the japanese advance
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The Japanese Advance. Hours after Pearl Harbor Japanese warplanes attacked Clark Field, the main American air base in the Philippines Dec. 8 Wake Island and Dec. 10 Guam attacked Gen. Douglas MacArthur, commanding general and troops at Clark Field withdrew to Australia”I Shall Return”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Japanese Advance
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• Hours after Pearl HarborJapanese warplanes attacked Clark Field, the main American air base in the Philippines
• Dec. 8 Wake Island and Dec. 10 Guam attacked
• Gen. Douglas MacArthur, commanding general and troops at Clark Field withdrew to Australia”I Shall Return”
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Wake
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• March 1942 Japanese troops overrun the British strongholds of Hong Kong, Singapore, and Burma
• Japan’s offensive pushed British and American forces aside and brought SE Asia under Japanese control
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The Philippines Fall• By May 1942 the Japanese captured 76,000
Filipinos and Americans as POWS• Bataan Death Marchprisoners were forced
to march 70 miles to a railroad and shipped to an army camp– Prisoners treated brutally– 10,000 prisoners died during the 6-12 day journey
• Japan’s treatment of prisoners violated the Geneva ConventionPOWs treated well
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The Bataan Death March
Open the following link, read the story, and answer the four questions
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1737.html
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The War at Sea
• With the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan did not destroy the heart of the Pacific fleet: Lexington, Enterprise, and Saratoga
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• April 1942American B-52s took off from aircraft carrier Hornet and flew 650 miles to Japan
• Lt. Colonel James Doolittle’s squadron dropped bombs on Tokyoshocked Japanese leadership and boosted Allied morale.
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Battle of the Coral Sea• Japanese forces moved toward Australia• May 1942 American navy engaged superior
Japanese fleet in the Coral Sea
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Five Day Battle Resulted in a Draw
• U.S. lost the Lexington and the Yorktown was damaged
• Japan lost two aircraft carriers and most of their airplanes
• RESULT: Prevented Japan from invading Australia
• First naval combat carried out entirely by aircraftcarriers were 70 miles apart
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The Battle of Midway
• Midway was a vital island in protecting Hawaii• Began on June 4, 1942• Japanese bombers struck first, BUT American
warplanes counterattacked• Americans sank all 4 Japanese aircraft carriers• Japan lost 4 carriers, 250 planes and most of
their skilled pilotsTHE TURNING POINT IN THE PACIFIC!!
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The Battle of Guadalcanal• Solomon Islands off the coast of
AustraliaJapanese air base being built to launch attack on Australia
• 11,000 marines landed on island2,200 Japanese fled into the jungle
• Lasted 5 months—Americans controlled waters
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Island-hopping
• A strategy of selectively attacking enemy-held islands
• Oct. 1944 General MacArthur returned to the Philippines with 160,000 troops
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Battle of Leyte Gulf
• 280 warships battled for 3 days• Heavy use of kamikazes or suicide planes• US Navy destroyed virtually entire Japanese
navy• Philippines liberated from Japan
Greatest naval battle in world history!!
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Iwo Jima and Okinawa
• Feb 1945 US marines invaded Iwo Jima, 700 miles from Japan
• April to June 1945—Battle of Okinawa, 350 miles from Japan– Allies victorious, but costliest engagement in the
Pacific– 50,000 American troops dead
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The Manhattan Project
• In 1939 Albert Einstein escaped from Germany to the U.S.informed FDR of Germany’s atomic capability
• FDR created the Manhattan Project, a top secret project to develop an atomic bomb
• July 16, 1945world’s first atomic bomb exploded in New Mexico desert
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The Decision to Drop the Bomb
• Ways to end the war:– Massive invasion of Japancost millions of Allied
casualties– Naval blockade of Japan– Demonstrate the power of the bomb
• Harry S. Truman became President in April 1945 after FDR’s death
• Truman decided to drop the bomb
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Japan Surrenders• Aug. 6, 1945 the Enola Gay
dropped a single atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a city in southern Japan– 80,000 dead and city destroyed
• Aug. 9 a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki
• Aug. 15, Americans celebrated V-J Day (Victory in Japan)
• Formal surrender agreement signed on Sept. 2, 1945