The :JV!..wToro Power Putting 9reen c:%owerHas c:%any Unusual Features

GearsGears are

m a chi ne-cut, h a r d-ened steelg ear s,mounted onSKF ballbe a r in gsand Hyattrollerbe a rings.The yareenclosed inan oil-tighta Iu minumh 0 u sin g.Throw - outlever is at-tached tothe reelgear sot hat thereel can bedisengaged.

~The flexible feature, which lias been the main advantage of handmowers, is maintained in tlu new Toro power greens mower.

ReelThe reel has eight blades assem-

bled on five spiders, is 5 inches indiameter and cuts 1914 inches inwidth. The blades are accuratelyformed from the finest qualitychrome-vanadium steel. The reelshaft is mounted on SKF ball bear-ings, enclosed in dust proof cages.

BearingsPlain bearings have been en-

tirely eliminated on the new Toropower putting green mower. Allgears and driving parts, includingthe front wheels, are mounted oneither ball or roller bearings.Alemite oiling system throughout.

Grass CatcherA light weight, all metal grass

catcher, easily disconnected.Transport Truck

A power driven transport carrieris offered as optional equipment forcarrying the mower from green togreen.

One Standard SizeThe new Toro power putting

green mower will be built in onesize only-19th inch cut. Carefulinvestigation has shown that alarger size is detrimental to theaverage putting green, particularlyon account of the increased weightand the danger of scalping on un-dulated greens.

The 1914 inch size has sufficientcapacity to cut the largest greenquickly without danger of scalpingor packing, and is to be preferredover greater width mowers thatmust be handled only with extremecare.

The Toro power greens mower isoffered, not as an experiment butas a very careful development overa period of years, and we can rec-ommend it very highly where amachine of this type is wanted.

All the new additions and im-provements in the TORO line oflabor-saving equipment are de-scribed in the new TORO 1930catalog. Write for your copy.

TORO MANUFACTURING co.3042-3.60 Snelling Ave.

MlnneapoU., Minn.Ser.icc. 51.lion. in .lIlhe lurer di.lribulion cenleu.

MotorThe motor is an exceptionally

built one horse-power, four-cycle,

been incorporated in this new mower.

cooled motor, and weighs onlyforty pounds. It has an en-closed fly-wheel so there isno clogging of the blowers.Ignition is of the high ten-sion type, with a Bosch mag-neto, and carburetor is Tillot-son automobile type, equip-ped with modern air cleaner.Oiling system is of self-cir-culating type and of amplecapacity.

The mot 0 r is rigidlymounted in horizontal posi-tion, which greatly lessensthe vibration and providesincreased efficiency.

The starting crank is permanentlymounted, with an automatic releasingspring, throwing it out the instant themotor starts. The crank is geared 2 to 1,which makes for easy starting.

FrameThe frame is of malleable and steel

construction, of light weight but greatstrength-rigid-insuring perfect align-ment at all times. The gear case is madeof aluminum-light, strong, oil-tight and

dust proof.

Tile new Toro is 1934 inch cut, and fulliengtll rollers,both front and rear, prevent scalping on undulating

ground.

Tile proven successful duign of tlu Toro Iland putting green mowerhas been closely followed in tile new power mower. Note the hori~ontalapplication of the motor, which not only provides a neat, trim appearancewith low center of gravity, but greatly increased efficiency due to lu-

uned vibration. There is no pounding of the turf in the new Toro.

The new Toro power putting greenmower is the result of valuable ex-perience gained in building the presentToro hand putting green mower, whichhas made such a remarkable name for

itself on thousands of both Americanand foreign golf courses. The samebasic principle of general designand operation, which has proven so suc-cessful in the present mower, has beenincorporated in the new power mower.

Every effort has been made, however,to bring the mechanical specifications upto the highest level known to modernengineering practice, and the followingspecifications will give clear analysis ofthe many important features that have

JANUARY, 1930 Single Copies Twenty-Five Cents.Yearly Subscription to Members Two Dollars.

Yearly Subscription to Non-Members Three Dollars.

VOLUME IVThe NATIONALGREENKEEPER

No. I

(Registered U. S. Patent Office)Official Organ of The National Association of Greenkeepers of America

Published monthly at 405 Caxton Building, Cleveland, Ohio.Contents copyright, 1928, by The National Greenkeeper, Inc., Publishers.

Robert E. Power, President and Editor; Frank H. Pelton, Sec'y.; C. F. Lowe, Treas.; M. J. Fox, Asst.-Sec'y.Herman Sonneborn, Eastern Re{?resentative, 152 W. 42nd St., New York City

Entered as second-class matter, Aug. 25, 1928, at the iost office, Cleveland, Ohio, under act of March 3, 1879All Rights Reserved-None of the contents of this Magazine, either wholly or In part. may be reprinted without permission.

ContentsOUR SOIL BACTERIA

By James A. SmithTWO NEW COURSES FOR CHICAGO

By Edward B. Dearie. Jr. 17

EXECUTIVES MEET AT INDIANAPOLISBy John Morley - 10

DON'T FORGET THE BIRDSBy Chas. Erickson 20

GREENKEEPERS CONFERENCE PROGRAM 10LARGER AND BETTER TEES

By John Anderson 20

CHAIRM AN BURKHARDT SAYS 14

COLLYER ENCOURAGES GREENKEEPERSBy J. H. Evans 15

AMHERST COURSES OPENS JANUARY 2 22

AROUND THE OFFICE DESK u 23

MARKET PLACE AND BUYERS' GUIDE 25

Wm. J. Sansom. Third Vice PrCf.Toronto Golf ClubLong- Branch, Ontario, Can.

Lewis M. Evans, Secolld Vice Pres.Cedarbrook Country ClubMt. Airy, Philadelphia, Penn.

Officers-National Ass'n of Greenkeepers of AmericaGeorge Davies, FO/lrtll Vice Pres.

Big Springs Gol f ClubLouisville, Kentucky

J~llI1 Quaill, Sccretary- TreasurerHighland Country Club426 Highland Avenue\\'est View, Pittsburgh. Penn.

] olm Morley, PrcsidentYoungstown Country Club2248 Selma AvenueYoungstown, Ohio

John MacGregor, First Vice Pri!~.Chicago Gol f ClubBox 717, \Vheaton, Illinois

ELMER F. AFFELDT. Glen Oaks Golf& Country Club, Great Neck, L. 1.,New York.

JOHN ANDERSON, Crestmont Coun-try Club, W. OranJ:'e. N. J.

WALTER G. ANDERSON. Sunne-hanna Country Club. Johnstown, Penn.

A. E. ARNOLD. Masonic CountryClub, Grand Rapicls. Mich.

C. J. AUGUSTO, Del Monte CountryClub, Del Monte, Calif.

G. W. BARNES. Banff Springs GolfClub, Ban ff. Alberta. Canada.

C. G. BARTON, Sylvania Golf Club,Toledo. Ohio.

C. BASHAM. River Crest CountryCluh, Fort \Vorth, Texas .

ALEX. BINNIE. Shoreacres Golf Club,Lake muff, 111.

JAMES BOLTON. Berkshire CountryClub, ReadinR. Penn.

W. A. BOSTIC, Biltmore Forest Coun.try Club. Biltmore, N. C.

CA RL A. BRETZLA FF, Meridian HillsCountry Club. I ndianapolis, Ind.

PAUL BROCKHAUSEN, New Blue1\1ound Country Club, \Vauwatosa,\Visconsin.

FRED A. BURKHARDT, WestwoodCountry Club. Cleveland, Ohio

JOHN CAIRO. Manito Golf Club,Spokane. \Vash.

J. O. CAMPBI-:LL. Wethersfield Coun.try Club, Hartford. Conn.

JAMES CONNAUGHTON, MonroeGolf Club. Pittsford, New York

DENNIS CROWLEY, Wollaston GolfClub, Boston, Mass.

CARL DAVIS, Moonbrook CountryClub, Jamestown, New York

DISTRICT VICE PRESIDENTSE. E. DAVIS. 1\leadvillc Country Club.

Meadville. Penn.TIIOS. E. DOUGHERTY, Springhaven

Country Club, Chester, Pcnn.GORDON W. EARL. Ogdensburg Coun-

try Club, OJ:'densburg, N. Y.CHARLES EIUCKSON, Minekahda

Cluh, l\l inneapolis. Minn.D. A LLEN FRASER, Berkshire Hunt

an'd Country Club. Lenox. Mass.FORD GOODRICH, Flint Country

Cluh, l~lint. MichiganJOHN GRAY, Essex Golf and Country

Cluh. Sandwich. OntarioHARRY HANSON. Maple Bluff Coun-

try Cluh. Madison, \Visconsin.H. HAWKINS. Lake\.iew Golf Club,

Port Credit. OntarioRORERT HENDERSON. Country Club

of Jruffalo. Williamsville. N. Y.ARTHUR ]. JENSEN, Fargo Country

Cluh, Fargo. N. D.OSCAR JOHNSON. Happy Hollow

Club, Omaha. NebraskaM. W. LAWRENCE, West End Coun.

try Cillb. New Orleans, LouisianaGEOIWE LIVINGSTON. Belle 1\1eade

Country Club, Nashville. Tenn.HUGH LUKE. Garden Cit}. Country

Cluh. Garden City. N. Y.WI LLI AM 1\1A YNE, Jasper Park

Lodge. 1\lberta. CanadaJOE P. 1\1A YO. Pehble Beach Country

Club. Pebble Beach, Calif.CHESTER MENDENHALL. Sim Park

Golf Club, Wichita, KansasT. H. RIGGS MILLER. Richmond

Country Club, Staten Island, NewYork

HUGH C. MOORE, St. Simon's IslandGolf Cluh, St. Simon's Island. Georgia

JAMES MUTI~DEN. Ridgewood GolfClllb, Cincinnati, Ohio

JOSEPH O'GRADY. New BedfordCountry Cluh. New Bedford. :Mas5.

WI LI-IELM PETER. Lvnnhaven GolfCourse. Kansas City, 1\10.

JOHN 1'1 RIE. Country Club of Fair-field. Fairfield, Conn.

CLA R ENCE PLOSS. Salem, Mass.WALTER C. REED. Westwood Coun-

try Clnh, St. Louis, ~ro.CAPT. D,\\TID L. REES, Pro!:'ress

Country Club, Purchase. New YorkCHARLES A. ROBINSON. Brookside

Country Club, Lake Tarleton, Pike,N. H.

GEOI{GE SARGENT. Scioto CountryClub. Columbus, Ohio

ROBERT SCOTT, Baltimore CountryCluh. ll'altimore, Maryland

II. E. S 1-1 A V 1':, Oakland Hills CountryClub. Birmingham, Mich.

FRED J. TIENKEN. Colorado Springs,Colorado

D. R. VALENTINE, Reaumont Coun-try Cluh, Beaumont, Texas

JOSEPH VALENTINE. Merion CricketCluh, Philadelphia, Penna.

GEORGE WELLIN. TumblebrookCountry Club, New Britain, Conn.

J.\CK WELSH, Wakonda Country. Club, Des Moines, IowaWALTER WOODWARD, Senneville

Country Club, .!\Iontreal, Quebec,Canada

Official communication, mcmbership dues, employment, etc., should be mailed direct to theSecrctary. Editorial articles, photos, subscriptions and golf show requests mail to 405

Caxton Bldg., C1~veland

PAGE THREE

PAGE FOUR

BIG REDUCTIONIN PRICES

-Ideal "Bulldog"Fairway Mowers

SINCE their introduction some six years ago, IDEALBULLDOG MOWERS have constantly grown in favor.

Not only has a high standard of quality been maintainedbut improvement in design and construction has at all timeskept pace with the development of golf.

Each year more and more clubs and parks have learnedof their operating economies. Sales have mounted steadily.In 1929 the increase in the sale of Bulldog Mowers showeda gain of 97 per cent over the best previous year's business.

Greater volume has reflected in lower manufacturingcosts. Quantity purchases bring more favorable prices onmaterials. A greater production schedule effects big sav-ing in shop operation and has warranted the installationof new automatic, labor saving machinery. Sales and dis-tribution costs are lower.

As a result of these savings both the Ideal 3-gangBulldog Mower and the Ideal 5-gang Bulldog Mower areto be offered at substantially lower prices for 1930.

The new low prices will be ready for public announce-ment at the opening of the 4th Annual Show of the Na-tional Association of Greenkeepers in Louisville, Kentucky,February 4th to 7th, 1930. Be sure to call at the Ideal ex-hibit and secure full particulars.

Ideal Power Lawn Mower Co.LANSING, MICHIGAN

23i Lufavelle SI. 'U3 W. Chicago Ave. 161 Vester 51. 2i3 Boylston St.New Yo':k, N. Y. Chicago, III. Ferndale (Detroit), Mich. Brookline, Muss.

SAY YOU SAW THE AD IN THE NATIONAL GREENKEEPER

January

1930

Volume IV

Number 1

~he NATIONAL

GREENKEEPERTIu Luuli1l& Joumal of the World on TUTf Cultun and Golf CouT5e Mainu1U11lU

Official Organ of The

National Association

of Greenkeepers 0 f

America

Our Soil BacteriaHow they live and what they do for us

BY JAMES A. SMITH

JAMES A. SMITH, LONDON, O.

Mr. Smith is a recognizedaut hority on soils. Duringthe lVar he worked for the U.

S. Dept. of Agriculture

l"T IS difficult to tell a good story of the lifeof plants, many of whose members cannotbe seen under the most powerful micro-

scope. We know they do exist and are neces-sary to the maintenance of life upon this earth,so they concern us most vi tall y.

Ask an electrical engineer "What is Electri-city" or a hydraulic engineer"Wha t is Water" and they willboth tell you that they do not

'know, still they apply their livesto getting the most out of w ha tthey know to be the workingforces of each.

We recognize soil bacteriawhen it is possible for us to seethem, know how they live, howthey reproduce and comprehendwhat they. do for us. Takenin their simplest form, and elim-inating all types which are notof value to us, I advise that asearly as possible you get inter-ested in them.

I t is necessary to rememberthree groups. First, those whichproduce Ammonia as the firststep in breaking down organic matter. Second,those which add six atoms of Oxygen to theAmmonia to make Nitrous Acid and, lastly,those which add two atoms of Oxygen to theNitrous Acid to make it Nitric Acid. This Ni-tric Acid combines with lime or some otherbase to make the Nitrates that are absolutely

essential and necessary to plant life.It seems to be human nature to give the smal-

lest things the largest names and, unless youare particularly interested, I advise you to for-get the names of these bacteria as early as pos-sible. They are bound to be confusing. Thefirst group are called Ammonifiers because they

produce Ammonia. The second,Nitrosomonas because they pro-duce Nitrous Acid from the Am-monia which is made by thefirst group. The third, Nitro-bacter as they prepare the Ni-tric Acid which, combinedwith lime or one of the otherbases in the soil, makes the fin-ished product, a Nitrate. Thesethree groups taken together arecalled the Nitrobacteria.

These Nitrobacteria are not"bugs" as many suppose but arethe smallest form of plan t lifeknown. They are so small thatit is possible for one billion ofthem to live in an ounce of goodsoil which of course must pro-vide an ideal home. One healthy

member may branch out and be the father.or mother of seventeen million of offspring intwenty-four hours. The fact that they are aplant life, even though of a low form, createsthe necessi ty for a balanced feeding practicallythe same as any higher form of plant life. Whatthey produce is en tirel y through chemical ac-

PAGE FIVE

PAGE SIX The National Greenkeeper JANUARY, 1930

Tests of Plugs from Putting GreensFrom Ohio Humus Laboratory, London, Ohio

THESE photographs were taken fromplugs during the early fall before

close cutting had been stopped. Theyshow how the amount of soil humus pres-ent controls the amount of water and airit is possible to get in the soil of the green.Also the rootage which comes from thecreation of healthy conditions for ourNitrobacteria.

Green No. 202. This green requiredten hours of slow watering in order to getone and one-half inches of penetration.Conditions in this green were uniformlybad with a very low soil humus content.

PLUG FROM GREEN 202

Green No. 209. This green requiredthree hours of slow watering for a penetra-tion of three inches to which depth rootageextended. This green by careful wateringwas kept in fair condition. The amountof soil humus was greatly increased overGreen No. 202. There was no humusadded in the original construction of theabove green.

PLUG FROM GREEN 209

PLUG FROM GREEN 207

Green No. 207. This green requiredthirty minutes for a penetration to fourand one-quarter inches which was thedepth of rootage and the limit of abundantsoil humus. One inch hose at 35 poundpressure at the green was used. This greenwas one year old the day sample was taken.

The lower white line on each cross sec-tion of each plug indicates the depth of .greatest soil humus supply and depth ofrootage. Below this line, moisture pene-tration was very slow.

JANUARY, 1930 The National Greenkeeper PAGE SEVEN

tion and the types we have mentioned andwhich are the only ones we should be inter-ested in, never vary their product. For cen-turies they have been making either Ammonia,Nitrous or Nitric Acid and will continue to doso until the end of time.

Bacteria Must Have Air

THEIR associates are not always of the best.If you insist upon their living in soil con-

taining too much water, without air for anoxygen supply with which they may work.their enemies the Denitrifiers, who do not livein the presence of air, step in and commence tofeed upon the Nitrates which they have pro-duced. This parisi tic action continues untilthey have broken down the entire product solaboriously made by the Nitrobacteria, return-Ing it possibly to the air as free nitrogen whichplant life cannot use. In this same unaeratedsoil may lurk the bacteria of cholera or typhoidfever ready to be leached out and carried intodrinking wa ter wi th serious effect on mankind.Fresh air allowed to pass into the soil, at oncedestroys all but the desired bacterial life.

There are five conditions necessary for theactivity of Nitrobacteria in creating plant feed-ings as Nitrates.

1. The Presence of Food.2. A Supply of Oxygen.3. Moisture.4. A Favorable Temperature.5. Absence from Strong Sunlight.The Presence of Foods-Nitrobacteria have

but one food and that is the soil humus, anactive form of organic matter. Any organicmatter such as wood, straw, straw manure,decayed leaves, etc., exposed to the above con-ditions in the soil at once begins to decay.Manures, because of their straw and fibrouscontent very quickly disappear when workedinto the soil. If soil humus is to be madefrom ordinary stable manures it should beput in the soil and kept under constant cul-tivation for at least three years before the max-imum nitrate conditions should be expected.There should never be less than sixty tons ofmanure in a one acre compost area in order toget the most efficient top dressing.

A Supply of Oxygen-They must have air

at all times, because from the air they obtainthe oxygen with which to carryon their work.The moment air is denied them, they are atonce compelled to stop production and thedenitrifiers very likely begin operation.Moisture-All chemical reactions must takeplace in the presence of moisture and, sincetheir work is entirely chemical, a lack of mois-ture stops them. You are familiar with theold Seidletz Powder,. the white paper contain-ing tartaric acid, the blue paper bicarbonate ofsoda with Rochelle salts added as a laxative.They could be mixed dry without any chemicalaction taking place but the moment water wasc\dded they commenced a viol en t effervescence.So, moisture must always be present in orderthat there may be chemical action.

Due to the breaking down of organic matter,carbonic acid gas is gi ven off. If sufficient mois-ture is present this gas will be absorbed, car-bonic acid produced and this acid can be usedin digesting out feedings which may be in thesoil mixed with the soil humus and which canlater be taken up by the plant.

A Favorable Temperature-A favorabletemperature for the growth of the Nitrobac-teria is always necessary. The moment thesoil temperature gets below 45 deg. F. theiraction stops. They can keep up their plantfeeding at a temperature as high as 110 deg. F.Above that they again stop. The bacteria ofthe soil are very similar to those of yeast ourmothers used in making bread. When the yeastwas raised at night it was sure to have beenplaced in a warm part of the room. If thetemperature of the yeast during the nightdropped below 45 deg. F. we had no bread thenext day.

I have always thought that sanding of greens,where this top dressing was not protected bygood turf, was a bad practice. Upon hot daysthe heat of the exposed sand was almost sureto bring the temperature above 110 deg. F. atwhich point at least all bacteria close to the sur-face suffered severely, not to mention the in-creased evaporation from the green.

Some soils are in their natural constructionmuch warmer than others or become warmerbecause of exposure to the sun in a protectedplace. A warm soil, because of its earlier bac-

PAGE EIGHT The National Greenkeeper JANUARY, 1930

terial activities and feedings, always producesthe first good turf.

In the fall with a temperature drop to be-low 45 deg. the development of plant lifestops. In the spring as soon as soil warms to45 deg. or more our Nitrobacteria again becomeactive and our turf starts growing.

Absence from Strong Sunlight-In the pres-ence of strong sunlight we have no active bac-teria. It is an old custom to hang disease in-fected bedding in strong sunlight to kill anytraces of bacteria which it might carry. Thesame holds good of our soil bacteria.

Nature has been very careful in providing ahome for it in our soil humus not only becauseit provides it with food but because of the as-sured darkness which it requires. From this,the reason for the more rapid growth of turf£It night-time, due to darkness, is at once ap-paren t. During the night even the bacteriaclose to the surface are active.

Throughout the process of the decay of soilhumus by these organisms, certain very im-portant acids are formed. If they are acting inblack humus a Humic Acid is produced and ifin a brown humus an Ulmic Acid. The HumicAcid will combine with soil particles withwhich the soil humus is mixed, producingHumates which is the natural source, withoutchemical fertilization, of our potash and phos-phorous feedings. The action of the UlmicAcid in the soil while similar to that of HumicAcid is not quite so pronounced.

Going over the five condi tions men tionedZtbove, with your turf problems in mind, youmay gather some clue as to the possible correc-tion of some of your soil conditions which arenot producing the greatest number of theseactive Nitrobacteria. A hard surface green orfairway, deficient in soil humus, would pre-vent the passage of moisture and air to yourI'\}itrobacteria and conseq uen tl y their power toproduce feedings would be suppressed. Equal-ly aggravating would be the activities of theDenitrifying bacteria which can exist onlyunder these ad verse condi tions.

Two Text Books on Bacteria

THERE are two text books, easily under-stood which I believe should be in the hands

of every green keeper as a nucleus for a practical

library. "Soils: Their Properties and Manage-ment" by Lyon, Fippin and Buckman is oneand Lipman's' 'Bacteria in Rela tion to Coun tryLife" is the other. Both of these books areeasil y understood and make very interestingreading. If you are interested I think the edi-tor of the NATIONAL GREEN KEEPER will beglad to tell you about them.

Concerning soil condi tions as affecting Ni tro-bacteria the first mentioned volume producesa table showing the number of bacteria foundon farms in widely separated states. I recallcoun ts made on two Kansas farms. The soildrawn was taken to a depth of thirty inches.The first sample was a loam, rich in soil humus.It was stated that 53,596,060 Nitrobacteriawas found in each gram of soil, one gramequaling about one twenty-eighth of an ounce.

On another Kansas farm with thin top soiland a gumbo sub-soil but 78,534 Nitrobac-L1?riawere found in each gram. This lattern umber I imagine very nead y represents theactive bacterial count that might be expectedin the top six inches of many of our hardgreens.

I recen tl y made a physical examina tion of thetop eight inches of the soil of a green which hadnever been successful. The top one and one-half inches had a good humus content andmust have been selected with care. The turfrootage extended to this depth. The next fourinches was a very dark soil which must havebeen hauled to the green and spread over theoriginal con tours to a depth of four inches. Itproved to be almost en tirel y deficient in soilhumus and it was almost impossible to getwater into it. It was a true home for every-thing bu t the really necessary Ni trobacteria.Strangely, the original soil upon which thisgreen was built and which was taken five andone-half inches below the surface of the green,was far superior to the other two soils in everyrespect.

Do not make the mistake of thinking thatall black soil is rich in soil humus. But littleof it is. Years ago it may have contained anactive humus but now what was once an activehumus has been completely digested by theNitrobacteria, becoming wholly inactive, leav-ing nothing in the soil on which they can live.

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It is truly a gumbo soil rich only in carbon.Keep away from dark soils for that reason.They are dangerous. All soil humus is or-ganic matter but all organic matter in the soilis not soil hum us.

Never build a green without adding an am-ple amount of lime mixed in your construction.As our soil bacteria create Nitric Acid theremust be some base, such as lime, in the soil\vith which it may combine to make a nitratesuitable for plant feedings.

There is little doubt but that our Nitrobac-teria are still fair! y active in many of our greensheavily acidulated through the use of Ammon-ium Sulphate. Our lack of feedings on suchgreens may be due to the fact that the Sulphu-ric Acid additions from Ammonium Sulphatehave used up all the lime or similar basic saltspresent in the soil of the green and there nolonger remains one of these bases which cantake up the Nitric Acid produced by the bac-teria and make it into Nitrate feedings. Theamount of lime which would be used wouldnot be sufficient to cause detrimental turf con-ditions.

If your construction is such that your soilbacteria have sufficient moisture and air to adepth of five inches, you are having but littletrouble with your greens. If the count of yourNitrobacteria is small, because of firm and hardpacked soils in your greens, no artificial feed-ings which you may apply can permanentlylevive them. A beaten path, has in the soil butfew Ni trobacteria. It is a na tural home of theDeni trifiers.

Excellent Standard

THE NATIONAL GREENKEEPERCleveland, Ohio

Gentlemen:

I have been Green committee chairman at the Ham-mond Country Club for five years and have been aninterested reader of your magazine since its first pub-lication, and wish to congratulate you on the excellentstandard you have maintained.

Please mail me a copy of the ABC of Turf Culturefor which I am enclosing my check for three dollars.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) E. Spraker, Chairman Green Committee.Hammond Country Club, Hammond, Louisiana

SAY YOU SAW THE AD IN THE NATIONAL GREENKEEPER PAGE NINE

Executives Meet in IndianapolisPresident Morley outlines plans for the Louisville Convention and Golf Show

BY JOHN MORLEY, PresidentThe National Association of Greenkeepers of America

We were very muchelated to find the cour-ses, especially the pu t-ting greens in the pinkof condition. After in-specting A vol 0 n,Broadmoor and High-land courses we wereescorted to the Speed-wa y golf course andla ter had a ride (a Iittletoo fast for me), twicearound this well-known Speedway.

The sun having setover the Western hori-zon we journeyed onto the Meridian HillsCountry Club, thehome club of our host.Carl Bretzlaff. Afterinspecting his up-to-date course we were es-corted to the diningroom where we wereserved with an excel-lent dinner that Mr.Bretzlaff had arrangedfor us.

On Monday morn-ing bright and early we

first vice-president John MacGregorand Alex Binnie, presiden t of the Mid-West Greenkeepers Association, bothbelonging to the Chicago district. Im-mediately after lunch through thekindness of Carl A. Bretzlaff, secretaryof the Indiana Greenkeepers Associa-tion, Chester Coval. Mr. Bretzlaff'sassistan t and George Hawkins who hascharge of the famous Speedway and

golf course adjoining, we. were taken by auto-mobile to inspect a few of the courses in theIndianapolis district.

WEDNESDA Y, FEBRUARY 5-2:00 P. M.Introduction of chairman by President John Morley.Addresses of \Velcome-By Henry Heyburn, Louis-

ville. Ky.; by Vertner D. Smith, Pres. LouisvilleC. c.; by Harry Dumesnil, Pres. Big Spring GolfClub; by Joseph c. Steidle, Pres. Audubon C. C.

The Fraternal Side of Greenkeeping-By Lcwis M.Evans, Philadelphia.

Seeds and Grasses-By Prof. L. S. Dickinson, Am-hers t, Mass.

Functions of the three plant food elements-ByA. E. Grantham. Richmond, Va.

4th Annual National Greenkeepers' Conferenceand Convention. Jefferson County Armory,

Louisville, Ky OJ Feb. 5, 6, 7, 1930.Chairman

George M. McClureSoil Technologist, Ohio State University

~Greenkee1PersConferenceProgram

THURSDA Y, FEBRUAR.Y 6-2:30 P. M.The Life and Activities of Soil Bacteria-By James

A. Smith, London, Ohio.Experimcnts in the Turf Nursery-By Dr. Howard

B. Spraguc. New Brunswick, N. J.The Trcnd of Greenkeeping-By O. ]. Noer, Madi-

son, \Visconsin.Drainage and Soils-By \Vendell P . .M iller, Colum-

bus, Ohio.

FRIDA Y, FEBRUARY 7-2:30 P. M.11y Cure for Brown Patch-B,. Prof. L. S. Dickin-

son, Amherst, .Mass. -Greenkeeping Problems in Canada-By \V. J. Sam-

son, Toronto, Ont.Activities of the Green Section-By Dr. John ),[on-

teith, J r., \Vashington, D. C.Taking Care of the Trees-By Hon. Martin L.

Davey, Kent, Ohio.

TWICE each year, according toour by-laws, it becomes necessaryfor me as Presiden t of the Na-

tional Association of Greenkeepers ofAmerica to call together the memberscomprising the Executive Committee.Ha ving held our summer meeting inNew York City, I was of the opiniontha t the fall meeting should be held JOHN MORLEY

somewhere in the middle West in or-cler to get in closer touch with our member-5hip in that territory. So I decided to holdour second meeting at Indianapolis, Monday.November 25. OnSaturday previous tothe meeting tho s emembers living in theEastern section met atCleveland so that wemight entrain for In-dianapolis. together.Those presen t wereJohn Quail!. W. J.Sansom, Fred A. Burk-h a r d t , ChristopherBain, Mr. and Mrs.Lewis M. Evans andson John and myself.Previous to train timewe were guests of Mr.and Mrs. Fred A.Burkhardt and withthe aid of his three es-timable daughters wewere treated to an ex-cellent dinner and laterresumed our way byrail westward, arrivingat Indianapolis earlySunday morning.

Upon our arrival atour headquarters, Ho-tel Lincoln, we werepleased to meet our

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