIS’s Director (as grad student!) in action on the Kuiper Airborne Observatory(1970-something)
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Why is higher better?Why is higher better?
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Why Do Astronomy in the Infrared?Why Do Astronomy in the Infrared?
Most of the luminosity of our galaxy and in other galaxies emerges in this wavelength region
Low dust extinction at these wavelengths permits unbiased and potentially complete observations of statistically large samples of objects
Formation of galaxies in the early universe and the crucial stages of formation and evolution of stars and planets can be best studied in this range of wavelengths
Most of the fundamental absorption and emission lines and bands of astrophysically and astrochemically significant molecules occur in the far infrared
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M17: Optical Photograph + Far InfraredM17: Optical Photograph + Far Infrared
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That was then...That was then...
Kuiper AirborneObservatory mapsof far-IR emissionfrom the W3 star formation region,1970-something
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This is now...This is now...
The W3 starformationregion as seenin the near-IRby a modernIR camera
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Youngest stars in M17 hidden by dustYoungest stars in M17 hidden by dust
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Near-Infrared Imaging:Near-Infrared Imaging:Uncovering the young stars in M17Uncovering the young stars in M17
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Constructing a Spatial MosaicConstructing a Spatial Mosaic
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Mosaics obtained at Mosaics obtained at three infrared wavelengthsthree infrared wavelengths
2.2 microns 1.65 microns 1.25 microns
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Result of combining...Result of combining...
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Visible InfraredVisible Infrared
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Big targets need big detector arraysBig targets need big detector arrays
The galactic center region in the near-IR
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This image took a long time to make...This image took a long time to make...
…because this imageof M17 (fromlate 1980’s)consists of amosaic of several dozenindividual58x62 frames
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But this one was a snap!But this one was a snap!
Image of M17taken inmid-1990’swith a 256x256 near-infrareddetector array
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The advantages of colorThe advantages of color
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Using a bigger telescope to see detailUsing a bigger telescope to see detail
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Image Processing: Image Processing: Separating Stars from NebulaSeparating Stars from Nebula
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Narrow-band IR imaging:Narrow-band IR imaging:Distinguishing the dust from the gasDistinguishing the dust from the gas
Dust emission from M17at 3.3microns
Emission from ionized gas at 2.16 microns and 4.05 microns
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Colder is also betterColder is also better
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Why is colder better?Why is colder better?
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Sky brightness and Ambient Temperature
Sky
(Cou
nts
per S
econ
d) Temperature (K
elvins)
Frame Number (Time Ordered)
31Jan
9Feb10Feb
7Mar
18Mar
Sky Brightness
Ambient Temperature
Sky gets darker as temperature dropsSky gets darker as temperature drops
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Construction at the PoleConstruction at the Pole
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The SPIREX TelescopeThe SPIREX Telescope
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The SPIREX TelescopeThe SPIREX Telescope
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Data Pipelining at RITData Pipelining at RIT
Data from the South Pole National request for proposals 45 proposals received; 13 carried
out Data reduced at RIT and
distributed worldwide
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The Galactic Center viewed from the PoleThe Galactic Center viewed from the Pole
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Star formation regions from the PoleStar formation regions from the Pole
The advantage of infrared imaging from a cold environment
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Star formation regions from the PoleStar formation regions from the Pole
The advantage of infrared imaging with a wide field
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A A veryvery wide field 3-color IR image wide field 3-color IR image
Image mosaic of the NGC 6334 star formation region obtained with SPIREX/Abu at the South Pole
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Site monitoring for the entire seasonSite monitoring for the entire season
The advantage of relentless observing & data pipelining
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How to tell when it’s cloudyHow to tell when it’s cloudy
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Trying to Observe When Partly Cloudy
Cloudy 9/2Clear 10/2
Cou
nts
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Seco
nd
Frame Number (30 Second Exposures)
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How to tell the good times from the badHow to tell the good times from the bad
HR 3842: L counts vs. background
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L bkgd (DN)
L flu
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Fraction of observing time w/ "low" bkgd
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month (April=1)
Series1
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How to squeeze blood from a rockHow to squeeze blood from a rock(Or, how to make the bad times look like the good)(Or, how to make the bad times look like the good)
HR 3842: L counts vs. background
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
0 500 1000 1500 2000
L bkgd (DN)
L flu
x (D
N)
HR 3842: corrected "high-bkgd" photometry
5.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.50E+05
2.00E+05
2.50E+05
3.00E+053/31/99 0:00
4/10/99 0:00
4/20/99 0:00
4/30/99 0:00
5/10/99 0:00
5/20/99 0:00
5/30/99 0:00
6/9/99 0:00
6/19/99 0:00
Date
Star
Inte
gral
, dn
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The SOFIA ConceptThe SOFIA Concept
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Test flightsTest flights
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Telescope specificationsTelescope specifications
Nominal Operational Wavelength Range: 0.3 to 1600 um prime wavelengths 15-300 microns
Primary Mirror Diameter = 2.7 meters System Clear Aperture Diameter = 2.5 meters Nominal System f-ratio = 19.6 Primary Mirror f-ratio = 1.28 Telescope's Unvignetted Elevation Range: 20-60
degrees
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The mirror blankThe mirror blank
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SOFIA Key ScienceSOFIA Key Science
Interstellar cloud physics and star formation in our galaxy
Proto-planetary disks and planet formation in nearby star systems
Origin and evolution of biogenic atoms, molecules, and solids
Composition and structure of planetary atmospheres and rings, and comets
Star formation, dynamics, and chemical content of other galaxies
The dynamic activity in the center of the Milky Way.
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SOFIA Data Pipelining at RITSOFIA Data Pipelining at RIT
Under construction: a data cycle system for SOFIA
Our data cycle system will be modular, extensible, and continuously improving
These 3 attributes are the promise of SOFIA
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In the works: telescopes on the In the works: telescopes on the Atacama Plateau, ChileAtacama Plateau, Chile
Talk about astronomy in strange places…!
• Altitude: circa 19000 ft.• Rainfall: almost never