The Industrial Revolution Spreads

Chapter 6

Section 1

Industrial Revolution Spreads

� Britain was world’s industrial giant during early Industrial Revolution

� Belgium was the first country after Britain to industrialize

� Two new global industrial powers emerged: USA and Germany

� These countries had moreabundant supplies of coal, iron, and other resources than Britain

Industrial Revolution Spreads

� This helped USA and Germany become industrial leaders

� These nations also had the advantage of being able to follow Britain’s lead, borrowing its experts and technology

� The demands of an industrial society generated many social, economic, and political changes

World Map

Belgium

� The first country to industrialize after Britain was Belgium

USA and Germany

Coal and Iron

COAL

IRON

Watch this video

� http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akHXM-yYX_Y&playnext=1&list=PL57A1F22E881CF69C&feature=results_video

New Technologies

� Technology sparked industrial and economic growth

� Henry Bessemer patented the process for making steel from iron

� Steel became so important that industrialized countries measured their success in steel output

� Alfred Nobel earned enough money from his invention of dynamite to fund today’s Nobel prizes

� Electricity replaced steam as the dominant energy source

� Michael Faraday created the first simple electric motor as well as the first dynamo (simple electric generator)

Kaboom!!!

Dynamo

New Technologies

� In the 1870s, Thomas Edisonmade the first electric light bulb

� Soon, electricity lit entire cities, the pace of city life quickened, and factories continued to operate after dark

� Interchangeable parts and the assembly line made production faster and cheaper

“You light up my life…”

Thomas Alva Edison

"Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration." - Thomas Alva Edison,

Transportation Improvements

� Steamships replaced sailing ships

� Railroads connected cities, seaports, and industrial centers

� Invention of the internal combustion engine sparked the automobile age

� In the early 1900s, Henry Ford developed an assembly line to produce cars, making the United States a leader in the automobile industry

� The assembly line made the cost of goods cheaper.

Transportation Improvements

Automobile Assembly Line – then and now

Installed by human labor Installed by robots

Orville and Wilbur Wright

�Air age began when Orville and Wilbur Wrightflew their plane for a few seconds in 1904 at Kitty Hawk, N.C.

Communication

� Guglielmo Marconi’s radio became the cornerstone of today’s global communication network

� Telegraph and telephone invented

Top 30 Inventions – watch this video

� http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fh9JMrCzcf4&feature=related

Capital Investment

� New technologies needed investments of large amounts of money

� To get the money, owners sold stock (shares of companies) to investors, growing businesses into giant corporations

� By the late 1800s, what we call “big business” came to dominate various industries

� Corporations formed cartels (a combination of business firms to control world markets and fix prices) to control markets

Powerpoint Questions (15 points)

1. What was the first European country outside of Britain to industrialize?

2. After Britain, what two powerful countries industrialized? (2 points)

3. What two resources did the above two countries have in greater abundance than Britain? (2 points)

4. What was Henry Bessemer’s contribution to industrialization?

5. Two new types of transportation developed around 1900 were _______ and _________.

Powerpoint Questions

6. What was the main purpose why companies sold stock?

7. With what industry was John D. Rockefeller associated?

8. For what is Thomas Edison best known in history?

9. What is a corporation?

10. The fortune _____ made from his invention of dynamite funded prizes that are still awarded today.

11. Who invented the first simple electric motor and dynamo?

12. What effect did the assembly line have on the cost of goods?