the influence of using news from voa english program toward student sarif

Copyright © 2013 Saripudin : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

THE INFLUENCE OF USING NEWS FROM VOA ENGLISH PROGRAM

TOWARD STUDENT’S VOCABUARY MASTERY AT ELEVENTH

GRADE OF SMA MUHAMMADIYAH N I METRO

ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014

(An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal)

By

SARIPUDIN

SRN 10341140

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF METRO

2013/2014


TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER PAGE .......................................................................................... i

TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................ ii

APROVAL PAGE ..................................................................................... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................... iv

TABLE OF APPPEDINCES ................................................................... v

LIST OF TABLE ...................................................................................... vi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem Background ......................................................................... 1

1.2. Problem Identification ....................................................................... 4

1.3. Problem Limitation ........................................................................... 4

1.4. Problem Formulation ......................................................................... 5

1.5. Research Objective ........................................................................... 5

1.6. Research Benefit ............................................................................... 5

1.7. Research Scope ................................................................................. 6

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1. Previous Research Overview ............................................................. 7

2.2. Theoretical Review ............................................................................ 8

2.2.1 The Concept Of Vocabulary .............................................................. 9

2.2.2 The Concept Of News ....................................................................... 25

2.2.3 The Concept Of VOA English Program ............................................ 29

2.3. Thinking Framework ........................................................................ 32

2.4. Hypothesis ........................................................................................ 33

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

3.1. Research Design ................................................................................ 34

3.2. Research Variable .............................................................................. 36

3.2.1 Conceptual Definition of Variable.................................................... 37

3.2.2 Operational Definition of Variable ................................................... 38

3.3. Research Population and Sample ...................................................... 40

3.4. Research Instrument ......................................................................... 42

3.5. Validity and Reliability...................................................................... 44

3.5.1 Validity .............................................................................................. 44

3.5.2 Reliability .......................................................................................... 46

3.6 Data Collecting Technique ............................................................... 46

3.7 Data Analysis Technique ................................................................... 48


3.7.1 Normality Test .................................................................................. 49

3.7.2 Homogeneity Test ............................................................................. 49

3.7.3 Hypothesis Test .................................................................................. 50

REFERENCES

APPENDIX


TABLE OF APPENDIX

1. Lesson Plan

a. Experiment Class .................................................................. 54

b. Control Class ......................................................................... 60

2. Instrument

a. Pretest .................................................................................... 66

b. Post Test ................................................................................ 67


LIST OF TABLE

1. Table 1.1 The Result Of Pre-Survey Data .......................................... 2

2. Table 3.1 the amount of students ........................................................ 40

3. Table 3.2 specification of sampling ................................................... 42

4. Table 3.4 Table of specification of instrument vocabulary mastery .. 43


CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Problem Background

From Past time to now as modern era, English language is very useful language. It

takes-part of important things that must have by everybody in each country, it

raises to easy they in communicating, trading, business and the other needed. In

Indonesia an education law has determined that most of Indonesian important to

get it well especially for student.

Richard and Rodger cited in Setiyadi (2007:16) at least basic assumption about

language are propped:

a. Language is system for the expression of meaning.

b. The primary function of language is for interactional and communication.

c. Structure of language reflects its functional and communicates.

d. The primary units of language are not merely its grammatical and structural

features, but categories of functional and communicative meaning as

exemplified in discourse.

The four basic assumption of language suggest what aspect of language should be

thought, how language should be presented in language class and how language

competence should be evaluated.

In this case, using of English language without understand and know well its

component include vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and the others that

supported it, it‟s like blind eyes and we will get great obstacles from it.

Vocabulary is one of important component from English language. We can‟t


communicate in spoken or written with the other without vocabularies, in another

word, it is true that it might be impossible to learn and use language without

mastering vocabulary. If we have enough or much vocabularies in our mind, it‟s

very helping us to speak or communicate well.

Based on the guidelines of SMA Curriculum of English (KTSP for English),

graduates of senior high school are supported to master vocabulary in order to be

able to communicate whether in spoken or written form.

When the researcher takes pre-survey in one of senior high school, it is in SMA

Muhammadiyah 1 metro, the researcher find verities mastery especially in

vocabulary. There are many students who ignore the importance of vocabulary

and most of them are not interest to find out the new vocabulary.

Table 1.1 The result of pre-survey data at the eleventh grade of SMA

Muhammadiyah 1 Metro academic year 2013/2014.

No Score Category Sum Percentage

1 81-100 Good 4 20 %

2 61-80 Enough 6 30 %

3 ≤ 60 Bad 10 50 %

Total ∑ 20 Students 100 %

Source :the English teacher of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 metro.

Based on the data above, the percentage of the student‟s vocabulary mastery is in

low category. There is 10 students get in bad score, it prove that their ability in

vocabulary still low. But for students who get good and enough categories are in

short range, it means that not all the students in SMA Muhammadiyah lack in

vocabulary mastery. They should be given a creative teaching that attracted them.


Here the researcher can categorize the learning and teaching process in that school

that make their students get low scores while in test.

Generally, most of students or teacher use old media and book only to get all the

vocabularies, collect and memorize the vocabularies. However, using of them it‟s

not enough, nowadays these media is uninterested for students, almost of them get

bored to looking for and use it. To make the students attracted to learn and

memorizing the vocabularies it can use the effective, creative and interesting

media. Its hoped, it can persuade the students to more active and can stimulate

them to get it easily. After the research get the pre-survey in the learning

achievement of Senior high School (SHS). Student in master the vocabulary is

still low, the media are used by teacher is not effective and not interest. The

teachers do not use technology and modern media yet totally. In addition, there‟s

most of the teacher lack in creativeness to create a creative media, and also they

only use monotones media in teaching.

To solve these big problems, here the researcher use interested media, the media

is using news from VOA English program. Why the researcher chooses News

from VOA English program, because almost the student only watch the news on

TV or in other media like Internet using Indonesian language. It gives some

advantages for the students, audience, reader or listener. It contents little

vocabulary. But if News from VOA the researcher believes that the students will

get many vocabularies are unfamiliar for them that its function use in their daily

day. In this case they will increase their vocabulary mastery instantly with simple

way. They not only can develop their vocabulary based on it but also the contents

of news itself will be got. That hoped can interest and make them get full spirit to


learn it. Because of that the researcher takes a pre-survey to be a participant

toward many students in senior high School Muhammadiyah 1 Metro (SMA

Muhammadiyah 1 metro) to know them all

1.2 Problem Identification

Based on the background of the problem above, the researcher likes to identify the

problem as follows:

1.2.1 Student in master the vocabulary is still low.

1.2.2 The media are used by teacher is not effective and not interest.

1.2.3 The teachers do not use technology and modern media yet totally.

1.2.4 In addition, there‟s most of the teacher lack in creativeness to create a

creative media.

1.2.5 And also they only use monotones media in teaching.

Finally to reach and solve these problems all students should learn more and the

teacher should responsible how to reach it successfully.

1.3 Problem Limitation

Based on the problem identification the researcher will be only focused on “the

influence of using news from VOA English program toward student‟s vocabulary

mastery at eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro academic year

2013/2014”


1.4 Problem Formulation

Based on the problem background, the researcher can formulated the problem as

follows:

1.4.1 Is there any influence of using News from VOA English program toward

student‟s vocabulary mastery?

1.5 Research Objective

The objective of this research is

1.5.1 To know there is any influence of using News from VOA English program

toward student‟s vocabulary mastery.

1.6 Research Benefit

The researcher hopes that this research will have some benefits in the study of

English especially in vocabulary mastery. There are two kinds of benefits in this

research, those are;

1.6.1 To give information to the teacher about the influence of using news from

VOA English program toward student‟s vocabulary mastery.

1.6.2 To motivate the students in learning English especially to increase their

vocabulary mastery by using news from VOA English program as media.

1.6.3 The result of this study can be used to improve the quality of teaching

learning of vocabulary in the school.

1.6.4 The result of the study can add the amount of the research especially

vocabulary mastery.


1.7 Research Scope

1.7.1 The subject of this research is the students of eleventh grade of SMA

Muhammadiyah 1 Metro

1.7.2 The object of this research is student‟s vocabulary mastery by using News

from VOA English program.

1.7.3 The place of this research is in SMA Muhammadiyah 1 metro

1.7.4 The Time of the research will be done in academic year 2013/2014.


CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Previous Research Overview

In this research, the researcher needs some previous research overview to support

and give some guidelines to get best result in the end of research.

The first related research was conducted by Yasmika Baihaqi (2010), entitled“

The influence of vocabulary mastery toward English speaking ability of the fourth

semester students of English education program Muhammadiyah university of

metro 2009-2010 academic year”. One of the purpose of teaching speaking is the

students are able to use English as a means of communication based on the

context and situation related to their level of vocabulary. The purpose of this

research is to find out whether vocabulary is influential toward English speaking

ability.

The second related research was conducted by Erma hidayati (2011), entitled „the

influence of using song toward the student‟s vocabulary mastery at the fifth grade

of SDN 2 Toto Mulyo east Lampung academic year 2010/2011”. The objective

this research was to figure out whether there is significant influence through song

toward student‟s vocabulary mastery. Through song technique, the students‟

vocabulary mastery influenced. The use song technique in instruction proves to

influence the students‟ activities. The students can active in learning, teaching and

response to teacher explaining about material.

The third related research was conducted by Serly Selvia (2011), entitled “the

influence of using word association technique toward vocabulary mastery at the


student of SMPN 7 metro academic year 2011/2013”. The teacher needs some

technique to progress vocabulary mastery. So the researcher wants to analyze

about the influence of using word association technique toward vocabulary

mastery at the student of SMPN 7 metro academic year 2011/2013.

Krasen and Terrell (1985:155) say that it one knows the morphology and syntax

of an utterance addressed to him or her, but doesn‟t how to meaning of the key

lexical form, he or she will be unable to participate in the communication, for this

reason, it is important to master vocabulary in order to able to communicate with

other.

Vocabulary is also important for the acquisition process. Kresen and Terrell

(1985:155) state that the popular beliefs are that one uses form and grammar to

understand meaning. The truth is probably closer to the opposite. One acquires

morphology call syntax because one understands the meaning of utterances.

Acquisition depends crucially on the input being comprehensible. And

comprehensibility is dependent directly on the ability to recognize the meaning of

key elements in the utterance. Thus, acquisition will not take place without

comprehension of vocabulary.

2.2 Theoretical Review

The theory review supporting this research includes the concept of news, News.

Everything that concerning about news. The concept of Indonesian Now program,

the concept of vocabulary and all the component of its. And the explanation of

each sub-topic is as follows:


2.2.1. The Concept of Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the knowledge of words and word meanings. As Steven Stahl

(2005) puts it, "Vocabulary knowledge is knowledge; the knowledge of a word

not only implies a definition, but also implies how that word fits into the world."

Vocabulary knowledge is not something that can ever be fully mastered; it is

something that expands and deepens over the course of a lifetime. Instruction in

vocabulary involves far more than looking up words in a dictionary and using the

words in a sentence. Vocabulary is acquired incidentally through indirect

exposure to words and intentionally through explicit instruction in specific words

and word-learning strategies. According to Michael Graves (2000), there are four

components of an effective vocabulary program

a. wide or extensive independent reading to expand word knowledge

b. instruction in specific words to enhance comprehension of texts containing

those words

c. instruction in independent word-learning strategies, and

d. Word consciousness and word-play activities to motivate and enhance

learning.

Learning a language cannot be separated from learning its vocabulary because

vocabulary is one of the most important aspect of learning the language. Hornby(

1986:959) says vocabulary is a total number of words, which makes up the

language.


Thus, vocabulary is a component of language that contains any formation about

the meaning and using word in language. It is to say that vocabulary is a part of

language which will make language meaningful. The more and better vocabulary

the students perform it language.

Fries (1973:32) state that Vocabulary is the essential of language learning. A

vocabulary is a set of words known to a person or the entity, or that are part of a

specific language stated by Aitcheson (2001). And Harmer (1993:153) stated that

if language structures make up the skeleton of language, than it is the vocabulary

that provides the vital organ.

As mentioned by rivers (1970):462), it would be impossible to learn a language

without vocabulary, learning a language means learning its vocabulary.

Vocabulary is a language component of a target language. It is because

vocabulary has many forms which basically refer to part of speech, and it can be

divided into some component, they are noun, verbs, adjective, adverb, and

pronoun.

2.2.1.1 Noun

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Whatever exists, we assume,

can be named, and that name is a noun. Nouns are the words we use to name

things.

There are five types of nouns: common, proper, concrete, abstract and collective.


2.2.1.1.1 Common Nouns

A common noun is an everyday item. It is the name given to a generic item: chair,

fish, concrete, cloud, tree, nail, screwdriver, pencil, coffee, arm, hair, kangaroo,

table, wall, or finger. It is everything and anything.

2.2.1.1.2 Proper Nouns

This is the exact opposite of a common noun. Proper nouns refer to all the things

that are unique. They have their own distinguishable identity.

All proper nouns start with a capital letter: London (a city), Napoleon Bonaparte -

(an historical figure), Amazon River (a waterway), Avatar (a movie), McDonalds

(a restaurant), The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (a book) and Sydney

Harbour Bridge (a landmark).

2.2.1.1.3 Concrete Nouns

A concrete noun is anything that can be perceived with our senses. We can see it,

hear it, smell it, taste it or touch it. We can perceive clouds, flowers, soil, water,

music, chatter, laughter, smoke, perfume, stench, sugar, salt, vanilla, velvet, silk

and bricks.

2.2.1.1.4 Abstract Nouns

An abstract noun is a state, a quality or feeling that can not be perceived by the

senses. We cannot use our five senses to perceive happiness, jealousy, beauty,

trust, loyalty, betrayal or love.


2.2.1.1.5 Collective Nouns

A collective noun is used to describe a group of objects. For example, a herd of

cows, a colony of ants, a school of fish, a flock of seagulls, a pack of rats and a

horde of zombies.

2.2.1.2 Verbs

Verb is the most important component of any sentence. These words tell about

the action or the state of any noun or subject. This means that Verbs show what

the subject is doing or what is the state or situation of the subject. For example:

He ran to the store. - Here the verb ran describes the action of the subject „he‟

2.2.1.2.1 Finite Verb

Finite Verbs are those verbs that have a definite relation with the subject or noun.

These verbs are usually the main verb of a clause or sentence and can be changed

according to the noun. They are used only in present and past tense. They can be

indicative of passive or active voice and also of number (singular or plural).

She walks home. - Here we see that the finite verb is walks and the pronoun is

'she'.

She walked home. - Here we can see how the verb changed/modified to change

the tense of the sentence.

2.2.1.2.2 In-Finite Verbs

These verbs cannot be the main verb of a clause or sentence as they do not talk

about the action that is being performed by the subject or noun. They do not

indicate any tense, mood or gender. They are used as nouns, adverbs and


adjectives. They are also used to form non-finite clauses which are simply

dependent clauses that use non-finite verbs.

He loves camping in the woods. - Here the non-finite verb is camping and it is

used as a noun. These kind of non-finite verbs are called Gerunds.

2.2.1.2.3 Auxiliary verbs

The auxiliary verbs of English are the following:

1. can, may, will, shall, must, ought, need, dare [modals]

2. be, have, do, use [non-modals]

Some of them appear in idioms--be going, have got, had better/best, would

rather/sooner (as in It is going to rain, I've got a headache, etc.)--and in such cases

it is just the first verb (be, have, had, would) that is an auxiliary, not the whole

idiom."

2.2.1.3 Adjective

Adjectives are words that are used to describe (what kind of?) nouns and

pronouns and to quantify (how much of?) and identify (which one?) them. In a

nutshell, Adjectives are what define nouns and give them characteristics to

differentiate them from other nouns. For example:

He was wearing a blue shirt.

Here ‘blue’ is an adjective as it is describing the noun „shirt‟ by answering the

question „what kind of shirt?‟

http://www.englishleap.com/grammar/participles-gerunds

http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/modalterm.htm

http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/idiomterm.htm


2.2.1.4 Adverb

Adverbs are words that are used in sentences to describe or change the meaning of

a Verb or Adjective or even another Adverb. They add description to the sentence

to make it more detailed and interesting. For example:

He walked slowly across the square.

Here, one can see that the Adverb „slowly‟ is describing the Verb „walk‟ by

telling that the person was walking slowly.

2.2.1.4.1 Types of Adverbs

Adverbs are used in sentences to answer many questions about the

Verbs/Adjectives/Adverbs themselves. The different types of Adverbs are as

following:

1. Adverb of Time

E.g.: The results were announced yesterday.

Here the Adverb is yesterday which is answering the question: When were the

results announced? „Announced‟ is the verb in this sentence.

Examples of Adverbs of Time are – Once, Never, Tomorrow, Daily etc.

2.2.1.4.2 Adverb of Place

E.g.:They will meet you there.

The Adverb here is there that is specifying a place for the Verb meet and the


Other examples of Adverbs of Place are - Anywhere, Somewhere, Near, Far etc.

2.2.1.4.3 Adverb of Manner

E.g.: He quietly slipped away.

The Adverb here is quietly which is telling the way or manner in which the action

was carried out and the Verb is slipped which is telling: How did he slip away.

These Adverbs tell about the manner of the action being done, whether it is done

happily or haltingly etc. Other examples of Adverbs of Manner are - Honestly,

Joyfully, Cunningly etc.

2.2.1.4.4 Adverb of Frequency

E.g.: He likes to watch TV every day.

Here, the Adverb is every day and it is telling about the amount of time spent in

doing the Verb, which is watch. The question in this sentence is: How often does

he watch TV?

These Adverbs are used to show the duration or timing of the action that is

happening/had happened/will happen. They also tell us how often and how long

these actions would be. Other examples of Adverbs of Frequency are -

Frequently, Often, Yearly, Briefly etc.

2.2.1.4.5 Adverbs of Degree

E.g.: She almost finished the work.


The Verb here is finished and the Adverb is almost which is telling us about the

amount of the work finished. The question being asked is: How much of the work

did she finish?

The Adverbs of Degree are used to show to what extent or how much has an

action been done or will be done. Other examples of these Adverbs are - Fully,

Partially, Altogether etc.

2.2.1.5 Pronoun

Pronouns are words that we use in place of Nouns (or other Pronouns) in a

sentence to make it less repetitive and less awkward. Some of the most common

Pronouns are - he, she, you, they, it, etc. These Pronouns are divided into different

categories based on their use.

2.2.1.5.1 Personal Pronouns

These pronouns are used for a specific object or person and they change their

forms to indicate the different genders, numbers, case and persons speaking -

Tanya told him to take the food to them as soon as possible as it was urgently

needed.

2.2.1.5.2 Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns are used to show or identify one or a number of nouns

that may be far or near in distance or time. They are only four in number - This,

That, These and Those. This and That are singular demonstrative pronouns and


These and Those are plural demonstrative pronouns. They can also be used to

show an unspecified quantity in a sentence.

That is a beautiful house. - That is a demonstrative pronoun that is referring to a

specific noun (house). This is a singular pronoun as it is referring to only one

house.

2.2.1.5.3 Interrogative Pronouns

Who, Whom, Which and What are Interrogative Pronouns as they are used to ask

questions about a person or object that we do not know about. Compounds of

these words are made by attaching „-ever‟ to the words to strengthen the emphasis

on the word.

Which one would you like? - Here, „which‟ is being used to ask someone to make

a choice between different things, instead of naming every single choice that is

available.

2.2.1.5.4 Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronouns are used to join or relate two different clauses together by

referring to the noun in the previous clause using the pronouns - Who, Whom,

Whose, Which and That.

Which and That are generally used for objects; while Who and Whom are used for

people, and Whose is used to show possession.

She will choose the colour which looks good on everyone.

Here, which is joining the two related clauses about choosing a colour and a

colour which would look good on everyone.


2.2.1.5.5 Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns are those which are used to indicate a noun which has been

used in an earlier part of the same sentence. These pronouns are - Myself,

Themselves, Yourself, Ourselves, Herself, Himself and Itself.

Rosa was going to take it to the shop but ended up fixing it herself one afternoon.

– Here, we can see that herself is being used to refer to „Rosa‟ again at the end of

the sentence.

2.2.1.1 Classification Of Vocabulary

The classifications given by Jo An Aebersold(1997:139) who classify the

vocabulary into active and passive vocabulary.

a. Active vocabulary refers to items which the learner can use appropriate in

speaking or writing, and it is also called as productive vocabulary. Although

in fact it is more difficult to put into practice, it means that to use the

productive vocabulary , the students must know how to pronounce it well,

must familiar with allocation and understand the meaning of the word.

b. Passive refers to language items that can be recognized and understood. It is

called receptive vocabulary.

Learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning a language. The more

words you know, the more you will be able to understand what you hear and read;

and the better you will be able to say what you want to speak or write.


Passive vocabulary contains all the worlds that students understand when they

read or listen, but which you do not use (or cannot remember) in they own writing

and speaking. Active vocabulary is all the words understand, plus all the words

that can use.

2.2.1.2 The Function Of Vocabulary

Vocabulary not as single words but as phrases, sentences, and sometimes entire

segments of discourse that act as single words. This view of vocabulary would be

helpful in: (1) bringing the vocabulary aspect of instruction in English as a second

language (ESL) closer to current research in language performance, (2)

connecting communicative language teaching and notional functional grammar,

and (3) learning the grammatical system of a language. Segments of language of

varying length are called formulaic or prefabricated speech. Like individual

words, they are stored in memory as units.

According to Metsala. J.L (1999) The role of vocabulary growth in the

development of two reading-related phonological processes was examined. In

Experiments I and 2, 4- and 5-year-olds and a sample of first graders performed

better on phonological awareness tasks for word versus pseudo word stimuli, and

for highly familiar versus less familiar words.

2.2.2 The Concept Of Teaching And Learning Of Vocabulary

The scientific research on vocabulary instruction reveals that most vocabulary is

acquired incidentally through indirect exposure to words. Students can acquire


vocabulary incidentally by engaging in rich oral-language experiences at home

and at school, listening to books read aloud to them, and reading widely on their

own. Cunningham (2005) recommends providing structured read-aloud and

discussion sessions and extending independent reading experiences outside school

hours to encourage vocabulary growth in students.

2.2.2.1 Intentional Vocabulary Teaching

a. Specific Word Instruction

Selecting Words to Teach

Rich and Robust Instruction

b. Word-Learning Strategies

Dictionary Use

Morphemic Analysis

Cognate Awareness (ELL)

Contextual Analysis

According to the National Reading Panel (2000), explicit instruction of

vocabulary is highly effective. To develop vocabulary intentionally, students

should be explicitly taught both specific words and word-learning strategies. To

deepen students' knowledge of word meanings, specific word instruction should

be robust (Beck et al., 2002). Seeing vocabulary in rich contexts provided by

authentic texts, rather than in isolated vocabulary drills, produces robust

vocabulary learning (National Reading Panel, 2000). Such instruction often does

not begin with a definition, for the ability to give a definition is often the result of

knowing what the word means. Rich and robust vocabulary instruction goes


beyond definitional knowledge; it gets students actively engaged in using and

thinking about word meanings and in creating relationships among words.

Research shows that there are more words to be learned than can be directly

taught in even the most ambitious program of vocabulary instruction.

According to Nation (1974) the teacher should decides the good method and

technique to transfer the knowledge concern vocabulary. Here some ways in

which can help the learner perceive the word by means of three separates senses

in teaching the form of the word:

a. Visually

b. Tactilely

c. Aurally

Furthermore, in teaching the meaning of the word:

a. Demonstration

b. Picture

c. Explanation

In addition, the technique for creating interest

a. Making it difficult for the learner to get the form the form of the word.

b. Making it difficult for the learner to get the meaning of the word.

c. Making it difficult for the learner to connect the meaning and the form.

And also There have been several studies of the vocabulary of university textbook

(Praniskas 1972, Campion and Alley 1971), the vocabularies can be learned in the

following ways.


a. The vocabularies can be learned in list. This is the best done on small cards

with the English word on one side and the mother tongue translation on the

other.

b. Learner can study prefixes root and suffixes which will help them remember of

the meaning of the words.

c. Learners should do large amount of intensive reading of university or other

specialized texts.

The process of teaching, it usually the teacher give some explanation first about

the vocabulary. If there are some word nothing that they did not know, the

teaching should be increase by make easier of the word or teaching itself. In this

matter, the transferring of knowledge concern vocabularies will be happen more

and more. It can be begin by make mistake of memorizing the source word to

target word. The student will also get experience what words that they

memorizing is false. In that case the teaching should be focus and detail in that

matter. For the result, here the planning of teaching and learning vocabulary will

achieve. First, to enable the students to recognize the vocabulary well. Second, it

to make spelling and word building absolutely clear, so that when the students

produce them, proved by the teacher, they know how to spell and what kind of

vocabulary that they are learning.

2.2.3 Benefit Learn Vocabulary

Vocabulary takes an important aspect in learning English language or it be second

language. It not only for English language but all the language need it for

communicate each other.


When the speakers say to other but they do not have enough vocabulary or not

understand about the meaning of its self, for the result the purpose of their talk do

not reach or there is will be misunderstanding and miscommunication.

In other hand, if someone good in vocabulary mastery, they will not doubt to say

what will they say and also they will catch up other saying easily. The other

benefit of master vocabulary here will explain in some ways.

2.2.3.1 The importance of a vocabulary

a. An extensive vocabulary aids expressions and communication.

b. Vocabulary size has been directly linked to reading comprehension.

c. Linguistic vocabulary is synonymous with thinking vocabulary.

d. A person may be judged by others based on his or her vocabulary.

Based on the importance of vocabulary in English or other language, vocabulary

of course has many benefits for learner or user as follows:

2.2.3.1.1 In Depth of Knowledge

The differing degrees of word knowledge imply a greater depth of knowledge, but

the process is more complex than that. There are many facets to knowing a word,

some of which are not hierarchical so their acquisition does not necessarily follow

a linear progression suggested by degree of knowledge. Several frameworks of

work knowledge have been proposed to better operational this concept. One such

framework includes nine facets:


a. Orthography – Written Form

b. Phonology – Spoken Form

c. Reference – Meaning

d. Semantics – Concept And Reference

e. Register – Appropriate Of Use

f. Collocation – Lexical Neighbors

g. Word Associations

h. Syntax – Grammatical Function

i. Morphology – Word Parts

2.2.2.3.2 In Reading

A person‟s reading vocabulary is all the words he or she can recognize when

reading. This is the largest type of vocabulary simply because it includes the other

three.

2.2.2.3.3 In Listening

A person‟s listening vocabulary is all the words he or she can recognize when

listening to speech. This vocabulary is aided in size by context and tone of voice.

2.2.2.3.4 In Writing

A person‟s writing vocabulary is all the words he or she can employ in writing.

Contrary to the previous two vocabulary types, the writing vocabulary is

stimulated by its user.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referent

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collocation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_association

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listening

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing


2.2.2.3.5 In Speaking

A person‟s speaking vocabulary is all the words he or she can use in speech. Due

to the spontaneous nature of the speaking vocabulary, words are often misused.

This misuse – though slight and unintentional – may be compensated by facial

expressions, tone of voice, or hand gestures.

2.2.2 The Concept of News

News is a report of a current event. It is information about something that has just

happened or will happen soon. News is a report about recent happenings in a

newspaper, television, radio or internet. News is something that is not known

earlier. From all these, we can safely define news as a development that has

happened in the past 24 hours which was not known outside and which is of wide

interest to the people and that which generates curiosity among listeners.

One of his editors provided the classic comment, "If a dog bites a man, it's not

news. If a man bites a dog, it's news." That is still true today. Definitions of news

vary somewhat depending on the time period, but basically, news is:

a. Information about a break from the normal flow of events, an interruption in

theexpected.

b. Information people need in order to make rational decisions about their

lives.To help determine whether your topic/issue will be of media interest, test

it with theseseven factors that determine newsworthiness.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesture


Most newsworthy events/ideas are a combination of these guidelines. I'm not

saying it's always the best thing for society, but this is what many journalists are

taught (Dana, 1869-1897).

According to Karl (2003 : 1) News reports stand up as people, and people wither

into editorials. Clich?s walk around on two legs while men are having theirs shot

off.

News is always the unreadable that occurs (Wilde ,2002)

Bogart, (1989) has given this comment that became synonymous with news .

When a dog bites a man, that is not news, because it happens so often. But if a

man bites a dog, that is news. Though this may seem true, sometimes, when a dog

bites a man that can also become news. Suppose a dog bites a famous film star, it

definitely makes big news. It is said that the letters in the word “NEWS” is

derived from the four directions as indicated below:

N orth

E ast

W est

S outh

This shows that news can come from anywhere. News is the report of a current

event, something that was not known, information of recent events and

happenings.

Wilde


2.2.2.1 Types of News

We can categorize these into four different slots respectively.

a. International news.

e,g Campaign for U.S. presidential elections begins

b. National news

e,g The Prime Minister of India to address the nation tonight

c. Regional news

e,g The State Government declares a holiday tomorrow.

d. Local news.

e,gHouse owner killed by servant.

In addition to the above, in any day‟s newspaper, you will find a variety of news

items such as reports about politics, about sports, about economy, about

entertainment, about crime etc.

News can further be classified as hard news and soft news. “India and Pakistan to

have bilateral talks on the Kashmir issue” is hard news. Similarly, the Prime

Minister making a statement in parliament about the Indo-US nuclear deal is also

hard news. But there are soft news items also. The wedding celebration of a film

star is soft news. A popular cricketer visiting an orphanage and taking lunch along

with the inmates is another heart-warming soft story.


2.2.2.2 Benefits of News As A Tool - Positive And Negative

News is a powerful tool. These can be positive as well as negative. You might

have seen news like this in papers. Two people died in a communal clash in a

small town. This is also negative news. This news can further provoke

communities in other parts of the country. Negative news creates a negative

impact. But if you closely watch the news items in a day‟s newspaper, you will

find that there is a mix of positive and negative news. Students of a school visiting

a nearby village and offering them voluntary service in road building are positive

news. A feature about an NGO devoted to uplift the condition of street children is

another positive item.

News can also be an instrument for development. Many a time it carries a

message to the people. For e.g. a news item such as “Government to give fee

concession to all students up to graduation”. It is development news. This

enhances the chances of education for millions of students who cannot afford it

and are thus deprived of higher education.

News is anything that interests a large part of the community and has never been

brought to its attention before and it is a media for whole information in human

life. It can from everywhere, anywhere, and anytime, it useful for all generation,

for young or old people. The source of the news is unlimited. In addition, News is

a report of a current event. It is information about something that has just







2.2.3 The Concept of VOA English Program

The Voice of America (VOA), a dynamic multimedia broadcaster funded by the

U.S. Government, broadcasts accurate, balanced, and comprehensive news and

information to an international audience. It started in 1942 as a radio news service

for people living in closed and war-torn societies. It has grown into a multimedia

broadcast service. VOA now reaches people on mobile devices and Facebook,

through Twitter feeds and call-in programs – using the medium that works best

for specific audiences. VOA‟s work in all languages and platforms is governed by

the VOA Charter on May 22, 2013 Washington DC 11:59 AM, signed into law by

President Gerald Ford in 1976.

In Voice of America: A History, Alan L.( 1942) Jr. former deputy director of

VOA, chronicles the remarkable transformation of the VOA from a fledgling short

wave propaganda organ during World War II to a global multimedia giant

encompassing radio, the Internet, and 1,500 affiliated radio and television

stations across the globe.

The Charter states, in part, that “VOA will serve as a consistently reliable and

authoritative source of news. VOA news will be accurate, objective, and

comprehensive.” That is why we feature those words on the VOANews.com

banner. The Charter also states that “VOA will present the policies of the United

States clearly and effectively, and will also present responsible discussions and

opinions on these policies.” VOA‟s journalists also rely our Journalistic Code,

http://www.insidevoa.com/section/voa-charter/2322.html

http://cup.columbia.edu/book/978-0-231-12675-5/voice-of-america

http://www.insidevoa.com/section/voa-charter/2322.html


which lays out the standards for reporting accurate, objective, and comprehensive

news.

VOA's current director is David Ensor, who began in August 2011. He joined

VOA as its 28th director after an extensive career in journalism and

communications. There is information about VOA's senior managers in our Key

Executives section, and you can check the History section for the names, dates of

service, and photographs of all VOA‟s Directors, beginning with John Houseman

in 1942.

On (http://www.goenglish.me/2013) this site, sponsored by Voice of America

(VOA), teaches English for speakers of Chinese, Farsi, Indonesian and Russian,

lets you hear and record each phrase, and marks you pass or fail.

VOA has worked with Dined to create podcasts for intermediate English speakers

to practice. VOA broadcasts them regularly. They are purely audio, but not

introductory. They have long English introductions, go fast with little time to

repeat, and diction is colloquial (N'York, th'United States, h'lo) based on

http://dyned.libsyn.com/2012).

On http://www.lang1234.info/3/category/voa/1.html state that this site has many

videos in English, with captions. You can repeat phrases, slow them down, and

get your own pronunciation scored by the computer. When you slow them, the

audio is still very clear

http://www.insidevoa.com/archive/from-the-director/latest/1502/1544.html

http://www.insidevoa.com/section/key_executives/2326.html



http://www.insidevoa.com/section/voa_history/2330.html

http://www.goenglish.me/

http://dyned.libsyn.com/2012

http://www.lang1234.info/3/category/voa/1.html


2.2.2.1 VOA HISTORY

The Voice of America (VOA) is a dynamic international multimedia broadcaster

with service in more than 40 languages. Serving an estimated weekly global

audience of 141 million, VOA provides news, information, and cultural

programming through the Internet, mobile and social media, radio, and television.

VOA is funded by the U.S. Government through the Broadcasting Board of

Governors.

On https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_America Voice of America (VOA) is

the official external broadcast institution of the United States federal government.

It is one of five civilian U.S. international broadcasters working under the

umbrella of the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG).

VOA is one of popular news program in the world, The Voice of America (VOA),

a dynamic multimedia broadcaster funded by the U.S. Government, broadcasts

accurate, balanced, and comprehensive news and information to an international

audience. It started in 1942 as a radio news service for people living in closed and

war-torn societies. It has grown into a multimedia broadcast service good and

innovation information from all aspect that are reserved for all people. They are,

such as : education, innovation, technology, economy, cultural and the others

aspect which useful for all people in this universe. Besides that, VOA has many

programs that existed in all era, since it started in 1942 until this modern era.

Nowadays, it serves the easy service to get information on VOA, using social

network like facebook, twitter, mail-list, friendster and for all gadget and

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_America

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_Board_of_Governors


smartphone. Its service reaches the long distance each country on other way it‟s

not limited service.

2.3 Thinking Framework

One important thing in teaching vocabulary is that teacher should realize that

learning a language always deals with a large number of words. Therefore, teacher

needs to know the thing that influence the students in memorizing process. The

following one main word categories and their classification that may be worth

considering in finding the right material in teaching vocabulary for the first word

count. (Burton, 2007:2

Vocabulary is one of important component in each language. It is basic for

communication, if someone does not recognize the meaning of the keyword,

His/her will be unable to participate in conversation to express some idea or ask

for information, a person must be able to produce lexical items to convey her or

his meaning. If there are many vocabularies are produced and save in memory of

brain, surely there‟s easier to communicate each other and will give clear meaning

or information about the topic is discussed.

The researcher think that is need a new media to make instructional better than

before. The reearcher assumes that use and applies news from VOA English

program as media teaching vocabularies. The students are more attracted and full

of spirit to learning it, so using news from VOA English program the student will

increase to learn and get vocabularies more.


2.4 Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible explanation to some

phenomenon or event. A useful hypothesis is a testable statement which may

include a prediction. A hypothesis should not be confused with a theory. Theories

are general explanations based on a large amount of data.

To deduce the explanation previously discussed there will be some of hypothesis

to describe namely:

1. Ha: There is a significant influence of using news from VOA english program

toward student‟s vocabulary mastery at eleventh grade of SMA

Muhammadiyah 1 metro.

2. Ho: There is no a significant influence of using news from VOA english

program toward student‟s vocabulary mastery at eleventh grade of SMA

Muhammadiyah 1 metro.


CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

According to Wallace (2001:12), research is the process of data collection, the

setting up of database, and the subsequent analysis of the data researcher has

collected forms the core of what. In the research there are many methods are used

like an experimental method. According to Sugiyono (2010:72) Experimental

design is a study which aims at finding out the influence of particular treatment

toward the others in controlled condition. In addition Arikunto (2006:6) an

experiment design always intended to get or finding out an influence from a

particular treatment.

There are some types of experimental method that used such as; pre-experimental,

true experimental, factorial experimental and quasi experimental.

Based on explanation above, here the researcher decides to choose quasi

experimental design with non equivalent control group design. Quasi

experimental design is one of experiment method has experiment class and

control class, but this control class has not more function to control another

variable that influenced the research. Sugiyono (2009:77) state that quasi

experimental design is used because in the reality difficult to find out the control

in the research. In this research the researcher realizes that there are limited to

observe the object which research.

Here the researcher use Nonequivalent Control Group Design. This design is

almost the same as the pretest-posttest control group design, this design only in


the experimental group and the control group was not chosen randomly

(Sugiyono, 2011 : 116).

The control group receives treatment over the same period of time, but undergoes

exactly the same test. The reason of the researcher to use nonequivalent control

group design because the researcher wants to know about the differences between

both of technique toward students‟ vocabulary mastery . The type design of this is

Nonequivalent Control Group Design as follow :

Class Pre-Test Treatment Post-Test

EC O1 X O2

CC O3 - O4

Notes :

EC = The Experinent class

CC = The Control class

X = Treatment

_ = No Treatment in Control Class

O1 = Observation of Pre test (Before give treatment of News From VOA English

Program)

O2 = Observation of Post test ( after give treatment of News From VOA English

Program)

O3 = Observation of Pre test (before give treatment of general Media/method or

No Treatment)

O4 = Observation of Post test ( after give treatment of general Media/method or

No Treatment)


3.2 Research Variables

A variable can be defined as an attribute of person, a piece of the text, or an object

that “ varies” from person to person, text to text, object to object or from time to

time ( Hatch and Latarazon, 1987). In addition Sugiyono (2012: 60) state that

variable is anything that shaped anything what established by researchers to be

studied in order to obtain information about it, then taken its‟ conclusions.

This research consist of two variables: they are dependent variables and

independent variables . Dependent variables is the variable that the researcher

observes and measures to determine the effect of independent variable.

Independent variable is the variable which is selected, manipulated and measured

by the researcher.

There are two variables on this research as follow:

(x) As the independent variable it is News from VOA English program as media

(y) As the dependent variable it is the students‟ vocabulary mastery.

3.2.1 The Conceptual Definition of Variables

In this part, the researcher will give the conceptual definition the variables. It

come from the News from VOA English program as variables X and the

vocabulary as variables Y. The detail explanation each variables as follows:


3.2.1.1The Conceptual Definition of News

News is anything that interests a large part of the community and has never been

brought to its attention before and it is a media for whole information in human

life. It can from everywhere, anywhere, and anytime, it useful for all generation,

for young or old people. The source of the news is unlimited. In addition, News is

a report of a current event. It is information about something that has just






3.2.1.2 The Conceptual Definition of VOA English Program

VOA is one of popular news program in the world, The Voice of America (VOA),

a dynamic multimedia broadcaster funded by the U.S. Government, broadcasts

accurate, balanced, and comprehensive news and information to an international

audience. It started in 1942 as a radio news service for people living in closed and

war-torn societies. It has grown into a multimedia broadcast service good and

innovation information from all aspect that are reserved for all people. They are,

such as : education, innovation, technology, economy, cultural and the others

aspect which useful for all people in this universe. Besides that, VOA has many

programs that existed in all era, since it started in 1942 until this modern era.

Nowadays, it serves the easy service to get information on VOA, using social

network like facebook, twitter, mail-list, friendster and for all gadget and


Smartphone. Its service reaches the long distance each country on other way it‟s

not limited service.

3.2.1.3 The Conceptual Definition Of Vocabulary

Vocabulary is one of important component in each language. It is basic for

communication, if someone does not recognize the meaning of the keyword,

His/her will be unable to participate in conversation to express some idea or ask

for information, and a person must be able to produce lexical items to convey her

or his meaning. If there are many vocabularies are produced and save in memory

of brain, surely there‟s easier to communicate each other and will give clear

meaning or information about the topic is discussed.

3.2.2 The Operational Definition Of Variable

In the operational definition of variables. It comes from the News from VOA

English program as variables X and the vocabulary as variables Y. The detail

explanation each variable as follows:

3.2.2.1 The Operational Definition Of News

The operational definition of news is begin from the meaning of the news itself.

Here the news function is to inform the reader or listener that watch, read or listen

the news from variety medias like Newspaper, Video or TV and also from Radio.

The researcher focused the news for students only, and the news is used is news

from VOA english program. The reason of the researcher use news from VOA


english programe because it is the good sources media that can use for learning

vocabularies. So It contains the new vocabularies for them.

3.2.2.2 The Operational Definition Of VOA English Program

Most of The program of the news on many TV station, Radio station or other

media is unknown by the people especially for the students in indonesia. Here the

researcher decide that the most news program that well-known in the world is

VOA, so the researcher thinks that it is the best one to recognize to the students.

There are many topic is informed to the listener or onlooker. Surely in the

contaion of news, the students can get much new vocabularies easily. The way to

make the students get the point of the news especially the vocabularies, it is

started by play video news from VOA english program or watch it onair using TV

then they are given the script of the news. After that the students mark the new

one the vocabularies are gooten by them.

3.2.2.3 The Operational Definition Of Vocabulary

The researcher in this session started by showing or playing the video of the news

from VOA without the script. Then the students are instructed how to find the

new vocabularies in it. In this part, the students should find out the new

vocabularies based on the news and give the meaning. After the they have done to

find it, the researher check it out by using their classmate. It means that the paper

exchange each other. For the result the teacher announce the answer key and

every classmate should be objective to give score to their friend. It is hoped from

that exercise they can increasing the mastery of vocabulary.


3.3 Research Population and Sample

3.3.1 Research Population

The first step in selecting sample is to determine the population. A population is a

whole of sample in research cited in Arikunto (2006:130). According to Sugiyono

(2009:80) states that population is a region consisting of generalization: the object

/ subject that has certain qualities and characteristics are determined by the

investigator to be learned and then retracted conclusions.

Based on the statement above, population is a total value from calculate on

measure of the group of interest to be researched by the researcher. The objects in

a population are investigated, analyzed, concluded in such away and then the

conclusion made is valid to the whole population. In this research the population

is the eleventh grade of senior high school of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro and

there are four classes. They are : XI IPA 1, XI IPA 2, XI IPS 1and XI IPS 2.

Table 3.1 the amount of students at four classes in eleventh grade of SMA

Muhammadiyah 1 Metro academic year 2011/2012.

No Class Students

1 IPA 1 20

2 IPA 2 20

3 IPS 1

4 IPS 2

TOTAL

Source: English Teacher in SMA Muhammadiyah 1Metro

From Data Above, The Population of This research is 90 students, Consist 4

classes they are IPA 1, IPA 2, IPS 1 and IPS 2 at eleventh grade of SMA

Muhammadiyah 1 Metro.


3.3.2 Research Sample

A sample is a part of a population that is selected for observation. Arikunto

(2006:130) state that sample is a part of population that has all main characteristic

from population. A good sample is one that representative of the population from

which it selected. Selection of sample is very important step in conducting a

research study. So, the sample is a part of pupolation whose properties are studied

to gain information about the whole population. In this research the sample is the

students at eleventh grade of XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2 of SMA Muhammadiyah 1

metro academic year 2013/2014.

3.3.3 Sampling Technique

a good sample is one that representative of the population from which it was

selected ( Gay 1990: 103) . Sample is part of whole and characteristic from

population itself (Sugiyono 2012:118). In this research the researcher will take of

two classes in the eleventh grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro as the sample.

The researcher uses cluster sampling technique. This technique have done by

consideration that the characteristic of population consist of groups and each

group in population is homogeny that is consisting the students in same semester

with get learning process in same environment. It use if population or sample that


Provided is cluster units in population. Experimental research about the influence

of learning technique commonly using groups of research sample that

have provided and groups of research sample have taken as being stratified

(stratum). Bellow the steps done by the researcher:

a) The first step, chooses two class from four classes of eleventh grade of SMA

Muhammadiyah 1 Metro those are XI IPA 1, XI IPA 2, XI Ips 2 and XI IPS 2.

b) The second step that two classes divided into one class as experiment class

and one class as control class. The class that has chosen as experiment class is

XI IPA 2 class and the class that has chosen as control class is XI IPA 1.

Table 3.2 specification of sampling

No Class Criteria Of Class Total Of Student

1 XI IPA 1 Control Class 20

2 XI IPA 2 Experiment Class 20

Total 40

Based on the table above the final sampling of this research is Class XI IPA as

Control Class and XI IPA 2 as experiment class.

3.4 Research Instrument

In this research, the researcher used a test method as the instrument. Test is a set

of questions or other practices or devices used to measure the skill, intelligence,

ability and talent of an individual or a group. Here the test to measure of student‟s

vocabulary mastery before and after the treatment.


3.4.1 Test

Test is the most appropriate instrument for collecting data in this research. Here

the researcher use test to measure how far the differ of study vocabulary through

News video from VOA English program before and after the test to the both of

the class (experimental and control class). The test is multiple choice there are

consist 20 items, each items consist of four options (a,b,c and d). The time

allocation is 45 minutes. This test The researcher use the written test. So the

instrument of this research is the list of questions which should be answered by

students.

This instrument is used for pretest and posttest is given to know how far the

vocabulary achievement of the students. It has been done implemented the

treatment. Then the reseracher would find out whether is an improve the result

between the pretest and posttest. The test (pretest and posttest) consisit of 20

multiple choice questions with four options (a,b,c and d), and the scoring pretest

and posttes are same.

Table 3.4 Table of specification of instrument vocabulary mastery

Subject : News Item text

Class : XI IPA 1

Standard competence :Listening 2. Understanding meaning in short functioanal

text and simple monoloque text in recount, narrative and news item text.


No Base Competence Indicator Aspect

Item

Kind of test Item

1 Responding the

meaning in short

monologue text by

using spoken

language accurately,

fluently, and

acceptablein daily live

context in recount,

narrative and news

item text.

Identifying

meaning of

the news

based on the

video and

text.

Responding

meaningof the

news based on

the video and

text.

Listening

and

reading

Written test

1-20

3.5 Validity and Reliability

3.5.1 Validity

A test is said to be valid if it measures what it is supposed to be measured (Allen

&Yen, 1979: 95) in addition Sugiyono (2010:128) states that “A measurement can

be said has validity, when the content of the measurement is eligible to measure

an object which should be measured and suitable with the fixed criteria. Validity

means an accuracy of a measurement in measuring data.

In this research, there are two kinds of validity, namely content validity and

construct validity (Sugiyono, 2011 :177).


According to Gay (1990,129) that there are several different types of validity:

content, construct, concurrent and predictive. Content validity is the degree to

which a test measures an intended content area. Construct validity is the degree to

which a test measures an intended hypothical construct. Concurrent validity is

degree to which the scores and a test are related to the score on another, already

established, test administered at the same time, or to some other valid criterion

available at the same time. Predictive validity is the degree to which a test can

predict how well on individual will do in a future situation.

Based on the statement above, the test should really be suitable for the object that

interested to be measured. In this case, the researcher used “content validity” to

know whether the test is valid or not. As Gay (1990,129) states that is the degree

to which a test measures an intended content area. Content validity was

determined by expert validition. Usually the experts‟ area covered by the test is

asked to assess its content validity. These experts carefully review the process

used in developing concerning how well items represent the intended content area.

This judgment was based on whether all sub areas have been included, and in the

correct proportions. To know the validity of the test the researcher face to the

English teacher in using media on students‟ vocabulary mastery and the teacher

agreeing for the instrument. The instrument get validation from the expert

vocabular lectures of university of muhamadiyah Metro, namely Mr. Edi Santoso.

S.Pd,. M.Pd and Mrs. Eva Faliyanti, S.Pd,.M.Pd.BI


3.5.2 Reliability

Reliability is measure of accuracy, consistency, dependability, or fairness of

scores resulting from administration of particular examination. To ensure the

reliability of the scores and to avoid the subjectivity of the writer, the research

used split-half method. That is odd and even technique. Odd and even technique is

divided the items into two parts. To have the reliability of the test, this research

will be used rank order correlation.

The formula is:

Note:

rxy : Correlation between x and y

: Total x time y

X2 : Deviasi x

Y2 : Deviasi y

(Arikunto2011: 70)

3.6 Data Collecting Technique

In collecting the data the researcher used test, there the test is conducted two

times, they were pretest and posttest. Both of experimet and control were tested in

the same day. To keep away from the low internal validity and go gain result that

is more objective, the scoring of the pretest and posttest were done by all the

students that separated with others students about one meter per chairs. They


watch the News Video from VOA english program and crosscheck the multiple

choice based on the questions are given.

3.6.1 Pretest

This step was done before presenting the know how far students‟ vocabulary

mastery firstly. They were 20 item vocabulary of questions with four multiple

choice a, b, c and d which were tested to both experimental and control group.

Every word gave score from zero point to five points based on the criteria of

system scoring below. So, if the students do the whole test correctly, they would

get 100 points before doing the test. The researcher explained the direction before

he test held to the students and also asked the teacher to be supervisor. The duty

of supervisor is to observe the process of the pretest to keep the conduciveness of

the class atmosphere during the pretest.

3.6.2 Treatment

In the research showed that when teachers introduced films, relating them to

learning objectives, the amount of information students gained from films

increased (Wittich & Fowlkes, 1946).

After the first step has been done, the next step is treatment. The function of

treatment is giving the students some information about everything is needed, in

this research focused on vocabulary mastery. So, the students learn how to get and

memorize the new vocabularies by using media. The treatment of the research is

given to the experimental group by using Video from VOA English program as


media. After the students have watched the video, the researcher hope that there

are many vocabularies is got by them based on what they watched.

The teaching of using Video from VOA English program as media starts by

explaining the material concern to it. Here The material is News Item text. After

expalining the material and students get the point of it clearly. Then the next step

is show the news on screen and they should pay attention and take a note or

memorize in their mind the new vocabularies based on the video fully.

3.6.3 Post-test

This step was done before presenting to know how far students‟ vocabulary

mastery firstly. They were 20 item vocabulary of questions with four multiple

choice a, b, c and d which were tested to both experimental and control group.

Every word gave score from zero point to five points based on the criteria of

system scoring below. So, if the students do the whole test correctly, they would

get 100 points before doing the test. The researcher explained the direction before

he test held to the students and also asked the teacher to be supervisor. The duty

of supervisor is to observe the process of the posttest to keep the conduciveness of

the class atmosphere during the posttest.

3.7 Data Analysis Technique

Data analysis is the process of organizing the data in order to gain regularly of the

pattern and form the research. The term interpretation can be defined as a

procedure of giving meaning in the result of the analytic process. While data

interpretation is process giving the meaning to the founded pattern and regularities


(Setiyadi, 2006:255). After testing the students and scoring due to the scoring

system “ Zero (0) ”mark for the lowest score and “ Five (5) ” mark for hihghest

score, Then the reseracher combines the two scores from two raters to gain the

final score. The data by using normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis

test. The procedures to treat the data are:

3.7.1 Normality Test

The purpose of normality test is to know distribution of data following

distribution normal or no. Some statistics technique especially parametric statistic

said that the data must follow the normal distribution.

Ha : L-ratio is lower than L-table (the distribution of the data is normal)

Ho : L-ratio is higher than L-table (the distribution of the data is not normal)

3.7.2 Homogeneity Test

Homogeneity test is a measurement used to determine kind of data (Basrowi:

2007). This kind of test is intended to test whether the variance of the data in the

Experiment class and in Control class is equal or not.

Note:

S2 : The larger variance

S1 : The Smaller Variance

The criteria are:


Ha : F-ratio is lower than F-table (the distribution of the data is homogenous)

Ho : F-ratio is higher than F-table (the distribution of the data is not homogenous)

3.7.3 Hypothesis Test

Hypothesis test is calculated using two ways anova. The formula of hypothesis

test:

The t-test formula is as follow:

t-test :

Note :

X1 : Mean score of the experimental class

X2 : Mean score of the control class

S : Variant

N1 : Number students in experimental class

N2 : Number of students in control class

The criteria are:

Ha = Ha is accepted if T_ ratio is equal or higher than t_ table. (The hypothesis

proposed is proved)

Ho = Ho is accepted if t_ ratio is smaller than t_ table. (The hypothesis proposed

is not proved).

(Usman, 1995: 142)


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CURRICULUM VITAE

Saripudin was born in Tugu Ratu Bandar Negri Suoh, West Lampung on

august 16, 1992. He is the Fourth child of 6 children. He was raised by her lovely

parents; Mr. Narman as a farmer and Mrs. Siti Sa‟adah As Housewife.

He graduated from elementary school of MI Nurul Ulum In Srimulyo in and

finished in 2004, junior high school of SMP Nusantara In Srimulyo and finished

in 2007, Senior High School of SMA N 1 Suoh, in Bandar Setia and finished in

2010, and then in 2010 he continued his study in Muhammadiyah University of

Metro and there he takes English Education Study Program until now. Since 2010

He has been a member of KSR UMM and ASES UMM. His personal interest

covers are: music, Design, Writing and news reporter.

the influence of using news from voa english program toward student sarif

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