The Masters

The Italian Masters1

14232Renaissance ArtistsMasters weve covered:LeonardoMichelangelo

Whos left?3

4Characteristics of Renaissance ArtRealism & EmotionPerspectiveHumanism (Greco/Roman Classicism)IndividualismGeometric Arrangements

5Realism & Emotion

Expulsion of Adam and EveMasaccio, 1425

Ma-sa-choOnly lived to be 26 years old.Painted this in 4 days.Eve: Wailing, covering her nakednessAdam: Covering eyes. Both are blind.First nude frescoes since classical times.

6Geometry & PerspectiveLinear perspectiveHorizonVanishing PointOrthogonals

The TrinityMasaccio - 1428Believed that Brunelleschi invented one point linear perspective22 feet by 10 feet 5 inchesAll architecture is painted in.Tomb at bottom had been lost and was only recently rediscovered. Says I was that which you are. You will be that which I am. Skeleton would be at eye height of kneeling parishioner. Kneeled people on sides commissioned the pieceWhite collar of God is actually a dove.Trinity Father, Son and Holy Spirit (God, Jesus & dove) Triangle reinforces trinity

7Individualism & Realism

Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoPiero della Francesca, 1472.Possibly painted right after she died after giving birth to their son.Pose is similar to Roman coins.Symbolism: Her sleeves have pine cones, thistles, and pomegranates all symbols of fertitliy and immortality

His face: He was injured in a jousting accident. To please a lady friend he jousted with his visor up. The lance broke his nose and mutilated his eye. Warts are included to emphasize realism

The hills in back diminish with distance as if on a curved surface. Rumbles at that time that Earth was round.8Sacrifice of IsaacContest Entries for Baptistery DoorsBrunelleschiGhiberti

Brunelleschi: Movement. Angel holding Abraham who is holding Isaac. Stress in angular pose and flowing robes. Brunelleschi made each figure and then fused them on.

Ghiberti: Isaacs torso is very classical. Angel doesnt need to hold Isaac. Ghibertis was all one casting.9Ghiberti Gates of ParadiseBaptistery Door, Florence 1425 - 1452

Gates of Paradise named by Michelangelo. Gilded.Joseph and his Brothers. Simultaneous action: Upper right brothers selling Joseph into slavery. Bottom is Joseph framing Benjamin. Middle left shows Joseph revealing himself. Arcade is masterful application of classic architecture.10David Donatello, 1430s

Owned by the Medicis. Made 70 years prior to MichelangelosFirst full nude since antiquity.David is youthful, feminine. Hats and boots call attention to nakedness.11

12The School of AthensRaphael, 1510 - 1511Linear perspectiveSecular themeAll of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included

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The School of Athens Raphael, 1510 -11Fresco. In the Papal apartments. Private libraryVatican is the center of high renaissance artArchitecture space mirrors the design of the new St. Peter which was being built

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Plato on left with Leonardos face. Raised finger. The world of the Ideal.

Aristotle on right. Open hand facing down is materialism15

The School of Athens Raphael, 1510 -1116

Alexander the Great & Socrates17

The School of Athens Raphael, 1510 -1118

Pythagoras19

The School of Athens Raphael, 1510 -1120

Vasari led us to believe that its Zoroaster with star globe, but actually its Stabo the Greek who linked Earth and heavens. Why would an Iranian prophetPtolemy holds Earth and is marked by Macedonian crown worn by Ptolemys of ancient Egypt.Euclid pointing to ground (as Bramante)21

The School of Athens Raphael, 1510 -1122

Raphael and his friend Sedoma23

The School of Athens Raphael, 1510 -1124

Herodotus MichelangeloSection was added late. He bribed his way into the Sistine Chapel, saw Michelangelos work and knew he needed to include him in this piece.Examine the color of Ms robe and think back to the color of Gods robe on the ceiling. Put his in the garb of a stone mason.25

The School of Athens Raphael, 1510 -11Guy lying on stairs is Diogenes (The Dog). He lived in a barrel. Followed stoicism. Ignored an invite to Alexanders corronation. A showed up and asked, Is there anything I can do for you? D replied, You can stop blocking the sunlight.26The Birth of Venus, Botticelli Sandro: 1485-86; Tempera on canvas, 172.5 x 278.5 cm; now in the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence

Actually Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi. Botticelli means little barrels his older brother made barrels for a living.

Saturn castrates his father, Uranus, and throws his genitals into the sea. It gets all foamy and Venus floats out.

Symbolism: Roses = love, thought to be created when Venus was born.Waves are stylized in V shaped patterns

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Zephyr, the West Wind, and Chloris, a nymph he kidnapped and who later became his wife.28

The Capitoline Venus is a type of statue of Venus, specifically one of several Venus Pudica (modest Venus) types (others include the Venus de' Medici type), which ultimately derive from the Aphrodite of Cnidus. It is recognisable from the position of the arms - standing after a bath, Venus begins to cover her breasts with her right hand, and her groin with her left hand. This original of this type (from which the following copies derive) is thought to be a lost third or second century BCE variation on Praxiteles' work from Asia Minor, which modifies the Praxitelean tradition by a carnal and voluptuous treatment of the subject and the goddess's modest gesture with both hands (rather than only one - over the groin - in Praxiteles's original).29

Lots of hair softens the face.Her eyes arent focused. Shes gazing into the distance, lost in her own thoughts.Great bone structure, strong cheeks and jaw lines30

MeaningRoses around waist, more loveGreen myrtle around shoulders ever lasting love.

The flower Anemone signifies anticipation, in this case of spring.

In folklore, cornflowers were worn by young men in love; if the flower faded too quickly, it was taken as a sign that the man's love was unrequited.

Orange Tree - Generosity31

Primavera Botticelli, 1477

10 feet acrossLimited shading so figures seem weightlessPortrait is considered one of the most beautiful faces to come out of the RenaissanceCentral figure is Venus. Foliage around her create haloThree graces they attend VenusMercury shooing away cloudsZephyr grapping a nymph who changes into Flora.32Venus of Urbino Titian, 1558

16th Century female nudes were most popular commission.What is the woman preparing for? Marriage: dog is fidelity, servants in a wedding chest, the roses and myrtle plant symbolize love and fertility.Extremely sexual pose.33