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The Input-Output Tables for Wales 2007

Input Output Tables Welsh Economy Research Unit for Wales 2007 July 2010

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The Input-Output Tables for Wales 2007

Report by:

Calvin Jones, Jane Bryan, Max Munday & Annette Roberts Welsh Economy Research Unit

Cardiff Business School

For: Environment Agency Wales

July 2010

Contact:

02920 875470 [email protected]

Cardiff Business School

Colum Drive Cardiff

CF10 3EU, UK www.weru.org.uk


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1! Introduction ........................................................................................................................4!

1.1! The Welsh Input-Output Project..................................................................................................4!1.2! Input-Output Tables ....................................................................................................................4!1.3! Using the Tables..........................................................................................................................5!1.4! Structure of the Report.................................................................................................................6!

2! Methodology.......................................................................................................................7!2.1! Survey and Non-Survey Approaches ...........................................................................................7!2.2! The History of Methodological Developments in Wales ..............................................................8!2.3! The 2007 Methodology ...............................................................................................................9!2.4! Construction of the 2007 Input-Output Tables: Key Issues...........................................................9!2.5! Examining Industry demands for products in Wales...................................................................10!2.6! Estimating Final Demand for Products .......................................................................................11!

3! The Welsh Economy in 2007 ............................................................................................15!3.1! Introduction ..............................................................................................................................15!3.2! The Structure of the Domestic-Use Table ..................................................................................15!3.3! The Welsh Economy in 2007: Distribution of Output and Gross Value Added ..........................18!3.4! Compensation of Employees .....................................................................................................20!3.5! Regional Purchases of goods and services and exports ..............................................................20!

4! Developments and Applications........................................................................................23!4.1! Electricity Generation in Wales .................................................................................................23!4.2! Tourism in Wales ......................................................................................................................25!

5! Modelling the Welsh Economy: Multiplier Analysis...........................................................28!5.1! Introduction ..............................................................................................................................28!5.2! Modelling Changes in the Regional Economy............................................................................28!5.3! Output and Employment Multipliers for Industries in Wales, 2007 ............................................29!5.4! Using the Multipliers .................................................................................................................30!5.5! Limits on the Use of the basic Input-Output Framework ............................................................31!

6! Adding Value: Development of the 2007 IO Tables for Wales...........................................33!6.1! Input-Output Tables and their Uses ...........................................................................................33!6.2! The Welsh Input Output Tables Environmental Module (IO-EM) ...............................................33!6.3! Gaining insights into the impacts of Welsh consumption...........................................................34!6.4! Waste and Water.......................................................................................................................35!6.5! Developing the Input-Output framework...................................................................................35!6.6! The Tourism Satellite Account for Wales 2007 ..........................................................................36!6.7! The Tourism Impact and Planning Model for Wales ..................................................................37!

Appendix 1 – Domestic Use Matrix, Wales 2007 ....................................................................39!Appendix 2 - Input-Output Industry/Commodity Groups (SIC 2003)........................................40!


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1 Introduction

1.1 The Welsh Input-Output Project

1.1.1 This report presents the latest iteration of the Welsh Input-Output project, and an update of

the Tables for base year 2007. This phase of the project has been supported by Environment

Agency Wales and represents a continuation of work within WERU that began with the

publication of the Welsh Input-Output Tables for 1994. Subsequent tables have been

published for 1996 and 2000.

1.1.2 Since project inception advice and information has been sought and supplied by the Welsh

Assembly Government (WAG), other Welsh institutions, and the Office for National

Statistics (ONS). However, the authors of this report are responsible for the information

presented within this report.

1.1.3 Input-Output analysis is a way of describing an economic system. The performance of a

given system (even a small one like Wales) is determined by the relationships between each

of its component parts, i.e. its buyers and sellers, and these relationships can be described

with some precision and clarity using the Input-Output framework.

1.2 Input-Output Tables

1.2.1 These latest Input-Output tables provide a useful and detailed financial map of Wales in

2007. This map plots the flow of goods and services between industries, consumers and

government, highlighting the intricate inter-relationships between industries in the

contemporary Welsh economy.

1.2.2 Each industry in Wales relies to a greater or lesser extent on other regional industries, as

well as using labour inputs, and imported goods and services. The tables allow comparisons

between industries in terms of their pattern of resource use, and the sectoral and

geographical destinations of their outputs including the level of export activity.

1.2.3 National accounts can be used to show the nature and values of goods and services that

make up final demand, and the outputs and incomes generated by the reference economy.

However, they do not reveal the industry linkages connecting different activities. Hence, the

Input-Output framework should be seen as a detailed statement of account, allowing the

reconciliation of the different components of the national (regional) product.


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1.3 Using the Tables

1.3.1 The appendices to the volume contain the Welsh Input-Output tables, in the form of a

Domestic-Use table. This shows the product input structure of 88 defined Welsh industries,

and total imports of commodities and services. It is important to understand the difference

between industries and products (or commodities). Industries are defined by a set of

Standard Industry Classifications (SIC2003). However, these industries often produce more

than one product. Construction is a good example. The output of the Welsh construction

sector will not be the same as output of construction product. This is because there are

other Welsh industries apart from the construction sector that produce a product called

construction. Examples include the steel industry, and the agricultural and forest industries.

These tables highlight the product (commodity) composition of total Welsh final demand

and the intermediate consumption patterns for 88 separately defined industries.

1.3.2 The tables allow the examination of:

• The type of inputs used for each Welsh industry. The columns of the table show each industry’s purchases of Welsh products, as well as imports and labour requirements.

• The destination of commodities. The rows of the table show the sales of each product to intermediate (i.e. other industries) and final demand sectors of the Welsh economy, including exports of that commodity.

• The contribution of different industries to total Welsh gross value added.

1.3.3 Table 1.1 summarises some of the applications of the Welsh Input Output tables. They have

been used to show the value of specific industry activities to the regional economy

including, for example, the steel industry, the electrical and electronics industry, and the

forestry industry. They have increasingly been used to estimate the consequences of

activities that are more difficult to isolate in conventional frameworks such as the tourism,

arts, cultural and media sectors. Analysis developed from the Input-Output framework has

informed new policy, and increased understanding of the economic contribution of

complex sectors.

1.3.4 Often the indirect consequences of particular elements of Welsh infrastructure are of

interest, for example, roads, ports, and stadia, as well as activity such as new build business

incubator units, or the regeneration activities of housing associations. The tables have also

been used to examine the role of new policy initiatives.

1.3.5 Academic applications of the tables have included examining the effects of changes in the

foreign manufacturing sector in Wales, showing for example, the supply chain effects of

new inward investments. Section 4 of this report describes how the tables have formed the

basis for complex economic models of the regional economy.


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Table 1.1 Uses of Input-Output Tables: Wales Study types Groups supporting the research Economic impact studies for manufacturing sectors including evaluations of steel industry closures, the coal industry, and the electronics sector.

Welsh Assembly Government, Celtic Energy, National Power, WDA.

Assessment of forest industry transactions in the Welsh economy.

Forestry Commission, Pren Cymru, WDA.

Examination of the economic role of foreign manufacturing in the Welsh economy, analysis of productivity spillovers.

Economic and Social Research Council, WDA.

Examination of role of arts and cultural industries in the regional economy, and development of new strategies.

Arts Council for Wales, National Museums and Galleries Wales, BBC, HTV, S4C, Brecon Jazz.

Evaluation of new and developing road infrastructure.

British Road Federation, Brown and Root, Welsh Office, Welsh Assembly Government.

Evaluation of the role of specific infrastructure, including housing and incubator space.

Cardiff County Council, Cardiff Business Technology Centre, Cardiff Medicentre. Community Housing Cymru.

Evaluation of regional policy and grants frameworks.

Countryside Council for Wales, WDA.

Evaluation of the higher and further education sectors in the regional economy.

Heads of HE in Wales, British Council & WDA.

Tourism Satellite Account Visit Wales, National Museums and Galleries Wales, Locum Destination Consulting, National Science Museum.

Connections between economy and environment, and development of environmental Input-Output models and satellite accounts (see later).

Countryside Council for Wales, Observatory for a Sustainable Knowledge Based Region (OsKAR, Cardiff Business School), Environment Agency Wales

Note: For further details of the above projects see www.weru.org.uk

1.3.6 The tables have been applied in a wide variety of fields of interest and been of value to

many different stakeholder groups including the Welsh Assembly Government, the private

sector, the higher and further education sectors, as well as non-governmental organisations.

1.4 Structure of the Report

1.4.1 The remainder of the report is structured as follows. Section 2 summarises how the Input-

Output tables for 2007 were developed, describing key data issues and construction

methodology. Further technical details of construction methods can be obtained from the

authors.

1.4.2 The third section describes the structure of the Input-Output tables and then summarises the

key aspects of the Welsh economy in 2007. Section 4 describes how the Input-Output

tables have been used to develop models showing the effects of changes in the regional

economy. The fifth section describes the use of multiplier analysis and the sixth, planned

further developments. The appendices to this volume contain the full 88 product-by-

industry Domestic Use Table, together with definitions of industries used.


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2 Methodology

2.1 Survey and Non-Survey Approaches

2.1.1 This section summarises the methodology used to construct the 2007 Welsh Input-Output

tables, and includes an outline of the data issues and assumptions. This section will also

highlight methodological developments since the previously published Tables which relate

to the year 2000.

2.1.2 The construction of Input-Output tables is a highly data intensive activity. A key component

in the process is the collection and use of information relating to inter-industry trade within

the region (i.e. the sales and purchasing patterns of firms and organisations). In summary,

there are three broad alternative approaches that can be adopted in the construction of

regional Tables – a survey-based, a non-survey based, or a hybrid approach. These

approaches are differentiated by the amount of inference that is drawn from information and

relationships contained within the UK Input-Output framework.

2.1.3 With limited resources and no ‘superior’ (i.e. survey-based) data relating to the purchasing

patterns of firms within the region, a purely non-survey approach would be used. In this

case, the national Input-Output framework is used to develop a regional specification

through a process of mechanical reduction, with calibration often based upon the different

industry/employment specialisation of the region compared to the national average. In other

words, the UK Input-Output tables are scaled to the regional level and the directions of

regional industry purchases and sales are inferred from national patterns. Whilst this

approach is relatively inexpensive and transparent, there are concerns relating to accuracy.

2.1.4 At the other end of the cost/data intensive scale is a full survey of regional firms and

institutions. This is the ideal, as it would capture the ‘true’ purchasing relationships within

the economy, rather than relying on a modified version of the UK structures. However a full

survey would be difficult to achieve given the massive survey burden this would entail. A

third alternative is a hybrid approach using a mixture of survey and non-survey methods to

construct the regional framework1. It is the hybrid approach that has been used in Wales,

with the aim of providing the most accurate and survey-intensive coverage of the economy

as allowable within the time and resource constraints of this latest round of Table updating

and extension.

1 Brand, S. (1997) On the Appropriate Use of Location Quotients in Generating Regional Input-Output Tables: A Comment Regional Studies, Volume 31, Issue 8 November 1997 pp 791 - 794


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2.2 The History of Methodological Developments in Wales

2.2.1 The Welsh Input-Output tables are in a continuing state of evolution, as new data sources

and survey information are incorporated in an iterative process. For the 1994 Tables the UK

Input-Output framework was adjusted to take account of regional specialisation. Following

this the tables were improved with reference to regionally derived survey information.

2.2.2 In the 1995 project the use of non-survey techniques was minimised. As a result the 1995

Input-Output tables were first drawn together on the basis of regionally derived survey

information. This left a number of ‘gaps’ in table coverage i.e. limited information on the

purchasing and sales patterns of some industries; some sectors covered by just a few survey

returns; and absence of control totals in terms of gross industry outputs etc. The next stage of

the process used a series of published statistics to inform control totals (which were used to

‘scale-up’ the survey data to represent the whole sector), and to check on how far the

information derived from the regional industry surveys was representative.

2.2.3 As more regional data has been derived from Welsh industries, the reliance on the national

Input-Output framework has reduced. The body of survey evidence is growing. Each of the

tables for 1994, 1995, 1996, and 2000 were directly informed by a regional industry survey.

Moreover, the evidence base has also been informed by specific projects that have been

undertaken between surveys. For example, the 2000 Tables were informed by a great deal

of information on the purchasing and sales patterns of forestry industries in Wales, collected

as part of a study for the Forestry Commission in 1999-20002. Since the 2000 Tables, WERU

has been commissioned to undertake a number of projects across a variety of sectors (and

for specific developments) including (but not limited to) food processing, energy and water,

hospitality, and notably in the visitor economy, including on museums, attractions, stadia

and on culture, events and festivals (see Table 1.1 for a selection of recent studies).

2.2.4 In 2005 WERU produced a full set of I-O Tables with a base year of 2003 in part funded by

the Welsh Development Agency. Whilst these were never formally published they have also

informed the wider development of the project.

2.2.5 These latest Tables, which relate to 2007, incorporate a further round of methodological

development to provide additional details on the scale and behaviour of different

energy/electricity generating sectors in Wales, and in the area of the visitor economy

(specifically disaggregating visitor attractions).

2 for further information see for Bryan, J., Jones, C., Munday, M., Roberts, A. (2004) Welsh Input-Output Tables for 2000.Welsh Economy Research Unit, Cardiff Business School www.weru.org.uk


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2.3 The 2007 Methodology

2.3.1 The 2007 Input-Output Tables are based on information from a number of key sources,

supplemented by other primary and secondary sources as necessary. A summary of the

method is as follows.

2.3.2 Industry Size was estimated using information from WERU surveys, together with a

specially commissioned analysis of the Welsh results of the ONS Annual Business Inquiry

(ABI2). Where data gaps persisted, information on changes in the level of industries’ FTE

employment between 2003-2007 was used as a proxy for industry growth combined with

ONS information on appropriate price indices and productivity gains.

2.3.3 The above sources (WERU and ABI2) also provided information on key business metrics

such as compensation of employees, taxes and subsidies and profits, and hence on gross

value added for the 88 industries. Where data were missing, UK-national Input-Output

balances were used to fill gaps (appropriately amended to the Welsh regional scale).

2.3.4 The ABI2 also provided some outline information on inter-industry transactions, although

the bulk of these estimates of the scale of purchases, and all of the information on the level

of within-region purchases, were derived from WERU.

2.3.5 Most of the information relating to the final demands for industries’ products is derived from

published ONS and WAG sources. The exception is for the level of inter-regional exports,

where no official data exist, and the information is derived from WERU business surveys.

2.4 Construction of the 2007 Input-Output Tables: Key Issues

2.4.1 As with the previously published Tables for 2000 and the adoption of a hybrid approach to

the derivation of the Welsh Input-Output Tables for 2007, the construction process can be

characterised as having two distinct elements. First, the total supply of products and services

must be estimated. Then this must be equated to the total demand for goods and services.

Such demand will arise through intermediate consumption (i.e. industries buying products

for further processing) and through ‘final demand’, including that of consumers,

government, capital investment and export demand.

2.4.2 In the case of Wales, the estimation of the demand for products (both intermediate and final

demand) formed the dominant element in the construction of the Input-Output tables. There

was little direct information available to estimate the supply of products. Information from

previous iterations of the Welsh Input-Output project was used, and this was updated where

possible by reference to new data.


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2.4.3 With effort focused on demand-side estimation, this was then reconciled with supply in the

final stages. A final balancing process then took place where any anomalies and divergent

results were checked, and appropriate adjustments made on a case-by-case basis.

2.4.4 The following sections give a flavour of the construction process undertaken for the 2007

Input-Output Tables for Wales.

2.5 Examining Industry demands for products in Wales

2.5.1 The first stage in this process was to derive a Combined Use table. This table shows the total

industry consumption of products in purchaser prices i.e. what each defined industry

purchases whether from domestic production, from the rest of the UK or from overseas.

Additionally these individual purchases include any taxes and distributor margins.

2.5.2 The starting point in the estimation of the Combined Use Matrix for 2007 was a reference to

the purchasing patterns found in the 2003 Use Matrix. The 2003 purchasing coefficients for

each sector were overviewed and adjusted or replaced where necessary to incorporate more

recent information. Where no new data was available, reference was made to the changes

in the UK structures between 2003 and 2007. If, following further research, the team

considered changes were necessary to reflect sectoral developments at a UK level, the 2003

Welsh purchasing patterns were adjusted accordingly.

2.5.3 For the ‘new’ energy and recreation sectors, additional columns of data were added to

replace the previous aggregate sectors. In the case of electricity, this one sector was

replaced by five generating sectors, disaggregated by fuel type, and one transmission &

distribution sector (see Section 4.1 of this report for full detail). Recreation sectors were

disaggregated by type of attraction to add value to the analysis of tourism undertaken with

the linked tourism satellite account for Wales (Section 4.2).

2.5.4 Where possible, checks were made to ensure that, when combined, the overall purchases

and scale of the sector (once scaled-up) were consistent with previous data and with other

information. For example the scale of the theme parks and stadia sector can be compared

with the accounting returns of stadium operators and tourist attractions in Wales, whilst the

scale of the museums and galleries sector must relate sensibly to declared public sector

spending in the sector (with much of this now free at the point of consumption).


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2.5.5 The resulting Combined Use table required further adjustment to form a Domestic Use table

(which separately shows the value of purchases each defined industry and final demand

makes from within Wales, as opposed to from non-regional sources). The transformation

process requires the removal and separate reporting of margins, imports, and various taxes

and subsidies. Stripping out distribution and retail margins means that new row entries are

created for purchases of wholesale and retail products. The separate identification of taxes

less subsidies on products, together with imports of goods and services leads to the creation

of new rows found in the Domestic Use table.

2.5.6 The net result of these changes is that the Domestic Use table reveals intermediate

purchases of products at basic prices (that is net of taxes less subsidies on production with

margins allocated to appropriate sectors), and then new rows detailing imports, taxes less

subsidies on products, and then (as in the Combined Use) gross value added (made up of

taxes less subsidies on production, compensation of employees, and profits).

2.5.7 In undertaking the transformation from Combined to Domestic Use tables the research team

used a wide variety of national and regional data sources. These included the regional

survey base which aided in the estimation of import propensities for products used by

different industries.

2.6 Estimating Final Demand for Products

2.6.1 As earlier sections have shown, demand for products can originate from a number of

different groups. In Input-Output tables a distinction is made between such elements of

demand, typically reporting on; ! Industries i.e. intermediate demand (see above sub-section), ! Consumer, or household demand, ! Central and local Governments’ demand for products, ! Export demand (whether to other regions or other countries), ! Demand for products for investment purposes (also called capital expenditure).

2.6.2 It is also necessary to allow for changes in the stocks of products held by companies at the

beginning and end of the year, and this will appear as a (positive or negative) demand

within the Input-Output table. There is an element of flexibility in table construction. For

example, central and local government demand can be reported separately or in a single

column, as can regional and international exports. In addition demand attributable to

tourists may be reported separately, or as part of exports, depending upon the level of data

on tourists’ demand available during table construction, and upon the policy usefulness of

such a disaggregation.


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2.6.3 Each demand element must be fully reconciled with the supply of products in Wales. Thus,

it is necessary to be able to estimate, for example, not only how much consumers buy of

any identified product, but also how much of that product demand is supplied from within

Wales, or imported. This is true for every type of demand identified within the table. An

added complexity is that taxes must also be accounted for, and the fact that different

demand groups may be taxed differently when they purchase goods and services.

2.6.4 Compared to the estimation of industries use of products, in estimating final demand for

products, reliance is far heavier upon published sources of information on regional spending

patterns, and upon spending patterns revealed in the national Input-Output tables.

2.6.5 There is reasonably good information available (for example, from the Family Expenditure

Survey) regarding the purchasing patterns of households in Wales. Information is less good

(or in an unhelpful format) regarding other elements of demand, such as government,

tourism and changes in stock levels. For some elements, including regional exports and

capital investment, the availability of suitable information is very scarce.

2.6.6 The extent to which UK patterns can be amended depends upon the availability of

information at the regional level. Table 2.1 illustrates some of the data sources which are

available to support estimation of the elements of regional final demand.


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Table 2.1 Estimating Regional Final Demand in an Input-Output Framework Selected Functional Demands

Regional Data Sources

Availability and Quality

Consumers/ Households

Family Expenditure Survey – regional results.

Very Good. High disaggregation of purchases of goods and services.

Government Sector (Central and Local)

WAG published budgets and financial statements.

Good. Some difficulties in allocating local government spending to products.

Exports HM Customs and Excise database and WERU survey data for overseas exports.

Variable. HMRC data only available for manufactured products. No published data on inter-regional exports – have relied on WERU survey data in this case.

Changes in Stocks Company accounts, ABI (special analysis).

Reasonable estimate of overall stock changes by industry, complemented by examination of UK I-O Balances.

Capital Investment Company accounts, ABI (special analysis), ONS estimates of regional gross fixed capital formation.

Reasonable estimate of overall spending but many companies operating in Wales not registered in Wales (hence only limited use of Companies’ House data). Limited data on products purchased in capital investments.

Tourism United Kingdom Tourist Statistics - International Passenger Survey - Visit Wales 2005 Expenditure Survey.

Reasonable estimates of overall spending by type of tourist. Some disaggregation of expenditure - National level surveys complemented by detailed Visit Wales expenditure survey. Quality of data and sample size can be problematic in some surveys.

2.6.7 As is the case with industry demand information a number of steps must be undertaken to

adjust data from published surveys to be consistent with Input-Output concepts and

definitions. It is often difficult to reconcile Input-Output product groups (88 in Wales) with

the disaggregations available in published statistics, which are often much fewer (and thus

broader) and may be predicated along functional rather than product-specific lines. For

example, some tourist consumption surveys report upon the levels of spending on

‘shopping’, leaving a degree of judgement necessary to decide what sorts of products the

tourist might be purchasing.

2.6.8 Reference can be made to the demand for individual products as reported in UK Input-

Output tables, suitably amended by evidence from regionally reported surveys which show

how spending in Wales differs from national (UK) patterns.

2.6.9 Following the estimation of spending on individual products by type of demand group, it is

necessary to make expenditure estimates consistent with the Input-Output framework. First,

expenditure must be accounted for net of taxes on products, which are then reported

separately. Thus, UK tax rates (appropriate to the type of final demand) are applied to Welsh

expenditure.


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2.6.10 There is then difficulty in deciding what proportion of final demand for individual products

is serviced by Welsh sourced goods and services, and how much by imports from outside

the region. These relative proportions may vary between different demand groups for

identical products. Here, UK estimates are of more limited use as import propensities from

outside a region are likely to be much higher than from outside a country, especially for a

small and highly integrated economy such as Wales.

2.6.11 The estimation of import propensities for different final demand sectors included reference

to industry information, for example, regarding the propensity for local companies to

purchase from outside the region (see Section 2.5 above). The size of the sector in Wales

will also impact upon final demand import propensities – for example, consumers or

government will be unable to purchase locally if there is insufficient production in Wales, or

if the bulk of production is sold to other companies in Wales or exported. Finally, import

propensities at the UK level will provide a rough guide to the proportion of products which

are supplied to (Welsh) final demand from outside the UK.

2.6.12 The final result of the above estimation, when combined with intermediate demand for

products, provides a measure of the total demand for each product or service produced in

Wales. Thus, the final demand analysis tells the user how dependent the supply of products

is on different types of customer. Consumers may be the primary purchasers of a given

product, others may rely far more upon government (health and education are a good

example of the latter). Still others may rely heavily upon the demand of tourists (e.g.

accommodation services) or may face an increase in demand when firms make capital

investments (this is true of construction products and services).

2.6.13 As noted earlier, the final stage involved reconciliation and balancing of supply and

demand, during which time any inconsistencies were noted and traced, and the entire table

examined for reasonableness.


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3 The Welsh Economy in 2007

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Previous sections have explained the methods used to construct the Input-Output Tables.

This section uses The tables, which appear in full as Appendix 1, to describe the Welsh

Economy.

3.2 The Structure of the Domestic-Use Table

3.2.1 The input structure of each industry is shown in the Domestic Use Table. This is described

in terms of the intermediate consumption of products sourced within the regional economy

and those from outside, in addition to the product composition of final demand. In order to

explain how Input-Output shows the workings of the Welsh Economy Table 3.1 (an

aggregated version of the full Table) has been divided into 4 quadrants.

3.2.2 Quadrant 1 [NW corner] Intermediate Demand gives an estimation of all the sales and

purchases that have taken place between each of the ‘production sectors’ within Wales in

money terms i.e. the value of products made locally and used by Welsh industries to make

their output. Purchasing industries are along the top of the table while products

(commodities) are listed down the side of the table. So for example, the money value (in

£million) of manufacturing and extraction products which were sold to each of the ten

purchasing industries in 2007 are found along row 2.

3.2.3 In the same way, purchases made by manufacturing and extraction during the year are

found in column 2. The Input Output Tables show that in 2007, this sector bought just

under £364m of agriculture products. Of course, most of these purchases were made by

businesses concerned with food production. Manufacturing and extraction also purchased

£2.8bn of Welsh manufactured commodities, which is the largest aggregate transaction

shown in Quadrant 1. Other sectors’ outputs are important to manufacturing. For example,

manufacturing also purchased £1.4bn of Welsh Financial and Business Services Output.


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Table 3.1. Summary Domestic Use Table Wales 2007 £m

Agric

ultu

re, F

ores

try &

Fis

hing

Man

ufac

turin

g an

d Ex

tract

ion

Ener

gy a

nd W

ater

Con

stru

ctio

n

Dis

tribu

tion,

Ret

ail,

Hot

els

Tran

spor

t and

Com

mun

icat

ion

Fina

ncia

l & B

usin

ess

Serv

ices

Publ

ic A

dmin

istra

tion

Educ

atio

n an

d H

ealth

Oth

er S

ervi

ces

TOTA

L IN

TER

MED

IATE

D

EMAN

D

Hou

seho

lds

(exc

l Tou

rism

)

NPI

SH

Gov

ernm

ent

Cap

ital F

orm

atio

n &

inve

ntor

ies

Ove

rsea

s Ex

ports

Expo

rts R

est o

f UK

Tour

ist D

eman

d

TOTA

L D

EMAN

D

1 Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 95.5 363.8 0.0 0.1 38.5 0.2 0.1 0.8 7.2 0.9 507.0 108.9 0.0 0.0 11.0 136.8 595.1 5.1 1363.9

2 Manufacturing and Extraction 138.6 2808.5 111.4 373.2 498.6 169.6 195.4 283.9 288.2 77.4 4945.0 1275.1 0.0 0.0 528.3 7211.8 16414.0 258.7 30632.8

3 Energy and Water 18.6 620.6 1981.7 9.4 101.7 20.6 35.3 44.3 63.8 24.3 2920.4 819.5 0.0 0.0 35.8 0.0 749.5 0.0 4525.3

4 Construction 9.3 137.7 69.6 819.4 45.5 38.1 413.0 230.6 40.5 13.3 1816.8 201.4 0.0 0.0 2411.5 86.2 746.1 0.0 5262.1

5 Distribution, Retail, Hotels 56.7 1137.8 52.5 75.0 241.4 98.8 132.7 86.7 96.4 29.7 2007.7 5825.9 0.0 0.0 331.7 303.3 1603.7 1784.1 11856.5

6 Transport and Communication 11.5 559.0 11.9 24.8 533.2 426.7 392.3 105.1 142.3 47.9 2254.9 830.5 0.0 0.0 -17.5 369.2 1578.7 241.3 5257.1

7 Financial & Business Services 84.8 1435.4 376.9 385.4 1034.9 388.8 1559.7 459.5 398.0 230.8 6354.2 6344.2 24.6 0.0 182.6 598.5 3645.2 47.2 17196.4

8 Public Administration 2.1 8.3 15.2 0.8 0.9 4.9 37.4 13.2 0.7 1.3 84.8 123.3 0.0 5871.0 0.0 0.0 267.7 0.0 6346.8

9 Education and Health 8.1 55.8 3.9 4.7 26.7 20.4 79.3 112.2 2374.9 19.9 2705.9 411.7 715.4 7227.0 -0.4 0.0 694.7 10.0 11764.3

10 Other Services 18.3 119.0 85.4 4.5 55.1 39.5 85.9 111.1 96.4 324.4 939.7 539.5 280.5 687.8 35.5 123.1 437.0 254.4 3297.6

Total Domestic Purchases 443.6 7246.1 2708.4 1697.4 2576.7 1207.7 2931.1 1447.3 3508.3 769.8 24536.3 16480.0 1020.6 13785.9 3518.5 8828.9 26731.8 2600.8 97502.8

Imports from rest of UK 267.9 7556.5 623.2 1111.1 2146.1 1189.3 2158.5 794.8 1973.2 675.1 18495.5 7994.3 149.3 408.8 1620.6 427.8 1489.2 682.9 31268.4

Imports from rest of World 78.0 8128.0 383.7 253.7 392.7 284.6 487.6 745.0 591.2 116.4 11460.9 4885.5 58.0 0.0 663.6 0.0 153.4 297.8 17519.2

Taxes on Products 41.9 633.5 87.1 133.4 219.3 131.6 254.2 150.5 118.0 71.3 1840.8 1799.6 15.5 72.9 318.3 954.4 2944.8 506.9 8453.1 Taxes less subsidies on production -9.2 246.3 136.4 26.5 348.7 56.0 66.1 33.3 39.3 45.1 988.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 988.5

Compensation of Employees 172.2 4918.2 191.6 1065.6 3498.3 1620.0 3285.5 2698.3 4687.2 1164.5 23301.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23301.2

Gross Operating Surplus 410.7 3186.1 585.1 811.5 2024.7 703.0 7268.7 477.5 897.1 515.2 16879.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16879.5 Gross value added at basic prices 573.7 8350.6 913.1 1903.6 5871.6 2378.9 10620.3 3209.1 5623.6 1724.7 41169.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41169.2

OUTPUT AT BASIC PRICES 1405.1 31914.6 4715.4 5099.2 11206.4 5192.1 16451.6 6346.8 11814.3 3357.3 97502.8 31159.4 1243.3 14267.6 6120.9 10211.1 31319.2 4088.4 195912.7


17

3.2.4 The sum of each product row is found in the column Total Intermediate Demand. To

illustrate: £507m of agricultural products were sold to industries within Wales. Welsh

industries also purchased £4.9bn of manufacturing and extraction products for further

processing, while £6.4bn of financial and business service products were consumed by

businesses within Wales.

3.2.5 The row Total Domestic Purchases at basic prices gives the total value of products

purchased by each industry. Agriculture bought £444m of Welsh products whilst

manufacturing and extraction purchased some £7.2bn of products inside Wales.

3.2.6 The purchases made by industries in the columns represent the commodity sales in the rows

(as in double entry book-keeping). It is a balanced table with Total Intermediate Demand for

all commodities being equal to the Total Domestic Purchases by all industries. In 2007, this

was an estimated £24.5bn.

3.2.7 Quadrant [NE corner] 2 Final Demand – Outputs produced by industries in Wales are also

bought by households/consumers living in Wales, by non-profit institutions servicing

households (NPISH, for example, academic establishments); by tourists; and by the

Government (government spending). The column Capital Formation and Inventories refers

to expenditures made by industry in Wales on plant, machinery and buildings. These

purchases are distinct from the operating purchases in Quadrant 1.

3.2.8 Also in Quadrant 2 are ‘exports’ of products made in Wales to outside markets (in the rest of

the UK and overseas). The final column (Total Demand) is the sum of Total Intermediate

Demand and Total Final Demands. Using manufacturing as an example, outputs worth

£1.28bn were sold to Welsh households, £16.4bn were exported to the rest of UK and

£7.2bn were exported overseas. Manufactured products continue to be the most traded

outputs in Wales, with total demand summing to £30.6bn.

3.2.9 The Total Domestic Purchases row, in Quadrant 2, also demonstrates that overseas markets

purchased nearly £8.8bn worth of products while over £26.7bn of products were sold to the

rest of the UK.

3.2.10 Quadrant 3 [SW corner] Imports, Taxes and Value Added – Because Wales is a small

economy (having only 5% of the total UK population) it cannot supply all the needs of its

industries. Quadrant 3 contains inputs needed to make Welsh outputs which have to be

sourced from outside Wales. The values of these are given in the rows immediately below

the Total Domestic Purchases.

3.2.11 In 2007 manufacturing and extraction purchased in over £7.5bn of goods from the rest of

the UK, and £8bn from the rest of the world.


18

3.2.12 Quadrant 3 also reports Taxes on Products and Net Taxes on Production. Taxes on Products

include Value Added Tax (VAT), excise duties levied on imports, air passenger tax,

insurance premium taxes, stamp duty and so on. These taxes are levied on a volume or

value of production sold. Taxes which cannot be linked to individual products but are

production-related include business rates, motor vehicle duties, licenses such as those paid

by television broadcasters and levies on pollution. Subject to prevailing economic

conditions, these taxes are subject to reliefs, for example, financial incentives paid to firms

to reduce environmental pollution, interest relief on debt to firms to encourage capital

formation, and set-aside grants in agriculture.

3.2.13 In order to balance the tables so that the sum of all inputs equals the sum of all outputs,

other factors of production are explicitly estimated. In the rows of Quadrant 3 are estimates

of employee compensation for each industry. These represent gross wages and salaries paid

out in return for labour, and also include employers costs such as national insurance and

pensions that are directly associated with creating the industry output values found in the

final row.

3.2.14 The difference between the value of gross output (total demand) and the cost (purchases)

associated with this demand is the Gross Operating Surplus. This includes the value that has

been added to goods by each industry through the production process. These gains in value

are typically achieved through the application of processes or knowledge, and also include

returns to self-employment earned by individuals in sole proprietorships and/or

partnerships, usually distributed after cost of sales and taxes etc. have been deducted from

turnover (i.e. referred to as mixed income).

3.2.15 Quadrant 4 [SE] Final Balances - includes an estimate of purchases of imported goods made

by Welsh households (consumers). Similarly, the tourist column/import row of the table

includes estimates of imported products which were purchased by tourists when they take

trips in Wales.

3.3 The Welsh Economy in 2007: Distribution of Output and Gross Value Added

3.3.1 Table 3.2 provides a breakdown of Gross Output (£m) for 2007. Manufacturing and

extraction in Wales produced 33% of total industry output; a share that has remained stable

since 2000. Financial and business services increased its share somewhat between 2000

and 2007, with the latest figures indicating a contribution of 17% of gross output (compared

to the 15% reported in 2000 Tables). Education and Health accounted for 12% (the same as

in 2000).


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Table 3.2 Distribution of Gross Output: Wales 2007 Industries Gross Output £m % of total Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1405.1 1.4 Manufacturing and extraction 31914.6 32.7 Energy and water 4715.4 4.8 Construction 5099.2 5.2 Distribution, retail, hotels 11206.4 11.5 Transport and communications 5192.1 5.3 Financial and business services 16451.6 16.9 Public administration 6346.8 6.5 Education and health 11814.3 12.1 Other services 3357.3 3.4 Total 97502.8 100.0

Note: Column totals will not sum due to rounding error.

3.3.2 The distribution of gross value added by industries is shown in Figure 3.1. The contribution

of manufacturing and extraction in Wales to gross value added was 20.3% down from 25%

in 2000. Manufacturing and energy and water together with construction each make

proportionately smaller gross value added contributions than gross output, while the reverse

is true for services industry activities.

Figure 3.1 Welsh Gross Value Added by Sector


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3.4 Compensation of Employees

3.4.1 Figure 3.2 gives the compensation (gross wages and salaries) of employees as a percentage

of gross value added. Total compensation was £23bn. The tables show that total

compensation was highest in the manufacturing and extraction sector at £4.9bn. However,

when the wages and salaries of Education and health are taken together with Public

administration (i.e. the main elements of the non-market sector in Wales) they account for

around £7.3bn. This represents a substantial rise (from £5.5bn) over the period since the

2000 tables were published.

3.4.2 Compensation of employees as a percentage of gross value added is also shown in Figure

3.2, thereby demonstrating the relative labour intensity of different Welsh industries. The

lowest labour intensities are found in energy and water (21%) while the highest are in

public administration, education and health (over 80% although with issues around

measurement of productivity in public services).

Figure 3.2 Compensation of Employees as a % of Gross Value Added by Sector

Notes: GVA = compensation of employees, gross operating surplus, and taxes less subsidies on production.

3.5 Regional Purchases of goods and services and exports

3.5.1 Industries differ greatly in their regional purchasing relationships, which is of economic

interest since this determines their indirect economic impacts on the region.


21

3.5.2 Regional purchases of goods and services as a percentage of total purchases of goods and

services for each sector are shown in Figure 3.3. The manufacturing and extraction sector

purchased just under 32% of total goods and services from within Wales. A more complete

understanding of the variation in local sourcing from one manufacturing sector to another

can be gained by studying the full 88 sector tables in Appendix 1. With 58% of regional

(non-labour) purchasing to be found in education and health and 49% in other services, it is

evident that these public service sectors are well embedded in the local economy.

3.5.3 Figure 3.3 highlights the likelihood of industries purchasing from inside Wales. As the figure

shows, manufacturing is by far the sector least likely to purchase from within Wales.

Conversely, it was the only sector with a higher proportion of purchases from overseas than

regionally. Energy and water has the highest proportion of intra-regional purchases, but this

in part reflects the particularities of electricity wholesale markets and the methodological

treatment of this sector (see Section 4.1).

Figure 3.3 Percentage of Total Industry Purchases made in Wales and from Overseas

3.5.4 Table 3.3 shows the value (in basic prices) of products exported from Wales. As expected

manufacturing is the largest exporter of goods both overseas and to the rest of the UK.

Overseas exports of manufacturing products accounted for 28% of total final demands for

manufacturing products produced (the balance being demands from Welsh households,

government, and from producers in the rest of the UK etc.).


22

3.5.5 The numbers referred to in this section have been based on an aggregated Domestic Use

table. For much greater detail it is necessary to refer to the full Table in Appendix 1, which

shows the complexity of industry relationships, and the contributions individual industries

make to Welsh output and value-added.

Table 3.3 Exports by Commodity

Exports Rest

UK Exports

Overseas Overseas Exports as a

% of Final demand Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 595.1 136.8 16.0 Manufacturing and Extraction 16,414.0 7,211.8 28.1 Energy and Water 749.5 0.0 0.0 Construction 746.1 86.2 2.5 Distribution, Retail, Hotels 1,603.7 303.3 3.1 Transport and Communication 1,578.7 369.2 12.3 Financial & Business Services 3,645.2 598.5 5.5 Public Administration 267.7 0.0 0.0 Education and Health 694.7 0.0 0.0 Other Services 437.0 123.1 5.2

All products 26,731.8 8,828.9 12.1

Figure 3.4 Composition of total final demand in Wales 2007


23

4 Developments and Applications

4.1 Electricity Generation in Wales

4.1.1 Earlier versions of the Input-Output Tables followed the international convention of

reporting the activities related to electricity supply as a single industrial sector, comprising

all generation, transmission and distribution activities. Separate sectors then report activities

related to mains gas supply, and water supply.

4.1.2 Whilst this continues to be the UK-national (and Scottish) convention, this structure is very

restricting in terms of understanding the nature of electricity generation, particularly in terms

of fuels used, and the implications for energy security, costs of supply and, critically climate

change.

4.1.3 In Wales, and given the Assembly Government’s duty of care for sustainable development

and championing of onshore and marine renewables, this lack of detail is especially

limiting. Hence, for 2007 the Tables present a disaggregated electricity generating sector; ! Coal, comprising largely the Aberthaw and Uskmouth stations; ! Gas, with a number of turbines, for example at Baglan and Connar’s Quay; ! Nuclear, at Wylfa; ! Pumped storage at Dinorwig and Ffestiniog (not net generators but an important component

of supply); ! Other renewables; overwhelmingly in 2007 onshore wind.

4.1.4 The disaggregation of these sectors is extremely complex for a number of reasons. For

example, most utility companies supply both gas and electricity, and generate (using a

number of fuels) and sell power, making company accounts of limited use. Additionally,

electricity is sold in very complex and highly regulated futures and spot markets, meaning

the concept of an ‘average’ wholesale price per KWh is difficult to apply.

4.1.5 This notwithstanding, information exists from the Department of Energy and Climate

Change, largely in articles published in the Digest of UK Energy Statistics to enable an

estimate of the regional supply of electricity by fuel type to the wholesale market (after

losses, and with Wales exporting some power to England). Further information on sector

behaviour is available from a number of sources (for example, detailing the sale of power

directly from Wylfa to Anglesey Aluminium at low cost; the operations of pumped storage in

North Wales). This means a reasonable facsimile of sector behaviour by type of generator

can be estimated (and here without resource to ABI data which may lead to inappropriate

disclosure).


24

4.1.6 From this estimate of the scale of generation, the estimates of the financial value of

electricity supplied by different fuel types in Wales are derived. Here, are inherent a number

of assumptions and simplifications. For example, each KWh of power supplied by any of the

generating sectors is assumed to be of equal value/cost, whereas Renewable Obligations

Certificates make financially expensive wind power a requirement to supply for large

utilities.

4.1.7 This notwithstanding, the modelled sector is considered fit for purpose. In part, this is

because the sector has been developed not to assess the economics of electricity generation,

but rather to enable wider policy questions to be addressed. The new structure will enable; ! An assessment of how far Wales is reliant on regionally- and internationally- imported fuels

for electricity with implications for energy security (Jones, 2009); ! Scenario analyses of how changes in the overall generation mix will impact upon levels of

CO2 equivalent emissions from Wales (e.g. as the Pembroke 2GW gas fired turbine comes on line and Wylfa is - at least temporarily - decommissioned)

! Examination of how specific investments, policies and projects, such as onsite renewable installation at developed facilities, might imply carbon and energy savings.

4.1.8 These issues, and the environmental impacts associated with energy production and use in

Wales will be addressed in the Input-Output Environmental Module due for publication

later this year.

Total Output of Energy & Water Sectors in Wales 2007

£4.7bn


25

4.2 Tourism in Wales

4.2.1 An important development enabled by the Input-Output Tables for Wales (and sponsored

by Visit Wales) is the compilation of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) for Wales. A TSA is

the internationally accepted way of measuring the economic impact of tourism in a

reference economy, following a set of recommendations and methodologies developed by

the UN World Tourism Organisation and endorsed by the OECD, ILO and EUROSTAT.

4.2.2 TSAs are most usually developed for countries, and the first full TSA for Wales (for base year

2000) was, along with that for Andalucia, the first fully-featured ‘bottom up’ TSA to be

developed for a region.

4.2.3 A TSA comprises a full exposure of directly tourist-related economic activity within a set of

Input-Output Tables following international guidelines, and the Tourism Satellite Account

for Wales, 2007 will be published in full in Summer 2010 (see also Section 6.6 and 6.7).

Meanwhile, a measure of information can be derived from the Input-Output Tables as

currently published which reveals, in broad brush, the importance of tourism in Wales.

4.2.4 The Tables report the spending of tourists in two distinct categories. Firstly, overnight

visitors are largely (but not all) non-Welsh resident and whose spending would, in

traditional Input-Output Tables, be a hidden component within Exports (to the rest of the UK

and rest of the world) or for Welsh residents holidaying in Wales, consumer spending. This

overnight tourist element includes persons travelling in Wales for business tourism purposes,

although the extent to which such travel is actually captured in the relevant surveys is

questionable.

4.2.5 The second expenditure element reported here is that of people on tourism day visits (or

excursionists) – defined in Great Britain as those on non-routine leisure trips of more than

three hours. Business purposes are thus excluded in total here. Moreover, there has been no

detailed national survey of day visits since 2002/3, and here the Input-Output Tables rely

upon work done by the Tourism Intelligence Unit of the ONS, together with a one-off visitor

expenditure survey undertaken by Visit Wales in 2005 to estimate the scale and nature of

spending in 2007.

4.2.6 The Input-Output tables estimate the total level of tourist gross spending in Wales at almost

£4.1bn in 2007. Daytrippers comprised just over half of this total (52%) and overnight

visitors the remaining 48%.

4.2.7 Not all of this £4.1bn was used to purchase Welsh goods and services: a proportion

comprises the purchase of direct imports, or taxes on products that do not add to Welsh

incomes or value added. In total, £1.5bn comprised purchases of this nature, leaving £2.6bn

(63%) of visitors’ spending that was on Welsh products and services (see Table 3.1).


26

4.2.8 Interestingly, the proportion of non-Welsh purchases varied widely between our two visitor

types. Around £1.4bn (or 73%) of overnight visitors spending was on regionally sourced

goods and services, but under £1.2bn (55%) of daytrippers’ spending was of this nature.

4.2.9 This is due largely to the different nature of the products and services bought by the two

groups. Daytrips (even those defined as tourism) often involve the purchase of retail goods

that are unlikely to be manufactured in Wales, and with other significant costs including

fuel for private transport which is heavily taxed, with both these elements then comprising

‘leakage’ from Wales.

4.2.10 Meanwhile, overnight visitors spend a high proportion during their trip on accommodation

and serviced food – services rather than products and, as such, elements that are essentially

created at point of sale and hence not importable. This means that other things being equal,

£1 of spending by overnight visitors is likely to support a higher level of Welsh incomes,

gross value added and employment than £1 of spending by daytrippers. This analysis will be

continued with the publication of the Tourism Satellite Account for Wales and the linked

Tourism Impact and Planning Model for Wales.

4.2.11 Meanwhile, the importance of tourism spending for Wales in 2007 can be estimated by

examining how far the final demand for products and services is driven by visitors’

spending. The £4.1bn of visitors’ expenditure can therefore be compared with the £98.4bn

total final demand in Wales in 2007 to suggest that this demand-to-supply ratio (DSR) was

4.2%.

Tourism In Wales 2007

Daytrippers Overnight Tourism

Total Total Final

Demand % Tourism

(DSR) Gross Expenditure (£bn) 2.1 2.0 4.1 98.4 4.2% Expenditure on Welsh Goods and Services (£bn) 1.2 1.4 2.6 73.0 3.6% Percent 55% 73% 63% 68%

4.2.12 Narrowing our focus to Welsh goods and services, we see that visitors demand totalled

£2.6bn compared with an overall final functional demand of £73bn, implying a demand-

on-supply ratio for Welsh goods and services of 3.6%. This rather lower ratio implies that

tourists are proportionately more likely than other sources of final demand to purchase non-

Welsh products (and with this again likely related to purchases made on daytrips).


27

4.2.13 This ratio of tourism demand on total supply of 4.2% can be compared with estimates for

the region provided by the Tourism Intelligence Unit (TIU) of the ONS (albeit for 2006). The

TIU has derived these estimates as part of a project to develop an experimental tourism

satellite account for the UK for 2006, and related estimates of direct economic impact for

UK regions. TIU estimated the DSR at 4.5% for 2006 for Wales.

4.2.14 The TIU methodology is ‘top down’, reliant on the disaggregation of national data to

regions, whereas the Welsh Input-Output Tables provide a ‘bottom up’ estimate of the

tourism demand ratio on supply. However, both methods follow international

recommendations in terms of concepts and methodologies.

4.2.15 The demand to supply ratio for tourism in Wales is estimated by TIU to be the highest in the

UK; substantially higher than the 4.0% of the next highest regions (South East and South

West; UK average 3.3%). Tourism thus appears of greater economic importance to Wales

than to other regions. However, this is not because of a higher level of tourist expenditure

per head of resident population in Wales, but rather due to the smaller level of economic

activity and supply in the region per head of population, and with tourist receipts thus

divided by a smaller base.


28

5 Modelling the Welsh Economy: Multiplier Analysis

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Input-Output Tables add a further dimension of a system of national accounts. Whilst

showing the internal workings of an economy, the layout of the tables also provides a

reconciliation with the production, income and spending constituents of gross domestic

product (gross value-added). For example, at the UK level the Input-Output Tables are

linked methodologically to the UK national accounts and balance of payments (i.e. Blue

and Pink Books).

5.1.2 However, the Input-Output framework can also be used for basic economic modelling

purposes. The Domestic Use Table shown in Appendix 2 is a platform for the derivation of

what are termed Analytical Tables. These Tables provide a mechanism through which the

impact of changes in the economy can be assessed.

5.2 Modelling Changes in the Regional Economy

5.2.1 The Analytical Tables can be used to estimate the economy-wide impact of changes to

particular sectors, or to more general changes which may affect a number of different

sectors simultaneously. For example, an increase in demand for the goods produced by the

food and drink sector in Wales, would lead to an increase in the output of food and drink

(direct effect). However, as food and drink producers increase their outputs, their suppliers

in Wales will also have an increase in demands for their goods, and then also the suppliers

to the suppliers experience extra demands, and so on (indirect effects). The shock of the

increase in final demand for food and drink therefore multiplies through the Welsh supply

chain. Moreover, as a result of these supply chain effects, the level of income in the

economy will increase, and a portion of this income will be spent on Welsh goods and

services leading to further increases demand. This is termed an induced income effect. The

ratio of the direct, indirect and induced income effect to the direct effect is termed a Type II

output multiplier. A Type I output multiplier excludes the induced effects, i.e. is ratio of

direct and indirect to direct effects. Multipliers can also be derived with regards to

employment and income (see Table 5.1).

Table 5.1 Definitions of Output, Income and Employment Multipliers and Effects (Type II) Output multiplier Output multiplier for an industry is the ratio of direct, indirect and induced

output effects to the direct change in output resulting from a unit increase in industry final demand.

Income multiplier The relative change in income (wages and salaries etc) in the economy consequent on a change in final demand. Measured as the ratio of direct, indirect and induced income changes to the direct income change.

Employment multiplier The ratio of direct, indirect and induced employment change to the direct employment change generated as a result of changes in final demand.

Income effect The direct, indirect and induced income effect generated as a result of a unit change final demand.

Employment effect The direct, indirect and induced employment effect generated as a result of a unit change in final demand.


29

5.2.2 The process of deriving the Analytical Tables was described Bryan et al (ibid)3. The

remainder of this section reports the output and employment multipliers for Welsh

industries and explains differences in magnitudes of multipliers. The section also includes a

review of previous studies which have examined the direct and indirect activity supported

by different Welsh industries.

5.3 Output and Employment Multipliers for Industries in Wales, 2007

5.3.1 Table 5.2 shows output and employment multipliers for 25 sectors of the Welsh economy

(these have been aggregated from the 88 industries shown in Appendix 2).

Table 5.2 Output and Employment Multipliers (Types I and II1) Output Employment Industry Type I Type II Type I Type II

1 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1.44 1.54 1.17 1.21 2 Mining and quarrying 1.45 1.57 1.59 1.85 3 Food, drink and tobacco 1.47 1.59 2.10 2.30 4 Textiles and clothing 1.23 1.38 1.24 1.43

5 Wood products, paper and publishing 1.28 1.39 1.39 1.59

6 Oil processing, chemicals and pharmaceuticals 1.20 1.27 2.32 2.92

7 Rubber and plastics 1.33 1.48 1.31 1.51 8 Non-metallic mineral products 1.36 1.50 1.42 1.67 9 Metal and metal products 1.37 1.49 1.71 2.07

10 Machinery (incl. office) 1.27 1.40 1.32 1.53 11 Other electrical equipment 1.30 1.42 1.38 1.58

12 Consumer electronics, instrument engineering etc 1.30 1.43 1.45 1.69

13 Vehicles 1.36 1.47 1.64 1.94 14 Furniture and other manufacturing 1.28 1.40 1.27 1.43 15 Electricity, gas and water2 2.07 2.14 - - 16 Construction 1.46 1.62 1.36 1.49 17 Wholesale and retail 1.30 1.50 1.17 1.30 18 Hotels, bars and restaurants 1.32 1.54 1.11 1.20 19 Transport 1.33 1.53 1.33 1.58

20 Postal and telecommunications services 1.23 1.42 1.27 1.52

21 Other professional services 1.23 1.37 1.26 1.43 22 Public administration 1.31 1.55 1.26 1.50 23 Education and health 1.41 1.68 1.35 1.57 24 Recreation 1.31 1.53 1.20 1.34 25 Other public and private services 1.30 1.51 1.30 1.57

Notes 1. There are particular methodological issues relating to the estimation of Type II multipliers, with different

approaches producing variations in multipliers. Further information about the approach adopted in relation to the figures is available from the authors, however care should be taken in the use of these numbers as there are likely to be margins of variation.

3 Further details can be found in Miller, R. and and Blair P. (2009) Input-output Analysis: Foundations and

Extensions Cambridge University Press ISBN13: 9780521739023


30

2. There is a significant change in the magnitude of output multipliers for the electricity, gas and water sector. As noted elsewhere, this sector has been one focus of work and methodological development since the last published tables. As a result, the method of recording the financial flows from energy producers/distributors to the Grid has changed, resulting in an increase in calculated multipliers. This re-allocation has additionally impacted on the estimated employment multipliers which have not been reported in the table. Further information is available from the authors.

5.3.2 Differences in the values of the output multiplier in Table 5.2 reflect factors such as the

degree of vertical integration in firms in the industry, and the level and nature of the

regional purchasing propensities of the industry. With the exception of the energy and water

sector, the Type I and Type II multipliers lie within a small range. In the case of the Type I

multipliers, these range from 1.20 (in the capital intensive, high importing oil, chemicals

and pharmaceuticals sector) to 1.47 (in the more locally ‘embedded’ food and drink sector),

with Type II multipliers in the range of 1.27 - 1.68.

5.3.3 Employment multipliers (and income multipliers, not shown in the table) are more difficult

to interpret, as there are two factors which interact to determine their value. In part their

magnitude is conditioned by the local purchasing propensity of the industry concerned.

However, this factor then combines with the employment/labour intensity of the sector in

question, and its suppliers. Consequently care must be taken in using the multipliers. For

example, a large employment multiplier may be derived because employment to output

ratios in an industry are very low (i.e. highly capital intensive sectors), but where the

industry buys from sectors that are more labour intensive. As a result any change in output

will only generate a small direct employment effect in the local economy but when relating

the total (supplier and induced income) effects to the very low direct effects the multiplier

may be large even though the total effects on employment may be small. The oil processing,

chemicals and pharmaceuticals sector is a case in point. Direct employment in this sector is

very low in proportion to output, but the production of this output requires some local

inputs from sectors where labour intensity is higher. However, sectors such as agriculture,

retail and recreation are directly employment intensive such that their employment

multipliers are lower. Due to these difficulties in interpretation it can be more meaningful to

examine employment generated directly and indirectly per unit change in final demand i.e.

employment (and income) effects rather than multipliers. For example, in this case the

employment effect per unit change in final demand is greater in agriculture, retail and

recreation compared with oil, chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

5.4 Using the Multipliers

5.4.1 The use of the multipliers in Table 5.2 can be illustrated as follows. Assuming an increase in

export demand for the products of the rubber and plastics industry in Wales of £10m, the

direct impact will be felt in the Welsh rubber and plastics sector where it would be

necessary to increase total output by £10m. To estimate the indirect effects in the supply

chain in Wales, it is necessary to multiply the direct effect (£10m) by the Type I multiplier

(1.33) to show that the total of direct and indirect effects is £13.3m.


31

5.4.2 However, the increased output in rubber and plastics would lead to increased employment

in affected industries and a growth of household spending, some of which would be spent

on regionally produced goods and services. Multiplying the direct effect (£10m) by the Type

II output multiplier (1.48) gives £14.8m which is the overall increase in output resulting

from the £10m change in final demand (i.e. taking account of direct, indirect and the

induced effects).

5.4.3 Table 5.3 shows some examples from recent Welsh Economy Research Unit studies of the

application of multipliers. Some earlier examples of studies can be found in Bryan et al,

2004.

Table 5.3: Findings from Selected Recent WERU Projects Study Key findings examples Further Education Institutions (WERU and Department of City and Regional Planning, Cardiff University, 2006).

The study found that Welsh Further Education Institutions were directly associated with £350m of ‘output’, and 8,500 jobs (ftes). However, allowing for multiplier effects, a total of £547m of output, and over 11,700 jobs could be associated with the institutions (giving an output multiplier of 1.56, and an employment multiplier of 1.38).

Cardiff Council & Cardiff Harbourside Authority Events Research (WERU, 2008)

This study estimated the impact of five key tourism related events in the city, these being: the BMI Baby Winter Wonderland; RHS Spring Flower Show; Cardiff International Food & Drink Festival; The Admiral Big Weekend; and the Mermaid Quay Cardiff Harbour Festival. It was estimated that combined together these events created £3.6m of additional output, and £1.9m of gross value added (local additions to wages and profits) in the city of Cardiff.

Millennium Magic 2008- Rugby League: Super League Event Research (WERU, 2008)

In this report the economic impacts of a sporting weekend event on the host city of Cardiff were estimated at £4.2m of additional output and £2.4m of gross value added.

Community Housing Cymru (WERU, 2009)

This study showed that each direct full time job in a housing association in Wales supported an extra two and a half jobs in the region. The economic impact of housing associations on the Welsh economy was estimated to support 14,540 full-time equivalent jobs, and around £332m of value added, in 2008/09.

5.5 Limits on the Use of the basic Input-Output Framework

5.5.1 There are limits on the extent to which Input-Output tables can be used for analysis and

modelling.

5.5.2 First, are assumptions implicit in the linear Input-Output framework. It is assumed as

industry output increases, input proportions will remain constant. So, for example, a 10%

increase in the demand for food and drink products in Wales, will lead to a proportionate

10% increase in the various inputs of the industry, in other words constant returns to scale

are assumed.


32

5.5.3 If this assumption does not hold then the output growth of the food and drink industry will

not have the effects predicted by the Input-Output Tables. Also implicit is as the food and

drink sector expands, supplying industries have no constraints in expanding their outputs

and employment to meet demand from the food and drink sector. This might be reasonable

under certain economic conditions. However, if labour or product markets are tight, some

industries may experience great difficulty in expanding to meet new demands from

customers.

5.5.4 A linked issue is prices. As the food and drink sector expands it may be unable to employ

additional labour or source additional inputs at the same price. Once again, in a tight

labour market, higher demand would be expected to result in increased wages. Generally,

and in the longer term, changes in the prices of material and labour inputs, might lead to

factor substitution. Then, a significant increase in final demand for food and drink products

could lead to some firms substituting new capital for labour and changing the nature of their

production function. Section 6.5 contains a commentary on frameworks, using Input-Output

tables, which seeks to overcome some of these problems relating to changes in the supply

side of the economy.

5.5.5 A factor contributing to the above problems and the use of Input-Output Tables for

forecasting purposes is the time lags involved in table production. Due to data collection

problems, and analytical time, the current tables for 2007 are produced in 2010.

Consequently, the tables give a snap shot of the economy three years ago. The researcher is

left with the task of examining changes now, in the context of an historic Input-Output

Table which could be giving a distorted view of contemporary inter-industry relationships.

5.5.6 Any modelling framework is a simplification of the real intricacies of the economy with the

consequence that estimates produced with reference to Input-Output Tables should always

be closely accompanied by the assumptions involved. Too often headline multiplier figures

are used to assess the effect of industry change, but without a full appreciation of the

assumptions underlying the estimation process.


33

6 Adding Value: Development of the 2007 IO Tables for Wales

6.1 Input-Output Tables and their Uses

6.1.1 Input-Output Tables are by their very nature a static, historical picture of an economy.

Whilst they are very useful in understanding the characteristics of an economy, they say

little about the behaviour of an economy under different circumstances - for example facing

a positive or negative economic shock; or in responding to service new economic demand

or changes in the sectoral mix.

6.1.2 Moreover, the Tables are also relatively limited in their scope, and restrictive in their

structure. For example, as employment is not reported in the national accounting structures

of which Input-Output Tables are a part, Input-Output Tables will not typically report

employment levels in the sectors they detail – an important omission in terms of policy

application. Meanwhile, the Tables do not often extend analysis to important areas such as

the non-monetary economy.

6.1.3 Added to the above, non-economic factors might be important elements of regional policy

consideration – none more so than the impact of economic activity on the physical

environment. ‘Core’ Input-Output Tables do not consider such elements. The product and

industry structure can also limit usefulness. For example, some activities (such as tourism,

transport, and information technology) are not specific to sectors, but are carried out by

many regional sectors. This too then requires additional analyses.

6.1.4 During 2010 WERU will be publishing additional reports and undertaking further analyses

of the 2007 Tables, both as a unit and in collaboration with partners. This section briefly

outlines future publications and policy analysis.

6.2 The Welsh Input Output Tables Environmental Module (IO-EM)

6.2.1 This report has already noted the need to extend Input-Output analysis to enable an

appreciation of the physical environmental impacts and implications of economic activity in

Wales. This will be addressed by the publication of an environmental module of the 2007

Input-Output Tables during 2010.

6.2.2 Work is currently ongoing in the compilation of this module, which has at its heart a

‘bottom up’ estimate of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Welsh industries in 2007.

The IO-EM will thus enable an appreciation of the highest and lowest emitters of GHG in

Wales, both in gross terms and in relation to the amount of value added created.


34

6.2.3 Additionally, manipulation of the IO Tables can establish the indirect GHG impacts of

industries and final demand vectors. For example, as industries, households, the public

sector and others purchase electricity that has emissions impacts in the generation

industries, these links can be traced and proper responsibility for these emissions allocated.

The link from activities to emissions has in the past been extremely difficult to trace.

6.2.4 In addition to GHG emission, the IO-EM will present data (subject to availability) on the

waste creation and water use of industries, enabling similar modelling approaches in these

areas. It is to be hoped the Input-Output project can be aligned with similar work being

undertaken in Wales and other regions in this area (see www.scpnet.org.uk)

6.3 Gaining insights into the impacts of Welsh consumption

6.3.1 Associated with the environmental module will be the continuation of research to explore

the wider impacts of Welsh production and consumption. Primarily the Input-Output

framework assists with the attribution of externalities such as carbon dioxide emissions to

Welsh production sectors. As highlighted above the environmental module can be used in

conjunction with the Input-Output framework to generate the direct and indirect volume of

the given pollutant generated by changes in final demands in each industry. While this is

useful in gaining insights into key polluting industries, and in the identification of how

sectors ‘support’ pollution in their regional supply chains it provides only a limited insight

into how Welsh household consumption creates externalities outwith the regional economy.

6.3.2 In association with colleagues at the University of Strathclyde and the Regional Research

Institute at West Virginia University the ways in which the Welsh input-output framework

can be used to gain insights into Footprint of Welsh consumption are being investigated.

Importantly this has involved gaining a better understanding of the pollution content of

Welsh trade flows. For example, many of the most polluting industries in the Welsh

economy produce goods which are not consumed in the region (including large parts of the

steels and chemicals sectors) but exported to other parts of the UK and overseas. Similarly

Wales may import goods and services which are relatively pollution intensive.

Understanding the pollution content of Welsh trade flows becomes critical in establishing

the footprint of regional consumption.


35

6.4 Waste and Water

6.4.1 During 2010-11 the aim is to develop a further environmental module linking to regional

waste generation. Using data on industry and commercial waste generation from 2007, this

work will provide intelligence on those sectors in the Welsh economy that create the

greatest amounts of different types of waste both directly, and indirectly through their

regional purchasing patterns. This type of research could feed into the development of

regional waste strategies, as well as provide useful benchmarks on progress towards waste

reduction targets.

6.4.2 A final element of research in this vein is work using the Input-Output framework as a tool

for investigating the embedded water in Welsh food goods and services. Investigation of the

water footprint of Wales can assist in decision making on sustainable food production.

Currently the Welsh Economy Research Unit, are working with colleagues in the

Environment Agency Wales and Waterwise to examine the global and local water footprint

for Wales, particularly as it relates to food production and consumption and with the

objective being to provide recommendations and analysis for regional food strategy.

6.5 Developing the Input-Output framework

6.5.1 An important part of the Welsh Input-Output project moving forward is to better link the

framework to the rest of the UK, and then to the global economic system. The team in the

Welsh Economy Research Unit are supporting research being led by colleagues at

Strathclyde that is working to develop a multi-regional Input-Output system for the UK. This

work in the longer term is also seeking to link the developed UK system to the global

economy. The advantages of this approach are the ability to examine how changes in the

Welsh economy connect through to other parts of the UK and international economy.

6.5.2 Research is also continuing with Strathclyde to develop a Computable General Equilibrium

(CGE) model for the Welsh economy. While the Input-Output framework has a series of

strengths a problem is that the approach assumes a ‘passive’ supply side. For example, if

there were an increase in final demand for steel, the assumption is that this, and other

related industries, can find the resources to produce the extra output at the prevailing price.

This assumes there are no supply shortages. In reality there is the possibility that strong

increases in the demand for some goods and services are unlikely to be accommodated

without any upward pressure on commodity and input prices. Moreover, additions to output

may be produced in different ways, perhaps leading to a substitution of capital for labour,

and with the possibility of scale economies occurring in production as demands on the

industry grow.


36

6.5.3 Where the basic Input-Output system is used for economic modelling it does not deal with

these issues. The CGE approach extends the Input-Output framework to incorporate an

‘active’ supply side, and allows the analyst to pick up on the more dynamic impacts linked

to increases in final demand. Fundamentally the CGE approach retains many of the benefits

of the Input-Output framework, but permits greater flexibility. For example, using the CGE

approach provides a means of: capturing the regional competitiveness effects of demand

disturbances; analysing the impact of supply-side policies and conducting a more complete

evaluation of the effects of policy instruments. During 2009 research continued to develop

this type of framework for Wales.

6.6 The Tourism Satellite Account for Wales 2007

6.6.1 There is far more analysis possible on aspects of tourism’s economic significance than are

contained in this report. The TSA for Wales 2007 will provide this detail, presented in a

format that is congruent with the latest international recommendations4. With these

informing the work of the ONS Tourism Intelligence Unit, there will be an opportunity to

examine the economics of tourism in Wales in opposition to the UK situation, and to other

UK regions. The TSA project is sponsored by Visit Wales.

6.6.2 The TSA will provide a wealth of information on tourism’s direct economic importance to

Wales. Not least, it will introduce an employment module, and detail how tourism directly

supports Welsh employment. Additional analysis will include: ! Total tourism consumption by type of visitor (short & long holiday; international; business;

daytrip). ! Value-added of tourism industries (VATI). ! Value-added per employee in tourism industries. ! Tourism dependency ratios for individual tourism industries. ! Tourism dependent employment by industry and for Wales.

6.6.3 Perhaps most importantly, the TSA allows the estimation of Tourism direct Gross Value

Added (TDGVA). This variable shows how much of the gross value added (GVA) created in

Wales is as a result of tourists’ spending before, during or after trips to Wales.

6.6.4 The Tourism Satellite Account for Wales 2007 will be published in summer 2010.

4 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/TSA%20RMF%202008%20edited%20whitecover.pdf


37

6.7 The Tourism Impact and Planning Model for Wales

6.7.1 TSAs as detailed above must conform to international standards to ensure quality,

comparability and consistency of approach. However, TSA structures are aimed primarily at

revealing tourism within a set of national accounts rather than being of direct use in

informing tourism policy.

6.7.2 Critically, TSAs only include the direct impacts of tourism: they do not allow for multiplier

analyses. Such ‘indirect’ effects are often an important element is understanding the

importance of tourist spending, or of new visitor facilities. Meanwhile, TSAs do not report

the value added impacts of different types of visitors, which could be of great use in

establishing which are the most lucrative visitor markets to target.

6.7.3 With this in mind, WERU undertake additional work to develop a modelling structure from

the Welsh TSA. The Tourism Impact and Planning Model for Wales (TIPM) thus benefits

from the wealth of data available in the TSA, but is not bound by its restrictions.

6.7.4 Previous iterations of TIPM have been used by Visit Wales in a number of policy areas, for

example; ! Establish the total (direct & indirect) economic impact of tourism in Wales in terms of value-

added and employment supported, ! To examine scenarios related to the impact of the 2008/9 recession on tourism in Wales, ! To estimate the economic impact of new visitor facilities which bid for grant aid (White

House Hotel; Cardiff International White Water Centre etc), ! To establish the impact of Visit Wales marketing activity on Welsh employment and value

added.

6.7.5 Visit Wales are supporting the development of a new iteration of TIPM based on the 2007

Tables. Whilst the activities and analysis detailed above will continue, the model will be

extended in several key ways to respond to the developing Welsh policy context. For

example, it will build on previous experimental work (see Jones and Munday, 2009b) to

fully integrate tourism within the environmental module of the Input-Output Tables for

Wales.

6.7.6 This means that TIPM will provide a full accounting of the carbon-equivalent emissions of

tourism in Wales, whilst an additional module will estimate the emissions of visitors when

travelling to and from Wales. TIPM will then be able to respond directly to Visit Wales

requirements in showing how tourism can contribute to Assembly Government targets in

respect of emissions reduction in devolved areas.

6.7.7 Other physical environmental elements under current investigation include post-industrial

waste, and water use, with these to be included if data allow.


38

6.7.8 Also under consideration is the extension of the model to enable further investigation of the

impact of major sporting and cultural events in Wales. Much data has been collected over a

number of years on the spending and behaviour of event visitors, and with this amenable to

inclusion in the TIPM structure with a limited amount of additional work.

6.7.9 TIPM will be ready for use by Visit Wales in Summer 2010, when summary details will also

be published. Other TIPM applications include the evaluation of the impact of the £120m

ERDF Environment for Growth visitor economy project (see www.e4g.org.uk). In addition,

TIPM will inform Visit Wales work with European partners on sustainable tourism in the

ERNEST project (www.ernestproject.eu). Figure 6.1 Summarises the Input-Output project

Figure 6.1The Welsh Input-Output Project in Summary


39

Appendix 1 – Domestic Use Matrix, Wales 2007

Appendix 1 Domestic Use Matrix, Wales 2007 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Regional Purchases in columns Regional Sales in rows

Agr

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fish

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s

1 Agric & fish 87.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 118.8 141.2 39.0 1.1 31.3 4.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.02 Forestry 0.0 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.3 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.03 Coal & other primary extraction 0.0 0.0 7.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.04 Other mining & quarrying 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.05 Meat 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 88.8 0.6 0.7 3.8 3.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.1 3.0 0.2 0.66 Dairy 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 18.1 0.2 2.5 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.07 Fish, vegetables, grain mill products 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 1.4 7.8 18.9 2.9 0.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.08 Bread & biscuits 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.09 Misc Foods 78.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.1 1.1 6.9 3.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0

10 Confectionery 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.011 Drinks and Tobacco 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.312 Textiles 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.013 Clothing 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.014 Wood Products 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 13.5 9.7 0.2 0.2 2.7 0.0 0.015 Paper and Pulps 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.9 1.8 3.2 2.6 0.2 6.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 60.8 4.1 0.3 1.1 0.5 2.616 Publishing 1.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.5 1.9 1.2 0.1 2.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 2.5 16.5 6.2 9.6 1.8 1.417 Oil Processing 20.0 1.0 1.1 2.8 2.0 1.4 0.5 2.0 1.3 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 2.6 0.5 55.8 25.6 0.1 0.318 Chemicals 16.6 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.2 1.9 0.7 8.2 11.8 0.3 2.919 Pharmaceutical 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.2 0.920 Soaps 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 22.921 Rubber products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.022 Plastics 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 9.0 9.8 3.7 11.7 4.5 0.6 8.3 0.6 0.0 6.6 3.3 2.0 2.7 9.9 1.3 19.923 Glass and Ceramics 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.924 Cement/plaster 2.9 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.325 Iron and Steel 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.026 Aluminium & non-ferrous metals 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.027 Forging/pressing 1.2 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.7 1.4 4.5 0.1 10.1 0.3 0.1 1.8 0.9 0.7 8.7 3.8 0.8 5.228 Structural metals 0.1 0.0 2.7 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.0 5.5 1.9 0.1 0.129 Machinery 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.3 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.4 1.2 0.3 1.7 0.6 0.0 2.3 5.3 3.7 6.8 8.7 1.0 0.430 Domestic appliances 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.031 Office machinery 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.032 Electrical motors and transformers 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.033 Wires and Cables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.034 Industrial electrical equipment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.035 Electronic Components 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.036 TVs 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.037 Control equipment 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.9 0.2 0.438 Motor Vehicles 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.039 Other Vehicles 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.040 Furniture 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.0 7.6 0.2 2.641 Other manufacturing 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.042 Electricity - Coal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.043 Electricity - Gas 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.044 Electricity - Nuclear 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.045 Electricity - Hydro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.046 Electricity - Other Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.047 Elec - Transmission, Distribution & Supply11.6 1.2 4.9 6.1 10.9 4.3 3.8 4.5 3.1 0.3 2.7 2.5 0.3 5.6 13.6 3.6 28.7 61.3 1.4 2.848 Gas 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.5 2.6 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.6 3.2 0.4 4.2 28.3 0.4 0.449 Water 5.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 2.2 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.3 4.7 12.3 0.2 0.450 Construction 7.2 2.0 1.1 1.1 4.3 3.1 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.1 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.4 4.4 0.9 23.2 7.1 0.7 1.251 Distribution and Repairs 25.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.9 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.1 1.0 1.2 0.6 14.8 3.0 0.3 0.752 Wholesale 21.4 4.9 2.2 3.1 26.6 15.8 6.4 8.0 7.2 1.1 10.8 4.0 0.8 13.1 16.7 7.9 204.5 41.8 4.3 9.453 Retail 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 7.4 1.5 0.2 0.354 Large Hotels 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.9 0.8 0.2 0.255 Small Hotels 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.156 B&B and Guest House 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.057 Self Catering 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.058 Other Accom 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.059 Restaurants etc 1.9 0.5 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 1.4 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.9 0.5 5.7 2.5 0.6 0.660 Railways 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.7 2.4 3.2 0.1 0.161 Road transport 2.5 0.6 1.4 19.7 9.5 2.4 2.7 4.2 9.4 0.8 8.3 2.1 0.4 5.4 10.1 3.9 1.7 17.9 0.6 7.162 Sea and Air transport 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.4 1.0 0.0 0.063 Transport services 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.4 1.0 0.1 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.4 5.2 6.9 1.8 1.164 Travel Agents 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.065 Postal services 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.4 3.0 0.4 2.2 1.3 0.0 0.6 2.4 0.5 6.4 4.5 1.3 3.766 Telecomms 4.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.9 0.1 0.7 0.7 1.6 2.1 2.3 0.4 0.467 Banking and Finance 9.6 0.0 2.0 12.3 16.2 8.5 3.3 8.5 12.4 1.0 13.8 6.8 1.6 8.4 15.1 6.6 58.4 28.3 12.1 11.568 Insurance 15.5 0.0 0.6 0.9 3.2 2.0 0.5 1.9 1.1 0.1 1.6 1.6 0.2 2.9 3.2 2.0 5.0 4.1 0.8 1.869 Other Financial services 3.6 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.0 2.2 1.8 0.1 0.170 Real estate 12.3 0.1 0.0 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.3 2.9 1.4 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.7 2.4 2.6 14.3 4.0 6.8 0.6 0.971 Ownership & Rental of Dwellings 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.072 Renting of moveables 0.2 0.0 2.1 2.9 2.2 1.4 0.9 1.7 0.8 0.1 1.0 1.4 0.1 2.0 2.1 1.6 3.1 5.0 0.8 1.073 Legal services 34.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.1 2.1 2.0 0.574 Accountancy services 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.7 2.2 4.1 1.5 0.675 Computer and related activities 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.4 1.0 0.8 6.7 6.3 1.0 1.176 R&D 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.1 1.9 0.9 0.377 Market research, advertising 2.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 2.5 0.6 1.8 2.5 8.6 1.9 8.8 0.8 0.2 1.7 2.0 3.0 4.6 6.6 2.9 19.178 Other business services 2.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 2.9 0.5 0.4 2.3 1.4 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.8 1.4 1.0 17.5 7.2 2.7 3.479 Other professional Services 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.9 0.3 0.6 2.2 2.1 0.3 2.6 1.1 0.3 0.9 2.5 0.5 12.7 8.7 2.7 1.680 Public Admin 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.181 Education 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 1.4 3.5 1.6 0.482 Health and social work 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 2.2 3.2 1.4 0.483 Museums & Galleries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.084 Attractions, Gardens & other ent. nec. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.085 Theme parks and stadia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.086 Other Recreation, media & film 14.9 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.9 17.3 5.2 4.7 2.2 0.487 Sanitary Services 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 3.0 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.1 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.6 2.5 0.4 6.9 6.1 0.5 0.688 Other Services 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total Intermediate 420.3 23.3 30.8 74.4 344.2 226.3 88.0 111.3 121.9 15.0 118.9 38.9 8.5 101.0 187.2 102.7 552.0 395.6 58.3 134.2

Imports Rest of UK 254.5 13.4 23.2 40.7 283.0 121.5 66.8 138.0 94.4 13.8 113.4 55.7 11.3 151.1 199.8 147.8 672.2 503.4 56.5 136.5Imports Rest of World 75.2 2.8 12.0 35.8 101.2 56.4 27.8 40.1 41.4 4.7 38.3 43.6 11.1 70.5 229.4 54.2 3142.1 526.1 32.0 48.6

Taxes less subsidies on production -8.4 -0.8 3.0 3.2 2.7 1.6 1.1 3.2 1.6 0.2 3.2 1.4 0.2 5.3 6.4 3.3 17.9 11.9 0.8 2.2Compensation of employees 144.8 27.4 17.4 33.2 132.8 54.6 38.9 105.0 57.2 10.0 43.8 54.2 12.4 80.8 118.1 141.2 324.7 315.0 50.5 78.2Gross operating surplus 381.2 29.5 5.7 43.9 85.2 42.1 38.1 42.3 43.2 6.9 103.4 24.8 8.1 73.7 108.0 90.4 313.6 269.1 43.7 43.3Taxes on Products 39.7 2.2 2.4 4.5 12.0 11.0 4.5 9.1 6.3 1.5 11.8 3.1 0.9 9.7 28.2 12.4 112.6 56.7 3.5 14.7

TOTAL 1307.3 97.8 94.6 235.6 961.2 513.5 265.2 449.0 366.0 52.1 432.8 221.7 52.5 492.1 877.2 551.9 5135.1 2077.7 245.4 457.7



1 Agric & fish2 Forestry3 Coal & other primary extraction4 Other mining & quarrying5 Meat6 Dairy7 Fish, vegetables, grain mill products8 Bread & biscuits9 Misc Foods

10 Confectionery11 Drinks and Tobacco12 Textiles13 Clothing14 Wood Products15 Paper and Pulps16 Publishing17 Oil Processing18 Chemicals19 Pharmaceutical20 Soaps21 Rubber products22 Plastics23 Glass and Ceramics24 Cement/plaster25 Iron and Steel26 Aluminium & non-ferrous metals27 Forging/pressing28 Structural metals29 Machinery30 Domestic appliances31 Office machinery32 Electrical motors and transformers33 Wires and Cables34 Industrial electrical equipment35 Electronic Components36 TVs37 Control equipment38 Motor Vehicles39 Other Vehicles40 Furniture41 Other manufacturing42 Electricity - Coal43 Electricity - Gas44 Electricity - Nuclear45 Electricity - Hydro46 Electricity - Other Renewables47 Elec - Transmission, Distribution & Supply48 Gas 49 Water50 Construction51 Distribution and Repairs52 Wholesale53 Retail54 Large Hotels55 Small Hotels56 B&B and Guest House57 Self Catering58 Other Accom59 Restaurants etc60 Railways61 Road transport62 Sea and Air transport63 Transport services64 Travel Agents65 Postal services66 Telecomms67 Banking and Finance68 Insurance69 Other Financial services70 Real estate71 Ownership & Rental of Dwellings72 Renting of moveables73 Legal services74 Accountancy services75 Computer and related activities76 R&D77 Market research, advertising78 Other business services79 Other professional Services80 Public Admin81 Education82 Health and social work83 Museums & Galleries84 Attractions, Gardens & other ent. nec.85 Theme parks and stadia86 Other Recreation, media & film87 Sanitary Services88 Other Services

Total Intermediate

Imports Rest of UKImports Rest of World

Taxes less subsidies on productionCompensation of employeesGross operating surplusTaxes on Products

TOTAL

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

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0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.7 3.1 7.6 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.00.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.00.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.0 0.0 0.60.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.1 1.2 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.9 5.3 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 6.9 2.0 54.00.1 3.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 2.5 0.9 0.90.2 3.9 1.2 0.3 4.6 0.9 6.2 0.8 3.1 0.9 0.2 1.8 0.5 1.8 4.6 1.7 2.0 13.3 10.6 2.00.1 3.6 0.5 0.6 2.4 0.9 3.8 2.4 2.0 0.5 0.0 1.4 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.1 1.1 2.8 1.1 2.60.5 10.0 0.6 0.0 3.9 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.2 6.0 1.8 2.50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 15.9 0.4 0.00.3 79.5 1.1 0.6 0.1 1.0 4.6 3.6 6.6 1.0 1.3 7.0 2.2 6.3 0.6 1.2 8.7 82.7 2.9 13.70.0 8.1 9.0 0.7 4.5 0.2 0.3 2.3 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.1 2.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 10.7 1.3 0.00.0 0.0 0.2 21.2 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.00.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 201.9 0.0 52.6 25.9 14.1 4.4 0.1 3.1 0.0 4.5 1.0 0.3 0.6 29.2 4.9 5.50.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.8 33.8 5.5 2.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 3.7 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 3.7 0.8 0.51.1 11.3 1.3 1.5 20.4 1.9 45.8 29.2 34.6 7.1 0.8 7.1 4.3 8.8 9.9 3.4 4.6 161.2 90.3 2.80.0 0.2 1.9 2.2 2.1 0.2 0.7 22.2 3.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 4.1 5.3 0.30.7 4.4 1.6 3.1 34.6 3.3 6.4 7.1 19.3 0.7 0.0 6.5 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.4 1.6 26.6 12.9 3.50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.00.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 2.7 0.20.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.3 1.4 0.3 2.3 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.4 5.8 0.3 4.3 0.00.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.0 0.8 0.1 1.1 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.1 0.0 1.2 0.1 6.3 12.0 3.5 5.9 1.2 1.2 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 2.7 0.8 3.1 5.7 2.8 9.4 0.0 0.1 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 13.6 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.00.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 3.2 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 4.5 3.0 8.6 0.30.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 2.3 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 69.3 0.6 0.30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98.8 0.00.0 2.9 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 2.2 4.1 0.8 38.10.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 26.0 4.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01.2 17.0 5.4 10.7 119.3 1.1 23.0 13.6 12.8 2.1 0.1 4.9 1.2 4.4 2.2 1.0 3.6 12.6 21.6 1.60.2 1.7 2.6 3.1 28.5 1.7 3.9 0.9 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.8 4.1 0.20.1 0.8 0.3 1.0 6.3 0.5 1.9 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.9 2.4 0.10.8 2.1 1.5 1.1 22.9 1.8 4.8 4.6 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 1.8 0.6 1.5 25.8 8.9 2.10.1 2.1 0.4 0.6 15.6 0.5 3.1 1.8 2.4 1.0 0.2 1.1 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.0 2.0 9.8 2.4 1.31.5 26.4 5.2 7.9 160.3 7.0 42.2 25.1 33.6 13.6 3.4 14.5 6.5 16.0 20.6 13.6 26.9 92.8 33.5 18.50.1 1.0 0.2 0.3 5.8 0.3 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.0 3.4 1.2 0.70.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 1.6 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.10.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.1 1.4 0.2 0.6 4.9 0.8 2.0 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.2 1.6 3.4 0.40.0 1.0 0.3 1.2 24.2 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.6 5.1 2.0 0.20.7 16.3 5.3 30.3 91.6 4.8 10.7 6.2 5.0 2.8 0.1 2.5 1.9 2.7 0.6 0.9 1.5 22.3 3.0 6.50.0 0.3 0.1 0.5 22.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.6 0.10.1 3.5 0.5 0.5 4.0 0.6 2.5 0.7 1.8 0.8 0.1 1.2 0.5 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 8.6 8.0 1.50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.00.1 1.4 0.2 2.1 10.9 0.4 1.3 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.9 2.9 0.70.1 1.5 0.1 0.7 2.7 0.4 2.0 1.3 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.6 1.7 1.01.1 29.7 2.0 8.6 128.5 4.1 19.0 23.3 23.7 5.7 0.7 9.5 2.8 10.8 7.1 9.0 11.3 14.2 58.4 8.10.4 6.1 0.7 1.8 10.5 2.0 7.1 4.8 5.9 1.4 0.1 1.7 0.6 1.9 0.7 0.7 2.3 3.0 7.9 2.70.0 0.6 0.1 0.5 8.8 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.2 0.10.2 8.5 0.4 0.5 3.6 1.0 4.2 5.1 4.7 0.9 0.3 2.3 0.2 2.5 0.6 1.2 3.3 1.9 9.7 2.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.4 4.1 0.5 2.5 14.7 0.9 4.1 4.3 2.5 0.9 0.1 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.4 1.5 3.7 4.6 1.40.1 1.4 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.0 3.2 0.40.1 2.5 0.2 0.3 2.9 0.4 2.3 0.6 2.5 0.7 0.1 1.0 0.4 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 2.1 6.6 2.40.1 1.5 0.2 0.4 15.9 0.5 1.3 1.1 1.7 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.2 2.0 0.9 0.4 1.3 5.5 22.2 0.40.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.6 2.0 0.20.3 3.6 0.2 0.8 5.0 0.5 1.2 2.2 1.8 2.7 0.1 1.4 0.1 2.1 1.0 1.5 1.4 11.3 4.6 3.20.1 1.9 0.3 0.4 3.9 1.2 2.6 4.0 2.6 1.3 0.2 4.6 0.9 6.0 2.0 1.2 2.2 2.1 11.2 1.80.2 5.8 0.5 0.9 9.8 1.5 4.7 3.7 6.5 1.3 0.2 2.9 0.8 3.6 2.8 2.6 3.5 6.2 38.2 2.70.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.30.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.7 0.4 1.5 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 3.2 3.9 0.50.0 1.2 0.2 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.7 0.3 1.4 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 2.2 3.5 0.40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 1.5 0.9 0.4 4.9 3.4 1.5 0.8 2.5 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.8 7.4 0.70.2 0.7 2.1 1.4 2.8 0.8 1.9 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 1.0 4.7 1.9 1.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0

11.9 280.1 50.4 117.3 1059.5 139.2 288.0 215.5 221.7 58.6 12.0 98.0 33.4 107.7 94.9 72.4 127.7 708.0 538.5 192.2

18.2 281.6 48.9 77.3 1105.9 156.5 341.5 192.4 328.9 89.1 12.4 88.0 43.5 114.3 122.0 56.9 129.4 775.8 398.9 216.511.9 190.7 26.8 50.0 813.4 159.9 176.4 94.7 169.7 62.1 20.0 70.5 33.1 86.4 110.7 88.7 132.3 518.7 564.9 144.0

0.5 7.8 2.3 4.7 37.7 51.6 12.0 6.2 7.1 2.1 0.1 2.5 1.1 2.6 1.3 2.4 3.9 10.3 8.1 8.120.5 256.4 49.7 82.1 513.7 66.3 360.2 170.9 230.8 60.4 6.3 77.7 28.9 104.7 67.2 38.6 131.0 315.3 405.8 179.17.1 101.6 30.0 113.2 213.3 109.8 116.8 49.6 121.5 43.3 2.9 63.9 18.2 61.8 53.9 27.8 49.1 83.2 275.0 159.81.1 16.2 4.8 6.1 67.5 7.2 13.4 10.3 13.5 3.3 1.2 5.4 1.8 6.4 7.2 9.0 9.5 43.6 71.2 21.2

71.3 1134.5 212.9 450.6 3811.0 690.4 1308.3 739.8 1093.2 319.1 54.9 405.9 159.9 484.0 457.1 295.7 582.9 2454.8 2262.3 921.0





Total Intermediate



TOTAL

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

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s

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.4 7.9 3.1 2.5 1.0 0.6 0.8 19.7 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 69.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.10.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.7 12.1 4.4 6.6 3.6 0.9 1.0 31.5 0.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 4.4 3.4 3.5 2.5 0.3 1.0 9.6 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.7 6.2 2.0 2.5 1.0 0.6 0.3 21.2 0.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 7.4 14.7 8.9 8.4 3.5 0.9 0.0 34.4 0.10.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 2.9 11.1 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 12.9 0.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 7.2 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.8 2.4 0.6 2.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 4.3 0.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.06.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.2 0.5 0.9 1.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.11.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.5 2.3 1.6 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.00.9 0.6 1.1 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.5 6.1 7.7 14.4 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.22.1 4.7 9.3 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 6.7 9.2 34.8 27.2 2.4 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 9.3 1.62.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.0 0.2 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

16.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.6 81.0 14.8 11.1 8.4 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.70.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 0.5 1.5 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.20.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 140.1 0.1 7.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.54.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.13.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 8.9 1.8 2.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.21.7 1.1 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 39.1 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.21.9 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.4 9.5 7.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.00.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 10.5 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.30.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.5 2.1 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 389.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 481.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 33.0 0.0 262.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 151.3 0.0 0.0 38.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05.7 18.4 21.6 54.8 0.1 1.6 167.8 112.5 14.7 8.1 4.8 7.7 28.9 15.3 3.5 2.6 4.0 2.0 2.7 3.80.7 14.1 119.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.1 0.1 0.8 1.3 1.2 3.4 3.9 1.5 0.7 1.1 4.1 0.7 0.40.5 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.3 1.8 4.1 2.0 0.1 0.2 3.5 0.1 0.00.5 1.5 3.0 1.3 0.3 13.4 0.0 5.8 44.3 819.4 2.8 8.9 21.2 0.8 3.9 0.2 4.4 0.6 2.7 0.51.1 0.9 0.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.1 6.2 21.2 27.2 19.8 1.7 1.0 0.7 1.8 0.0 6.1 5.2

14.7 13.0 1.2 1.9 0.4 0.6 0.0 24.3 1.1 64.2 11.9 10.4 15.0 3.9 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 10.6 1.30.5 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 2.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.00.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.7 1.6 19.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.20.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 8.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.7 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 1.5 2.0 4.7 59.4 1.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 1.10.6 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.4 5.1 2.6 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.5 1.14.7 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 14.6 31.2 112.6 50.1 1.8 1.2 0.1 0.0 1.8 8.2 1.10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.6 2.3 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.20.7 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 2.2 17.6 152.7 26.3 2.4 1.0 0.0 2.3 0.7 9.2 66.40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.70.4 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.0 4.8 17.1 10.9 1.3 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.2 5.4 0.30.9 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.9 4.0 6.4 19.9 11.2 2.0 1.3 0.0 0.5 0.2 8.6 0.68.1 2.9 5.7 3.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 7.3 271.5 30.4 20.1 32.6 65.3 4.0 2.2 7.0 9.8 4.4 0.7 1.32.5 0.7 1.5 2.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.0 6.3 6.9 16.2 16.4 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.1 2.8 0.40.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 10.7 0.9 4.2 8.5 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 2.3 0.23.1 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.1 12.8 0.0 4.6 2.2 108.1 9.8 77.7 213.2 3.6 2.4 1.4 1.4 0.6 12.6 0.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01.8 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.2 68.2 8.3 2.8 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.3 14.10.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 15.0 7.5 17.4 9.2 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.3 4.6 0.80.5 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 22.1 12.2 21.2 29.3 1.4 1.4 0.2 4.6 1.8 8.3 0.90.5 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.2 12.0 13.7 21.9 26.2 1.6 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.3 6.4 2.60.2 0.1 0.2 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.6 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.33.5 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 7.9 14.8 13.4 16.0 57.1 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.8 4.6 2.03.7 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.3 18.1 43.1 25.6 53.9 46.1 4.5 3.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 21.2 1.91.4 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 1.0 4.1 53.2 9.9 8.6 15.7 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.2 3.6 0.70.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.1 12.5 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.20.3 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 2.2 0.8 2.7 4.7 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 4.3 0.50.3 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.9 2.5 1.4 2.9 2.4 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 3.6 0.30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.6 4.1 5.7 2.6 0.6 1.5 0.0 0.3 14.3 0.82.0 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.3 1.5 1.9 1.5 3.4 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.4 2.3 0.30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 14.7 0.6 0.7 1.2 2.4 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 4.8 0.5

110.1 135.0 180.7 241.2 37.6 32.3 1374.3 226.2 481.2 1697.4 307.5 764.2 919.3 95.8 69.7 31.5 45.2 27.4 316.1 119.1

129.2 40.6 27.7 40.1 8.0 21.7 50.3 355.0 79.8 1111.1 274.8 539.5 829.8 103.0 51.1 14.3 28.9 15.0 289.7 100.687.6 136.4 88.9 8.3 1.0 2.5 0.0 128.0 18.6 253.7 125.5 123.6 135.7 2.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 2.7 0.5 8.2

4.6 4.3 39.5 2.3 33.2 0.0 19.0 17.8 20.2 26.5 31.6 35.0 188.5 24.8 12.1 5.0 13.7 4.7 33.2 0.984.7 18.1 7.6 23.8 10.5 1.9 81.0 30.6 18.1 1065.6 503.7 765.3 1311.1 258.0 67.7 30.4 36.0 35.8 429.3 76.698.8 72.5 131.8 50.4 103.4 -24.7 50.0 134.1 67.7 811.5 196.9 318.3 1038.3 107.2 53.5 19.3 21.3 33.2 297.7 13.58.8 7.7 17.3 3.4 1.3 1.5 33.9 9.7 12.2 133.4 30.9 61.3 80.5 8.8 5.9 1.1 2.5 0.9 27.5 5.9

523.8 414.6 493.5 369.6 194.9 35.3 1608.6 901.3 697.8 5099.2 1471.0 2607.1 4503.2 600.2 261.0 102.1 148.3 119.6 1393.9 324.7





Total Intermediate



TOTAL

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

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dmin

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.30.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.10.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.1 2.30.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.20.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 1.70.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.40.2 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.90.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.10.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 2.80.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.2 1.20.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.7 14.84.0 0.2 10.1 0.4 1.0 2.1 51.3 8.1 8.9 3.9 3.9 0.4 11.5 1.9 1.4 0.1 6.1 3.7 6.6 45.0

56.1 6.5 5.6 0.0 1.9 3.9 9.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.1 2.5 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.3 1.5 3.5 2.9 22.20.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.0 1.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.30.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 2.82.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.76.2 0.1 3.4 0.0 0.5 13.5 2.6 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.3 2.20.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.20.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 5.30.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.20.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.70.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 31.30.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.60.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.40.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.50.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.21.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 2.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.60.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.80.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.10.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 2.32.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.10.1 2.6 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 99.10.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.4 11.20.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03.8 0.6 3.4 0.1 1.9 3.8 7.1 1.1 4.3 1.3 1.3 2.1 1.1 0.9 2.1 0.5 1.3 2.6 3.1 25.40.7 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 7.90.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 10.90.8 0.2 22.5 1.9 0.8 11.4 26.3 6.4 1.0 75.8 290.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.1 2.0 5.0 3.7 230.6

21.5 1.3 8.2 0.1 3.3 3.9 12.4 2.1 1.2 4.6 4.6 13.4 4.4 1.8 5.0 0.2 1.5 2.7 1.1 11.64.2 0.5 3.2 0.1 0.9 24.0 9.3 1.1 1.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.5 0.2 2.7 3.2 1.6 48.40.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.81.3 0.6 1.7 0.0 0.4 0.7 4.0 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 1.0 1.3 0.7 4.90.3 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 2.30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01.9 1.8 5.0 0.1 1.3 2.2 11.9 1.9 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.1 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.0 2.5 4.9 2.7 17.80.5 0.1 33.2 0.1 7.1 0.6 3.1 0.4 1.3 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 25.1

17.3 0.2 16.3 0.1 6.5 2.3 9.2 4.1 1.8 1.2 1.2 5.3 3.0 1.7 1.1 0.1 2.3 2.7 3.5 11.40.5 2.4 3.9 0.0 2.2 0.4 3.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.0 1.6 3.1 0.2 1.4

41.1 9.2 133.0 0.1 3.3 5.7 27.2 5.4 7.8 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.7 2.0 0.8 0.2 4.0 10.8 5.4 6.80.4 0.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.12.3 0.4 2.6 0.7 9.0 3.6 73.8 12.1 28.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 6.4 3.4 0.6 0.2 2.9 2.5 2.2 36.03.5 0.7 9.7 0.8 2.7 31.0 41.0 11.5 30.7 3.7 3.7 2.0 5.8 2.3 1.9 0.1 7.4 4.9 2.4 24.28.2 2.1 30.8 1.5 2.6 5.3 56.7 10.4 10.3 4.2 4.9 4.8 6.6 2.9 3.6 0.4 5.9 9.3 6.9 146.74.9 2.2 7.7 0.6 1.7 1.8 20.5 15.3 3.0 23.1 25.3 2.1 1.8 1.5 3.7 0.2 1.8 2.9 2.9 24.10.7 0.6 2.3 0.7 0.4 1.1 58.7 22.8 77.7 3.6 3.6 1.0 2.8 0.9 1.9 0.2 2.0 7.9 7.0 3.57.3 2.5 18.5 0.6 3.9 7.3 20.8 8.1 3.4 48.3 0.4 1.5 5.6 2.4 2.0 0.6 2.0 2.6 1.5 50.50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

11.4 0.1 12.7 0.5 1.0 0.6 1.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 2.2 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.6 1.3 3.1 3.24.3 0.8 5.4 0.8 0.8 1.3 42.8 7.1 8.1 9.8 9.7 7.3 37.7 7.4 9.1 0.3 8.8 11.8 7.3 4.35.3 0.8 10.7 0.7 1.0 2.0 51.3 10.6 5.8 6.8 6.9 3.6 16.1 5.6 4.5 0.3 5.7 15.7 9.3 8.1

14.0 4.6 27.5 0.5 6.6 10.7 28.4 5.2 19.2 8.2 8.4 2.4 4.7 3.6 4.4 0.4 4.4 8.1 7.7 62.90.5 0.1 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.7 1.8 0.4 11.58.6 1.8 10.9 0.5 3.1 4.9 21.3 7.3 4.8 6.8 9.4 7.1 6.0 1.9 5.7 0.2 7.5 18.7 6.4 48.2

17.9 1.9 35.4 0.7 6.4 7.4 45.4 15.8 12.3 22.2 25.8 9.7 13.2 4.0 31.1 8.0 36.5 111.8 16.0 77.63.2 0.4 11.9 0.6 1.8 3.0 22.4 5.5 6.5 12.5 12.9 5.7 5.6 4.0 11.1 0.4 10.7 31.3 21.6 18.93.5 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 33.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 13.21.3 0.6 5.2 1.1 2.1 4.4 19.2 3.2 2.2 3.3 3.3 0.2 12.6 6.3 2.7 1.9 4.4 5.0 4.0 110.30.8 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.4 4.1 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.4 1.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02.3 0.5 12.9 0.8 2.8 8.5 17.2 2.1 1.4 2.7 2.7 0.7 1.7 1.9 4.3 0.1 10.7 14.4 2.2 51.60.8 0.3 1.6 0.0 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.3 48.70.9 0.7 2.0 0.1 1.4 0.9 5.4 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.1 2.1 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.1 1.4 1.8 0.7 10.7

272.6 48.9 477.1 16.9 83.8 189.3 721.7 175.9 257.9 292.1 435.6 89.9 164.1 66.4 107.8 17.0 148.6 309.3 144.6 1447.3

196.5 40.5 564.7 11.1 63.2 212.7 601.8 131.0 134.1 177.9 251.5 74.2 88.5 39.9 79.0 7.4 185.1 304.3 83.7 794.850.7 32.0 46.4 1.1 26.2 120.0 157.3 9.9 36.8 24.2 24.4 16.2 14.5 10.3 67.4 9.2 24.6 64.6 28.2 745.0

14.6 1.8 26.9 1.0 4.3 6.4 38.8 2.5 8.5 1.8 -33.9 6.0 10.9 3.6 3.7 0.5 7.6 9.8 6.3 33.3427.2 48.5 509.9 62.5 226.8 268.6 604.3 71.3 233.8 278.6 184.5 131.6 260.2 158.0 224.2 33.3 217.6 524.2 363.9 2698.3124.2 29.1 216.0 10.2 45.4 264.7 454.6 40.5 114.4 910.6 4739.5 99.9 262.6 125.7 89.9 14.0 133.8 151.2 131.9 477.568.0 12.5 17.9 1.1 3.9 22.2 65.5 14.2 25.0 19.7 41.8 8.3 10.5 4.9 10.5 1.2 14.0 26.1 12.3 150.5

1153.8 213.2 1858.9 103.9 453.5 1084.0 2644.0 445.4 810.3 1704.9 5643.5 426.1 811.4 408.9 582.5 82.6 731.3 1389.6 771.0 6346.8





Total Intermediate



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and

5.6 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 474.0 108.6 0.0 0.0 135.9 1.7 3.3 1.0 6.5 523.5 1728.70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 71.5 142.30.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 2.7 177.30.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 41.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 146.6 268.92.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.1 189.5 127.6 0.0 0.0 7.2 2.5 4.9 3.4 0.0 586.5 1111.20.8 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 55.5 84.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 1.5 2.8 2.0 0.0 345.7 549.72.2 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 96.1 102.2 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.4 2.7 0.9 0.0 113.6 416.60.9 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 87.3 48.1 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.8 1.6 2.8 0.0 223.3 455.22.5 2.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.0 145.1 57.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.5 3.0 0.6 0.0 163.0 517.00.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.3 13.9 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 23.6 74.40.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 3.4 0.1 0.1 29.7 302.9 0.0 0.0 13.4 0.1 0.2 -0.5 0.0 62.9 438.31.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 10.5 5.1 0.0 0.0 42.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 171.0 240.21.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 4.1 0.0 0.0 15.4 6.0 0.0 0.0 14.7 1.1 3.3 0.2 0.0 15.5 71.70.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 153.4 3.2 0.0 0.0 4.4 16.1 23.5 1.7 6.6 231.9 594.24.0 16.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 156.5 17.7 0.0 0.0 121.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 548.2 1003.4

28.9 19.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.5 2.6 381.9 27.2 0.0 0.0 15.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.7 111.1 921.38.4 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 7.0 1.1 407.5 104.8 0.0 0.0 1097.1 30.1 107.9 138.0 0.0 3208.2 5501.17.5 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 2.4 0.7 111.2 3.5 0.0 0.0 936.4 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 873.8 2041.11.3 67.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 80.5 9.8 0.0 0.0 98.8 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.0 51.5 321.93.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.3 1.8 45.8 99.1 0.0 0.0 30.0 5.7 8.3 -0.1 0.0 199.4 434.10.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 25.7 4.5 0.0 0.0 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 38.7 101.63.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 3.1 0.5 508.6 17.6 0.0 0.0 36.6 1.1 1.6 5.8 1.5 551.4 1632.72.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.1 74.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 11.8 9.2 14.7 0.8 0.1 92.6 277.55.9 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 4.8 0.1 202.4 4.4 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 1.2 7.0 195.1 618.50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 356.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1151.4 0.0 0.0 21.1 0.0 2211.6 4096.70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 62.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 390.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 201.2 717.61.4 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 517.6 26.4 0.0 0.0 132.7 0.0 0.0 6.2 8.0 679.2 1887.81.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 114.1 3.5 0.0 0.0 56.5 0.0 0.0 3.0 53.7 427.5 772.40.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.0 244.9 20.4 0.0 0.0 318.6 0.0 0.0 5.9 71.5 381.3 1287.50.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 4.8 13.8 0.0 0.0 222.9 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.8 82.4 332.20.9 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 2.3 0.1 0.0 29.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.4 19.0 91.70.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 28.3 5.8 0.0 0.0 252.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 17.0 60.7 394.20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 113.9 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 23.3 162.01.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.1 48.3 3.1 0.0 0.0 336.6 0.0 0.0 1.8 3.1 36.6 477.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 41.9 3.1 0.0 0.0 335.1 0.5 0.9 3.2 11.0 43.2 480.80.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 0.1 0.0 29.5 27.3 0.0 0.0 122.6 0.2 0.4 5.0 0.7 149.6 364.80.6 37.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 77.1 5.0 0.0 0.0 180.7 0.0 0.0 4.3 2.6 248.2 595.10.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 100.9 3.1 0.0 0.0 631.9 0.0 0.0 10.5 0.7 1438.8 2286.80.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.1 216.0 24.5 0.0 0.0 192.9 0.0 0.0 5.3 45.6 1679.0 2379.18.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 101.2 90.7 0.0 0.0 162.6 3.1 5.8 0.7 48.6 464.5 978.51.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 39.1 3.9 0.0 0.0 109.3 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.1 311.5 504.90.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 389.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.2 0.0 0.0 795.50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 481.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 964.70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 359.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 720.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 380.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 68.7

16.5 22.1 0.2 0.9 1.7 6.2 5.7 1.0 1035.9 388.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.2 0.0 108.4 2567.05.9 7.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 2.1 1.0 0.3 338.8 292.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.1 0.0 230.1 1214.75.9 5.8 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.7 1.9 0.1 91.7 138.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 411.0 733.6

21.9 18.6 0.5 0.4 1.0 2.8 7.9 0.7 1816.8 201.4 0.0 0.0 86.2 0.0 0.0 11.1 2400.4 746.1 7078.916.7 9.8 0.1 2.1 0.0 1.7 2.6 3.5 341.3 750.8 0.0 0.0 36.1 2.1 4.4 86.3 12.2 214.0 1788.513.6 35.3 0.1 0.2 5.5 4.9 4.7 2.0 1332.1 896.9 0.0 0.0 249.1 23.2 48.7 -41.2 42.9 730.8 4614.60.5 1.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 48.6 3191.1 0.0 0.0 18.1 42.2 88.6 226.6 0.1 482.8 4146.80.9 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 59.1 38.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350.2 0.0 1.2 5.0 56.9 569.40.8 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.9 22.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 181.0 0.0 -8.8 4.8 38.7 291.70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.8 0.0 8.3 1.4 8.7 97.70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 127.0 0.0 13.7 2.6 1.8 145.10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 105.9 0.0 2.0 0.4 11.0 119.35.9 9.2 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 199.8 926.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 214.2 517.6 -31.3 5.5 59.0 2090.9

11.4 7.0 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.8 3.9 1.0 169.6 72.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.6 51.1 -34.0 0.0 20.8 474.222.6 35.6 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.6 6.2 1.7 713.1 246.5 0.0 0.0 5.8 65.6 72.3 0.2 11.0 130.9 1958.60.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.7 0.2 69.4 69.5 0.0 0.0 38.3 2.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 27.0 276.7

13.2 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 4.1 2.8 657.4 66.5 0.0 0.0 12.6 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 1122.6 2516.40.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 9.7 42.5 0.0 0.0 8.8 19.9 0.0 -1.5 0.0 0.0 89.29.5 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.1 1.3 310.9 28.7 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.0 97.6 750.57.8 21.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.7 2.2 3.8 324.8 304.3 0.0 0.0 302.8 1.3 1.8 2.2 4.7 179.9 1446.56.5 8.3 0.0 0.3 1.5 2.2 4.8 6.3 1445.4 698.8 0.0 0.0 200.2 0.0 0.0 -1.2 0.0 210.6 3999.38.1 24.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 5.9 1.9 360.9 17.1 0.2 0.0 10.7 0.0 0.0 -37.0 0.0 15.5 728.42.9 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 1.1 3.8 262.6 71.7 0.0 0.0 108.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 53.5 274.3 1032.9

11.1 30.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 3.3 3.4 802.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.6 0.0 0.0 -1.8 0.0 1189.9 2867.80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5403.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 412.0 5819.6

11.1 3.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 3.9 9.6 5.0 256.8 74.8 0.0 0.0 11.6 14.8 26.6 0.9 0.0 327.3 969.71.9 42.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.7 2.6 11.8 362.3 13.1 0.0 0.0 82.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 101.3 249.4 1172.22.8 8.9 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 2.0 11.3 349.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 14.6 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.9 41.6 760.3

43.2 31.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 5.9 6.6 503.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.9 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.0 102.4 1127.88.1 21.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 82.3 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 11.2 179.27.4 10.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 31.5 2.8 4.9 484.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.2 0.0 0.0 -1.4 0.0 228.6 1245.9

30.3 43.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 21.4 22.9 10.8 950.3 55.4 20.9 0.0 20.6 5.8 0.0 -0.1 6.0 318.3 2327.53.8 35.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 8.3 7.9 3.1 493.1 8.3 0.0 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 -2.0 56.3 264.2 1320.10.4 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 84.8 123.3 0.0 5871.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 267.7 6431.5

121.2 18.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.2 4.2 2.7 393.9 320.5 504.6 1795.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.3 0.0 618.4 4025.23.6 2231.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.0 3.7 3.9 2312.0 91.2 210.8 5431.8 0.0 4.1 5.9 0.8 0.0 76.3 10445.00.0 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 2.9 2.8 0.0 26.4 0.0 15.2 28.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 78.40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1 0.0 0.0 11.1 1.6 0.0 16.3 0.0 33.7 24.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 98.60.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 11.3 0.0 0.0 17.8 11.5 0.0 1.9 0.0 6.0 32.5 12.3 0.0 8.0 107.7

18.1 33.8 0.3 9.7 2.2 82.8 5.2 13.4 425.3 104.9 76.4 209.7 123.1 21.7 76.5 0.7 21.8 38.2 1523.67.6 24.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 151.2 3.9 384.0 116.4 0.0 433.6 0.0 1.3 1.8 -0.1 0.0 319.1 1640.13.0 9.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 11.3 6.7 6.6 98.7 302.3 204.1 0.0 0.0 5.4 7.7 0.5 0.0 71.5 789.0

544.6 2963.8 5.1 20.4 23.3 275.0 319.2 126.9 24536.3 16480.0 1020.6 13785.9 8828.9 1425.0 1175.8 499.1 3019.3 26731.8 122039.1

323.0 1650.2 2.8 17.9 36.0 384.3 171.2 63.0 18495.5 7994.3 149.3 408.8 427.8 221.7 461.2 138.9 1481.7 1489.2 49763.9136.3 454.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.4 67.0 47.6 11460.9 4885.5 58.0 0.0 0.0 99.8 198.0 33.2 630.3 153.4 28980.1

34.6 4.8 0.0 4.2 1.0 0.0 30.7 9.2 988.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1977.02385.4 2301.8 76.3 40.2 41.9 316.0 415.3 274.8 23240.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46480.5189.9 707.2 0.0 8.4 -8.1 112.5 234.5 167.8 16940.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33881.138.4 79.6 0.3 2.0 2.2 31.8 25.0 10.1 1840.8 1799.6 15.5 72.9 954.4 205.4 301.5 17.2 301.1 2944.8 10293.9

3652.1 8162.2 84.5 93.3 96.4 1120.9 1262.9 699.4 97502.8 31159.4 1243.3 14267.6 10211.1 1951.8 2136.6 688.4 5432.4 31319.2 293415.5


40

Appendix 2 - Input-Output Industry/Commodity Groups (SIC 2003)

Appendix 2 - Input Output Industry/Commodity Groups (SIC2003) 1

88 Category SIC2003 Classification1 Agric & fish 0100 DEFRA/Scottish Executive Agricultural Data

0111 Growing of cereals and other crops not elsewhere classified0112 Growing of vegetables, horticultural specialities and nursery products0113 Growing of fruit, nuts, beverage and spice crops0121 Farming of cattle, dairy farming0122 Farming of sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules and hinnies0123 Farming of swine0124 Farming of poultry0125 Other farming of animals0130 Growing of crops combined with farming of animals (mixed farming)0141 Agricultural service activities0142 Animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities0150 Hunting, trapping and game propagation including related service activities0501 Fishing0502 Operation of fishing hatcheries

2 Forestry 02 Forestry and logging related service activies

3 Coal & other primary extraction 10 Mining of coal and lignite11 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas12 Mining of uranium and thorium ores

4 Other mining & quarrying 13 Mining of metal ores14 Other mining and quarry

5 Meat 151 Production, processing and preserving of meat and meat products154 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats

6 Dairy 155 Manufacture of dairy products

7 Fish products, vegetables, grain mill products 152 Processing and preserving of fish and fish products153 Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables156 Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products

8 Bread & biscuits 1581 Manufacture of bread; manufacture of fresh pastry goods and cakes1582 Manufacture of rusks and biscuits; manufacture of preserved pastry goods

9 Misc Foods 1571 Manufacture of prepared feeds for farm animals1572 Manufacture of prepared pet food1585 Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar 1586 Processing of tea and coffee1587 Manufacture of condiments and seasonings1588 Manufacture of homogenised food preparations and dietetic food1589 Manufacture of other food products nec

10 Confectionery 1583 Manufacture of sugar1584 Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery

11 Drinks and Tobacco 1591 Manufacture of distilled potable alcoholic beverages1592 Production of ethyl alcohol from fermented materials1593 Manufacture of wines1594 Manufacture of cider and other fruit wines1595 Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages 1596 Manufacture of beer1597 Manufacture of malt1598 Manufacture of mineral waters and soft drinks1600 Manufacture of tobacco products

12 Textiles 171 Preparation and spinning of textile fibres172 Textile weaving173 Finishing of textiles174 Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel175 Manufacture of other textiles176 Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics177 Manufacture of knitted and crocheted articles

13 Clothing 181 Manufacture of leather clothes182 Manufacture of other wearing apparel and accessories183 Dressing and dyeing of fur; manufacture of articles of fur191 Tanning and dressing of leather192 Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like, saddlery and harness193 Manufacture of footwear


14 Wood Products 20 Manufacture of wood and products of wood

15 Paper and Pulps 211 Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard212 Manufacture of articles of paper and paperboard

16 Publishing 22 Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media

17 Oil Processing 23 Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel

18 Chemicals 241 Manufacture of basic chemicals 242 Manufacture of pesticides and other agro-chemical products243 Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics246 Manufacture of other chemical products247 Manufacture of man-made fibres

19 Pharmaceutical 244 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemicals and botanical products

20 Soaps 245 Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations

21 Rubber products 251 Manufacture of rubber products

22 Plastics 252 Manufacture of plastic products

23 Glass and Ceramics 261 Manufacture of glass and glass products262 Manufacture of non-refractory ceramic goods other than for construction263 Manufacture of ceramic tiles and flags

24 Cement/plaster 264 Manufacture of bricks, tiles and construction products, in baked clay265 Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster266 Manufacture of articles of concrete, plaster and cement267 Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone 268 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products

25 Iron and Steel 271 Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys272 Manufacture of tubes273 Other first processing of iron and steel nec

26 Aluminium & non-ferrous metals 2741 Precious metals production2742 Aluminium production2743 Lead, zinc and tin production2744 Copper production2745 Other non-ferrous metal production

27 Forging/pressing 275 Casting of metals284 Forging, pressing, stamping and roll forming of metal; powder metallurgy285 Treatment and coating of metals; general mechanical engineering286 Manufactury of cutlery, tools and general hardware287 Manufacture of other fabricated metal products

28 Structural metals 281 Manufacture of structural metal products282 Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal;283 Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers

29 Machinery 291 Manufacture of machinery for the production and use of mechanical power292 Manufacture of other general purpose machinery293 Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery294 Manufacture of machine tools295 Manufacture of other special purpose machinery296 Manufacture of weapons

30 Domestic appliances 297 Manufacture of domestic appliance nec

31 Office machinery 30 Manufacture of office machinery and computers

32 Electrical motors and transformers 311 Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers 312 Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus


33 Wires and Cables 313 Manufacture of insulated wire and cable

34 Industrial electrical equipment 314 Manufacture of accumulators, primary cells and primary batteries315 Manufacture of lighting equipment and electric lamps316 Manufacture of electrical equipment nec

35 Electronic Components 321 Manufacture of electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components322 Manufacture of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony

36 TVs 323 Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording

37 Control equipment 33 Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments

38 Motor Vehicles 34 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers

39 Other Vehicles 35 Manufacture of transport equipment

40 Furniture 361 Manufacture of furniture

41 Other manufacturing 362 Manufacture of jewellery and related 363 Manufacture of musical instruments364 Manufacture of sports goods365 Manufacture of games and toys366 Miscellanceous manufacturing nec371 Recycling of metal waste and scrap372 Recycling of non-metal waste and scrap

42 Electricity - Coal 401 Production and distribution of electricity43 Electricity - Gas 402 Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains 44 Electricity - Nuclear 41 Collection, purification and distribution of water45 Electricity - Hydro Calvin has SIC2003 for these?46 Electricity - Other Renewables47 Electricity - Transmission, Distribution & Supply48 Gas 49 Water

50 Construction 45 Construction

51 Distribution and Repairs 50 Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; retail sale of automotive fuel

52 Wholesale 51 Wholesale trade and commission trade, except of motor vehicles

53 Retail 52 Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles; repair of personal and household goods

54 Large Hotels 5510 Hotels55 Small Hotels all three categories (54,55,56) are in SIC2003 "5510"56 B&B and Guest House

57 Self Catering 5521 Youth hostels and mountain refuges5522 Camping sites, including caravan sites

58 Other Accom 5523 Other provision of lodgings necat present in 49b in "IO 2007" query on NOMIS

59 Restaurants etc 5530 Restaurants5540 Bars5551 Canteens5552 Catering

60 Railways 601 Transport via railways

61 Road transport 602 Oher land transport603 Transport via pipelines

62 Sea and Air transport 61 Water transport62 Air transport

63 Transport services 631 Cargo handling and storage632 Other supporting transport activities


634 Activities of other transport agencies

64 Travel Agents 633 Activities of travel agencies and tour operators; tourist assistance activities nec

65 Postal services 641 Post and courier activities

66 Telecomms 642 Telecommunications

67 Banking and Finance 65 Financial intermediation, except insurance and pension funding

68 Insurance 66 Insurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security

69 Other Financial services 67 Activities auxiliary to financial intermediationThis would be new. 67 = fund management/ security broking/ fin servs nec

70 Real estate 7011 Development and selling of real estate7031 Real estate agencies7032 Management of real estate on a fee or contract basis

71 Ownership & Rental of Dwellings 7012 Buying and selling of own real estate7020 Letting of own property

72 Renting of moveables 71 Renting of machinery and equipment without operator etc

73 Legal services 7411 Legal activities

74 Accountancy services 7412 Accounting, book-keeping and auditing activities; tax consultancies

75 Computer and related activities 72 Computer and related activities

76 R&D 73 Research and development

77 Market research, advertising 7413 mkt research and public opinion polling7414 bus and management consultancy services7415 management acts of holding companies7440 advertising

78 Other business services 745 labour recruit and provision of personnel746 investigatn and security acts747 industrial cleaning748 misc bus nec

79 Other professional Services 742 architect engineer services743 tech testing and analysis

80 Public Admin 75 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security

81 Education 80 Education

82 Health and social work 851 Human health activities852 Veterinary services853 Social work activities (this is new to "IO 2007" query 71)

83 Museums & Galleries 9231 Artistic and literary creation and interpretation9232 Operation of arts facilities9252 Museum activities and preservation of historical sites and buildings

84 Attractions, Gardens & other entertainment nec. 9253 Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserve activities9234 Other entertainment activities nec

85 Theme parks and stadia 9233 Fair and amusement park activities9261 Operation of sports arenas and stadiums

86 Other Recreation, media & film 9211 Motion picture and video production9212 Motion picture and video distribution


9213 Motion picture projection9220 Radio and television activities 9240 News agency activities9251 Library and archive activities9262 Other sporting activities 9271 Gambling and betting activities9272 Other recreational activities nec

87 Sanitary Services 90 Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation

88 Other Services 93 other service acts95 private households employers of domestic staff96 undifferentiated goods producing acts of private households for own use97 undifferentiated services producing acts of private households for own use99 extra-territorial orgs and bodies

the input-output tables for wales 2007 - cardiff university · input output tables welsh economy...

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