the internationalization of higher education emerlinda r. roman university of the philippines
TRANSCRIPT
The Internationalization of Higher Education
EMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
University of the PhilippinesUniversity of the Philippines
improvement in the quality of education increases in the quantity of graduates
and other outputs efficiency in the way universities are
managed graduates with a global outlook
Globalization has demanded from universities the following:
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
curricular programs more responsive to national needsuse of teaching materials that have local or national flavoruse of national languagefocus teaching on promoting nationalist ideals
Higher EducationHigher Education
FROM nationalization
(inward looking)
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
TO internationalization
international higher education’s role in augmenting national capacity with focus on a country’s development as it relates with other countries
FROM nationalization
(outward looking)
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Higher EducationHigher Education
International StrategiesInternational Strategies
cross-border education
internationalizing curriculum
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Reasons/Drivers of Cross-Border Education
1. Increasing demand for quality higher education
2. Inadequate opportunities for higher education in the home country
3. Increasing support and initiatives for studies abroad
national governments
foreign governments
international providers
private sector
4. Increasing interest in international, regional, country studies programs
Cross-Border EducationCross-Border Education
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Forms of Cross-Border Education
1. student mobility
2. program or institution mobility
3. professor mobility
Cross-Border EducationCross-Border Education
Trends*:1. Bright students from developing countries cross over to
study in the world’s best universities.
SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Students cross borders to receive foreign education.
Student MobilityStudent Mobility
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Trends*:2. China and India are biggest exporters of students.
SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services
Student MobilityStudent Mobility
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
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Trends*:3. US, Great Britain, France, Germany and Australia are
favorite destinations.
SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services
Student MobilityStudent Mobility
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Trends*:4. In Asia, Japan is most popular destination.
SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services
Student MobilityStudent Mobility
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
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Trends*:5. Choice of country and university influenced by:
- perceived quality and reputation of university/education system
- geography- historical connections to particular countries- language- affordability- accessibility- possibility of subsequent migration
SOURCE: OECD/Norway Forum on Trade in Educational Services
Student MobilityStudent Mobility
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Types*:
• Franchising agreement
• Twinning arrangement
• Distance learning/online education
• Branch campuses
SOURCE: Simon Marginson and Grant McBurnie, “Cross-border Post-Secondary Education in the Asia Pacific Region”
Program/Institution MobilityProgram/Institution Mobility
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Program or institution crosses borders.
- usually part of academic exchange programs
- professors handle courses with international dimensions
Professor MobilityProfessor Mobility
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Professors cross borders.
- International relations- International business- International finance- Chinese studies- Japan studies- European studies- Asian studies
Internationalizing the CurriculumInternationalizing the Curriculum
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Offering courses with international dimension
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1. Preference is the Filipino students.
2. Hiring policy prioritize Filipino nationals.
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Constraints of a State/Public University
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The Case of the University of the PhilippinesThe Case of the University of the Philippines
The Case of the University of the PhilippinesThe Case of the University of the Philippines
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
No. of international students in 2007-2008
No. of international faculty last 3 years
No. of international conferences organized in last 3 years
No. of faculty sent abroad to read papers in international conferences funded by UP in the last 3 years
No. of academic cooperation agreements
UP is member of several international networks
: 1000
: 341
: 260
: 1709
: 200
Internationalization of Higher EducationInternationalization of Higher Education
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Who benefits?
Gains from Internationalization of Higher EducationGains from Internationalization of Higher Education
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
1. Capacity building
2. Mutual understanding
3. Global citizenship
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Problems with InternationalizationProblems with Internationalization
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
1. Brain drain- attraction of higher paying jobs, better working conditions and comfortable lifestyles in developed countries have discouraged students from returning home- some developed countries are unable to produce their own human resource requirements and compete for foreign professionals- some developing countries are unable to recoup their investment in their scholars.
2. International education responds more to market forces than to requisites for nation-building- Skeptics argue that the ascendance of a market ideology has weakened the concept of country and of nationalism
3. Migration from public sector to private sector- BUT, a booming private sector can augment national development efforts.
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Problems with InternationalizationProblems with Internationalization
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The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
In the knowledge-based economy, knowledge workers and professionals are the most sought after and the most important competitive advantage that a country can have.
Challenge is for countries to translate this competitive advantage into opportunities that will benefit the country.
Philippines – “Balik Scientist” Program
India – Technoparks have attracted their engineers and scientists back home
Taiwan – overseas Chinese invest in Taiwan, some come home to become successful entrepreneurs
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN
Challenge is to convert brain drain into “ brain circulation” so that there is “net brain gain” to the country.
The Internationalization of Higher EducationThe Internationalization of Higher EducationEMERLINDA R. ROMANEMERLINDA R. ROMAN