the italian peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. trade 2. cultural...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Italian Peninsula was The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for a natural crossroads for the following activities:the following activities:
1. Trade1. Trade
2. Cultural 2. Cultural exchangeexchange
3. Conquest3. Conquest
![Page 2: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
This mountain system to This mountain system to the north provided Italy the north provided Italy with a natural protection with a natural protection
from invaders:from invaders:
The The AlpsAlps
![Page 3: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Additionally, the following three Additionally, the following three seas (to the East, South and seas (to the East, South and
West) surrounding the West) surrounding the peninsula gave protection:peninsula gave protection:
11. Adriatic. Adriatic
2. Mediterranean2. Mediterranean
3. Tyrrhenian3. Tyrrhenian
![Page 4: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Integral to Ancient Rome’s Integral to Ancient Rome’s culture, politics and art was culture, politics and art was
this polytheistic religion:this polytheistic religion:
Roman Roman mythologymythology
![Page 5: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
While western culture adopted While western culture adopted many of the Roman symbols many of the Roman symbols
and images, the Romans and images, the Romans adopted THEIR religious ideas adopted THEIR religious ideas
from:from:
The ancient The ancient GreeksGreeks
![Page 6: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
While the Greek god of the While the Greek god of the sky was Zeus, the Roman sky was Zeus, the Roman
god was:god was:
JupiterJupiter
![Page 7: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Juno may be defined as Juno may be defined as the equivalent of the the equivalent of the
Greek goddess (Queen of Greek goddess (Queen of the gods)the gods)
HeraHera
![Page 8: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Roman god of the sea:Roman god of the sea:
NeptuneNeptune
![Page 9: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Roman Sun god Roman Sun god
ApolloApollo
![Page 10: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Roman goddess of light Roman goddess of light and huntingand hunting
DIANADIANA
![Page 11: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Roman goddess of arts Roman goddess of arts and professions and professions
MINERVAMINERVA
![Page 12: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Roman God of War and Roman God of War and the red planet:the red planet:
MarsMars
![Page 13: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Goddess of beauty, another Goddess of beauty, another planetplanet
VenusVenus
![Page 14: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The three social classes of The three social classes of the Roman Republic the Roman Republic
included:included:
1. Patricians1. Patricians
2. Plebeians2. Plebeians
3. Slaves3. Slaves
![Page 15: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Romans & Greeks made The Romans & Greeks made slaves out of captives. In slaves out of captives. In Athens, this percentage of Athens, this percentage of
people were slaves:people were slaves:
1/3!!!1/3!!!
![Page 16: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Roman nobility who The Roman nobility who were few in number were were few in number were
called:called:
PatriciansPatricians
![Page 17: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The majority of the population The majority of the population consisting of landowners, consisting of landowners,
townspeople, merchants and townspeople, merchants and small farmers were called:small farmers were called:
PlebeianPlebeianss
![Page 18: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Typically, in Ancient Rome, Typically, in Ancient Rome, one became a slave by:one became a slave by:
Being Being conqueredconquered
![Page 19: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What classes have the What classes have the privilege of citizenship in the privilege of citizenship in the
Roman Republic?Roman Republic?
Patricians and plebeiansPatricians and plebeians
(An alien could be (An alien could be granted citizenship only granted citizenship only
with special with special authorization)authorization)
![Page 20: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What were some of the What were some of the obligations of Roman obligations of Roman
citizenship?citizenship?
1. Voting1. Voting2. Paying taxes2. Paying taxes3. Serving in 3. Serving in the militarythe military
![Page 21: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Two _______ were Two _______ were elected by the Assembly elected by the Assembly
to serve Rome for 1 to serve Rome for 1 year. They held the year. They held the
power of VETO.power of VETO.
ConsulsConsuls
![Page 22: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Although relatively Although relatively powerless, the plebeians powerless, the plebeians
could be elected to be one could be elected to be one of 10 _________ with the of 10 _________ with the
ability to veto Senate bills.ability to veto Senate bills.
TribunesTribunes
![Page 23: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Twelve Tables The Twelve Tables improved this aspect of improved this aspect of Rome for the plebeians:Rome for the plebeians:
Laws were Laws were codified codified (written) (written)
and publicly and publicly displayeddisplayed
![Page 24: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
These wars were fought These wars were fought between Rome and between Rome and
Carthage:Carthage:
Punic Punic WarsWars
![Page 25: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
This Carthaginian This Carthaginian general led an invasion general led an invasion
of Italy with his of Italy with his elephants!elephants!
HannibalHannibal
![Page 26: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What are 3 results of the What are 3 results of the wars with Carthage?wars with Carthage?
1. Carthage was devastated.1. Carthage was devastated.
2. Rome developed a powerful navy 2. Rome developed a powerful navy and rose to supremacy in the and rose to supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea.Mediterranean Sea.
3. Rome went on to conquer 3. Rome went on to conquer mainland Europe.mainland Europe.
![Page 27: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
As a result of this change by As a result of this change by the large landowners, many the large landowners, many
small farmers became small farmers became unemployed and moved to unemployed and moved to
cities for work:cities for work:
latifundialatifundia
![Page 28: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Roman conquest made Roman conquest made possible cultural diffusion possible cultural diffusion
through:through:
1.1. Military Military
occupationoccupation
2. Trade2. Trade
![Page 29: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
This brilliant Roman This brilliant Roman general led the conquest general led the conquest
of Gaul (France) as well as of Gaul (France) as well as the British Isles:the British Isles:
Julius Julius CaesarCaesar
![Page 30: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The result of the civil The result of the civil war between Caesar’s war between Caesar’s
forces and the Senate’s forces and the Senate’s forces was:forces was:
A victory for A victory for Caesar – he Caesar – he
became became dictator for life.dictator for life.
![Page 31: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
4 main causes for decline of 4 main causes for decline of the Roman the Roman RepublicRepublic were: were:
1. 1. Slavery spread.Slavery spread.
2. Small farmers became 2. Small farmers became unemployed and unemployed and moved to cities.moved to cities.
3. The civil war that led to 3. The civil war that led to Caesar’s rise in power.Caesar’s rise in power.
4. Inflation – Roman 4. Inflation – Roman coinage became less coinage became less valuable so prices of valuable so prices of goods went up.goods went up.
![Page 32: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The first emperor of The first emperor of Rome after he defeated Rome after he defeated
Mark Anthony was:Mark Anthony was:
Augustus Augustus Caesar Caesar
(or (or Octavian)Octavian)
![Page 33: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The end of the Roman Republic The end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the and the beginning of the Roman Empire may be Roman Empire may be
attributed to these 2 causes:attributed to these 2 causes:
1.1. Civil war and the Civil war and the rise of Augustus rise of Augustus Caesar.Caesar.
2.2. The failure to The failure to provide for the provide for the succession of succession of emperors.emperors.
![Page 34: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The basis for the power of The basis for the power of the Roman Empire was:the Roman Empire was:
The The army.army.
![Page 35: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Inflation hit Rome because Inflation hit Rome because of:of:
1. Money 1. Money needed for needed for military military conquest.conquest.2. Money 2. Money needed for needed for defense.defense.
![Page 36: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
3 good economic impacts 3 good economic impacts of the Roman Empire:of the Roman Empire:
1.1. Uniform coinage to Uniform coinage to enhance trade.enhance trade.
2.2. Guaranteed safe Guaranteed safe travel on Roman travel on Roman roads.roads.
3.3. Prosperity and Prosperity and stability.stability.
![Page 37: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
a good social aspect of a good social aspect of the Roman Empire:the Roman Empire:
Social classes were stabilized Social classes were stabilized under central authority.under central authority.
![Page 38: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
2 good political aspects 2 good political aspects of the Roman Empire:of the Roman Empire:
1. A civil service was 1. A civil service was created.created.
2. A uniform rule of 2. A uniform rule of law was established.law was established.
![Page 39: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
T/F: The Roman law provided a T/F: The Roman law provided a foundation for law in nations foundation for law in nations that developed in Western that developed in Western
Europe.Europe.
True!True!
![Page 40: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The Christian faith is The Christian faith is based on the teachings based on the teachings
of:of:
Jesus Jesus ChristChrist
![Page 41: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
5 major Christian beliefs 5 major Christian beliefs include:include:
One GodOne God Jesus as son of God.Jesus as son of God. Life after death.Life after death. Church recognition of Church recognition of
all who believe.all who believe. All people are equal All people are equal
before God.before God.
![Page 42: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Christianity was spread by Christianity was spread by the writings and teachings the writings and teachings
of:of:
Apostles and Apostles and other other
missionariesmissionaries..
![Page 43: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Christian doctrine was Christian doctrine was affirmed and clarified by affirmed and clarified by religious assemblies like religious assemblies like
the:the:
Council of Nicea Council of Nicea
![Page 44: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
One of the reasons the One of the reasons the Christians were persecuted Christians were persecuted in the Roman Empire was:in the Roman Empire was:
They were They were MONOTHEISTIC MONOTHEISTIC and refused to and refused to acknowledge acknowledge
the Emperor as the Emperor as god.god.
![Page 45: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
In 66 AD this fiddle playing In 66 AD this fiddle playing Roman Emperor blamed the Roman Emperor blamed the burning of Rome upon the burning of Rome upon the
Christians:Christians:
NERONERO
![Page 46: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
This Roman emperor ended the This Roman emperor ended the persecution of Christians when persecution of Christians when
he converted to Christianity he converted to Christianity and made it the official faith of and made it the official faith of
the Romanthe Roman Empire:Empire:
CONSTANTINECONSTANTINE
![Page 47: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Christianity has its origins in Christianity has its origins in this earlier faith:this earlier faith:
JUDAISMJUDAISM
![Page 48: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The leader of the Roman The leader of the Roman Catholic Church is the Catholic Church is the bishop of Rome or the:bishop of Rome or the:
POPEPOPE
![Page 49: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Religious districts were Religious districts were directed by these directed by these church officials:church officials:
BISHOPSBISHOPS
![Page 50: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The individuals who directly The individuals who directly served a particular parish served a particular parish
were called:were called:
PRIESTSPRIESTS
![Page 51: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
With the fall of the Roman With the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, the Empire in 476 AD, the
people of western Europe people of western Europe turned to this institution for turned to this institution for
security:security:
THE THE CATHOLIC CATHOLIC CHURCHCHURCH
![Page 52: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Major Roman architectural Major Roman architectural achievements included:achievements included:(1) The great arena (1) The great arena (2) the temple to all gods and (2) the temple to all gods and (3) the city center around which (3) the city center around which govt. offices were built:govt. offices were built:
•ColosseumColosseum•PantheonPantheon•ForumForum
![Page 53: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Roman technological Roman technological improvements in improvements in
transportation and water transportation and water carrying included:carrying included:
RoadsRoads AqueductsAqueducts
![Page 54: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Romance languages such Romance languages such as Italian, Spanish and as Italian, Spanish and French are based upon French are based upon
this root language:this root language:
LATINLATIN
![Page 55: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Ptolemy was a scientist of Ptolemy was a scientist of the Roman Era who believed the Roman Era who believed
the universe was the universe was GEOCENTRIC, meaning?GEOCENTRIC, meaning?
EARTH EARTH CenteredCentered
![Page 56: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Great Roman poet who, in Great Roman poet who, in the tradition of Homer, the tradition of Homer,
wrote the Aeneid?wrote the Aeneid?
VirgilVirgil
![Page 57: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Roman The Roman EmpireEmpire declined as a result of:declined as a result of:
Economic decline Economic decline and inflationand inflation
Military costs and Military costs and change in armychange in army
Moral decayMoral decay Political turmoil and Political turmoil and
civil warcivil war Invasions by Invasions by
Germanic tribesGermanic tribes
![Page 58: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The last ROMAN The last ROMAN emperor reigned in this emperor reigned in this
year:year:
476 AD476 AD
![Page 59: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The Roman Emperor who The Roman Emperor who divided the Roman Empire divided the Roman Empire
into East and West was:into East and West was:
DiocletianDiocletian
![Page 60: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Constantine founded a Constantine founded a new capital at new capital at
Byzantium and named Byzantium and named it:it:
CONSTANTINOPLECONSTANTINOPLE
![Page 61: The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads for the following activities: 1. Trade 2. Cultural exchange 3. Conquest](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e7c5503460f94b7efb5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Advantages of the new Advantages of the new capital included:capital included:
Closer to Silk Closer to Silk Road and more Road and more financially financially stablestable
Easier to defend Easier to defend b/c of military b/c of military and and fortificationsfortifications