Introduction to Anatomy and PhysiologyThe journey begins!

Before We Begin…Some Helpful Hints

• Success in A&P is NOT guaranteed.• It takes HARD work, and good study skills• Study Skills:• Come to class having already read the material. READ

EVERY NIGHT• Study a little at a time. Trust me, cramming does NOT

work for A&P• Go home and review the materials WITHIN 24 HOURS• Help yourself by writing flash cards (there are great

apps for that!), drawing diagrams, recopying notes or even making up songs (I’m ATP, yeah you know me!)

You should be getting Foreign Language credit for this class!

• We will be using prefixes and suffixes over and over

• Learn the latin/greek roots well and life will be MUCH easier

• Ex: gluconeogenesis = gluco + neo + genesis• Gluco: sugar like glucose• Neo: new• Genesis: to make, produce, or generate• GLUCONEOGENESIS literally means “The production of

new glucose molecules from non-sugar substances”

See how easy that was??

What is Anatomy and Physiology?• Anatomy: The study of the

structure and shape of the human body and body parts, and their relationships to one another.

• In Greek: “ana” means apart, “tomy” means to cut.

• Gross -vs- Microscopic anatomy

Anatomy at Different Levels

What is Anatomy and Physiology?• Physiology: The study of how the body and its

parts work or function.• “physio” means nature, “ology” means the study

of.

Organization of the Body• Atoms – Molecules – Cells – Tissues – Organs – Organ

Systems – Organism• Organ Systems:

• Integumentary• Skeletal• Muscular• Nervous• Endocrine• Cardiovascular• Lymphatic• Respiratory• Digestive• Urinary• Reproductive

Necessary Life Functions• Maintaining boundaries• Movement• Respond to environmental changes• Take in and digest nutrients• Carry out metabolism • Excrete wastes• Reproduce• Grow

Survival Needs• Nutrients• Oxygen• Water• Correct temperature and atmospheric pressure

Homeostasis• The body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable

internal environment• 3 components:• Receptor• Control Center• Effector

• Negative Feedback vs Positive Feedback

Anatomical PositionKNOW THESE ORIENATION

AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS (p. 12)

SuperiorInferiorAnterior (ventral)Posterior (dorsal)MedialLateralIntermediateProximalDistalSuperficialDeep

Regional Terms/ Body Planes and Sections• Know the Anterior

and Posterior Body Landmarks on page 13

• Plane: imaginary line used to section parts of the body or organs• Sections:• Midsagittal (median)• Frontal (coronal)• Transverse (cross or

horizontal)

Body Cavities• Dorsal Body Cavity

• Cranial cavity• Spinal cavity

• Ventral Body Cavity• Thoracic cavity• Abdominopelvic cavity• Umbilical region• Epigastric region• Hypogastric (pubic)

region• Right/left iliac

(inguinal) regions• Right/left lumbar

regions• Right/left

hypochondriac region