The Innovation Week on R.E.S.The Innovation Week on R.E.S.PV Systems Engineering and the other RESPV Systems Engineering and the other RES

T.E.I. of Patras with participation of other 13 European T.E.I. of Patras with participation of other 13 European UniversitiesUniversities

The Innovation and The Innovation and Entrepreneurial SpiritEntrepreneurial Spirit

Co-financed by Greece and the E.U. Co-financed by Greece and the E.U. European Social FundEuropean Social Fund

Prof. S.KaplanisProf. S.Kaplanis

1. Welcome

Welcome to Patra to this joint International event on RES with emphasis on PV systems and the Innovative & Entrepreneurial spirit.

History

It started as Summer School since 2002-3 with the support of the SOCRATES Program. In total more than 20 European Universities have contributed to its success.

This year we celebrate its 10th Anniversary

RecognitionRecognition

It received an Award by the E.C. in a European Competition, as a very important and influential Initiative, in 2007-8

Also, it is acknowledged as a high Quality Course in Europe and the only one delivered in Greece, concerning PV Training

Present StatusPresent Status

• An Initiative under the Unit of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,

co –funded by the E.S.F. of the E.U. and the Greek State

within the scope of the

Operational Programme for Education and Lifelong Learning

2. R.E.S. Importance2. R.E.S. Importance

• Solar Energy : Huge Electromagnetic Radiation

1.7x 10^17 W with a wide spectrum:• It is like the Heart in a body:

as it creates-causes Wind- Energy, Hydro cycle, Biomass……

but of low density as,

Solar Radiation Intensity = 1000 W/m2 at solar noon

in a clear sky • There is a need for Intelligent systems to convert to

other useful forms of Energy towards Sustainability

• SOLAR ENERGY

• PASSIVE SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES

•

• WIND ENERGY

• OCEAN ENERGY

• CO GENERATION

• ΒΙOMASS

• PHOTOBOLTAICS

• HYDRO ELEDTRICAL ENERGY

CLEAN ENVIROMENT

QUALITY IN LIFE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

LIFE

The Renewable Energy Systems as a factor of The Renewable Energy Systems as a factor of Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

Prof. Socrates N. Kaplaniskaplanis@teipat.grhttp://solar-net.teipat.gr

• Merits: abundant and environmentally clean.

• Requirements: Conversion to Thermal , Electricity, Chemical, even Mechanical

• Targets:

Design such Converters, ( solar collectors, PV cells) and conversion systems

• Management of the Energy System with R.E.S. in it

• Increase the conversion efficiency and cost-effectiveness

• Energy Demand :

Electricity- Power

Heat, space heating

Fuel – Transport

• Notice: Rational Uses of Energy and Power Waste are main issues for management and progress.

• ( Cogeneration)

Final Energy Consumption by Households in Final Energy Consumption by Households in EEA in mtoeEEA in mtoe

• 1985 1990 1995 2000

• BE 9.16 8.34 9.32 10.8

• GR 2.81 3.23 3.35 4.50

• IRL 2.13 2.17 2.19 2.50

• PT 2.46 2.29 2.99 2.70

• SE 9.65 6.84 7.78 8.20

• AU 6.99 6.77 7.04 4.80

Unit consumption per Dwelling (toe/dwel)- Unit Unit consumption per Dwelling (toe/dwel)- Unit consumption for space heating (toe/dwel)consumption for space heating (toe/dwel)

1 toe=41.8 GJ1 toe=41.8 GJ

• 1985 1990 1995 2000

BE 2.35/1.99 2.58/2.18 2.7/2.6 ---

GR 0.83/0.18 1.0/0.2 1.01/0.16 1.1/0.15

IRL 2.15/1.61 2.4/1.8 2.1/1.57 2.3/ 1.7

PT 0.40/0.26 0.53/0.34 ----- ------

SE 2.2/ 1.1 2.2/1.2 2.05/1.04 2.1/1.1

• The RES potential for every region is a MUST to be assessed

• A campaign for RES, with studies per se is imperative ( see Intelligent Energy for Europe)

• 1. Assessments• 2.Solar Energy map• 3.Wind Energy map• 4. Hydro potential• 5. Biomass estimation• 6. Waves• 7. Waste treatment

• Cogeneration

• Poly-generation

• Energy Storage

• Hybrids

• New sources

• others

• These are main areas of interest for RTD

3. Legislation

Renewable Energy Road Map:• To assess the share of RES in the energy

mix and the progress made towards the 20% of the total energy consumption from RES by 2020

• Measures to be taken to promote RES in the electricity, bio-fuels and Heating &Cooling

• COM(2006) 848 final , 10.01.2007

• Current Contribution (2005)

Energy Electricity

Biomass 66.1% 15.8%

Hydro-Power 22.2% 66.1%

Wind Power 5.5% 16.3 %

Geothermal 5.5% 1.2%

Solar Power 0.7% 0.3% ( Thermal & PV)

Notice: Heating & Cooling accounts for 50% approx. of the fuel energy consumption.

No Legislation to promote. Studies required for the impact to national economies

• For 2010 the target was:

• A 10% of the gross domestic energy consumption to come from RES. But….

• High costs and no- sensitization on the impact of fossil fuels to Health and environment

• Administrative problems, where decentralization of energy production is involved

• Special discriminatory rules are posed governing grid access.

• Inadequate info to suppliers, customers, installers

1. Directive 2001/77/EC

• To promote electricity consumption from RES.

If all m.s. met the target set, then by 2010 the share of RES in electricity would be 21%

2. Directive 2003/30/EC biofuels(5.75% by 2010)

3. Directive 98/70/EC on Fuel Quality…to be amended to include bio-fuels

4. Competitive and Innovation Framework Programme. C.I.P. 2007-2013

where environmental and RES technologies are invited to play a role……new jobs creation

5. The Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund COM( 2006) 583 final

6. Directive 2005/32/EC Eco-design reqs for energy saving products

7. Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy performance of Buildings ( OJ L 1(04.01.2003)

8. Renewable Energy: White Paper laying down a Community Strategy and Action plan

9.Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy [COM (2006) 105 final]

10. Directive 2006/32/EC on energy end-use efficiency

and energy services and Directive 2005/32/EC establishing a framework to set ecodesign reqs for energy using products

• The RES Laboratory of the TEI of Patra is active in RES Education-Training-RTD

• Education:

Offers courses in the 3rd and 4th year to Mech. Engineers students

• 3rd year:

Solar Energy assessment, Management, Applications,

Solar thermal engineering, Passive solar Buildings

• 4th Year• PV technologies, Sizing and Solar Buildings.• Wind Energy assessment, & Technologies,• Hybrid Systems• Fuel Cells

• Training

Short Training by course, by placement,

e-training, LdV projects to develop material

• Collaborations schemes : E&T , RTD

• National range

• European: ERASMUS, LdV, TEMPUS

• International: Egypt, ISR

• FP5 :ADEPT Project on

“ eco-design of products”

• FP6: CRISTAL Project on “Renewables”

• RES Lab. interests and activities

1. Solar Thermal, PV, Hybrids, Intelligent energy Buildings

2. Integration of solar technologies elements in the buildings shells: energy facades, energy roofs, walls, Space heating

3. Concentrating Parabolic collectors

4. PV generators integrated in building shells, hybrids, grid tied

• PV + Thermal• Simulation studies• Solar energy roofs coupled with floor or wall

heating• Natural ventilation of energy buildings• Comfort studies in buildings, introduction of

solar cooling principles to save energy• Sizing of PV systems. New cost-effective ways• PV+Wind Hybrid systems…..production of H2

and feed to Fuel Cells plant• Intelligent Buildings …predictive load

management• Tele-monitoring and tele-management of RES

• Promotion

Free evening classes

Visiting staff, MSc and Ph D students

web site: solar-net.teipat.gr etc

• Plans to:

• European M.Sc on RES: partners already:

Gr, CY, ISR, IT, ES, CZ, PL, DE BG,RO,

other associate partners:ES,DE,UK,SE,PT,SE

4. Our Initiative4. Our Initiative

• This is a joint initiative which brings

University actors, Enterprises and Social Partners,

from various countries together to a Forum of ideas, designs and products for elaboration,

Forging a spirit of collaboration for Innovations and Intelligent Application on RES.

5. Outcomes5. Outcomes• The CD to be handed to you will have an ISSN no.• The speakers are invited, if they like, to

prepare a scientific paper based on their ppt presentation, and submit it to us.

This will be reviewed as there is an agreement with the International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review, indexed by Scopus, to publish a special issue to include the reviewed papers.

6. Joint Product6. Joint Product

• A group of Professors of this International event were invited to contribute to a Book on Renewable Energy Systems to be published this year by

NOVA Science Publishers, N.Y.

Title: Renewable Energy Systems: Theory, Innovations and Intelligent Applications.

7. Expectations : Needs, Problems, Solutions

The rational management of renewable sources is getting more and more necessary and demanding.

Emphasis has to be given for a harmonic chain process of :

Production Consumption Offer Power Demand Source Load

•Target :

The most cost-effective type of energy in relation to the

Consumer / loads

(types and load characteristics)

widely Accessible and Available

•The last 30 years after the energy crisis, the innovations in products and applications based on R.E.S. are multiplied and developing,

mainly with the introduction and combination of new technologies

Broader and general target:•Clean environment•Abundant and Cheap Energy,•Meeting the energy loads,• where, when, the proper type.

• Quality in life, Continuous Development,• Job creation, • Competitiveness,• Less dependence… Independence,• Recognition ,• Power, • Production of Goods –Wealth-Welfare

Problems:

• Fluctuations on energy availability;

see the case of Solar and Wind Energy,

• Also, low energy density

• RES are abundant everywhere and costless;

• However, Inertia is observed

in the implementation of R.E.S. ,

in large scale plants and applications

•Need for:

1.Education and Training at any level;

see in http://solar-net.teipat.gr

CDA : Solar Energy : Technology and Management

1.1 provided for Engineers, Τechnicians, Market, Individuals, Institutions, Authorities,

1.2 Continuous and Updated,

serving the Technology Transfer,

the innovations development and cost-effective applications

• 2. Participation in international networks and partnerships joining various activities.

• 3. Development of S.M.Es and other Institutions to support and develop R.E.S. applications, beyond the small scale lab. or basic research.

• 4.Policy Decision Makers to be in Synergy with R.E.S. and the identified needs .

• The 30% of the energy demand...

due to buildings.

Therefore , Integration of R.E.S. technology and

elements into the building shells Intelligent energy buildings coupled to web

services. Energy Roofs and Facades Space Heating and Cooling supported by

R.E.S.

Hot water industrial use Hybrid systems Agricultural applications for example . Crop Drying, Water Purification,

Greenhouse , Air conditioning, Pumping , Irrigation, Lighting of Buildings and Streets

Space heating Energy storage

• Solutions- Tools

Solar -thermal systems with various types of solar collectors

Hot water or other type of fluidPV GeneratorsPV – Thermal ...., Power & Heat

production from the same PV array

PV and wind turbines or a conventional energy source,

PV and Fuel Cells

Poly-generation.

• Aim of the efforts

To maximize the Useful Energy (gain)

To minimize cost/unit : installation, operation, service and maintenance

Reduction of loses Increase of Yield, kWhe/kWp High P.R. value of the system

Cost – effective Sizing of the R.E.S. units,

Reliable and competitive operation

All those are issues to be managed only inter - disciplinary

Mind the… “System Inertia ”

Measure the Impact and the added value to of this event to its constituents and the social partners

SOLAR COLLECTORSSOLAR COLLECTORS

Types of collectorsTypes of collectorsStationary

Sun tracking

Thermal analysis of collectorsThermal analysis of collectorsPerformancePerformanceApplicationsApplications

Solar water heatingSolar space heating and cooling

RefrigerationIndustrial process heat

DesalinationSolar thermal power systems

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

• Ministry of Education• E.S.F. of the E.U.• The Operational Program on Education and LLL• The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit• The speakers who came from far away to contribute, • Our sponsors: Euro Bank, Solar Cells S.A.

Aleo, OTE, GEFYRA S.A. and finally

the persons behind the curtains, invisible who have done so much work, taking up all the tasks off my shoulders

Types of solar collectorsTypes of solar collectorsMotion Collector type

Absorber type

Concentration ratio

Indicative temperature range (°C)

Stationary

Flat plate collector (FPC) Flat 1 30-80

Evacuated tube collector (ETC) Flat 1 50-200

Compound parabolic collector (CPC) Tubular1-5 60-240

Single-axis tracking

5-15 60-300

Linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) Tubular 10-40 60-250

Parabolic trough collector (PTC) Tubular 15-45 60-300

Cylindrical trough collector (CTC) Tubular 10-50 60-300

Two-axes tracking

Parabolic dish reflector (PDR) Point 100-1000 100-500

Heliostat field collector (HFC) Point 100-1500 150-2000

Note: Concentration ratio is defined as the aperture area divided by the receiver/absorber area of the collector.