UNIT 8CHAPTER 25 – THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

CHAPTER 25The Industrial Revolution, 1700 –1900 The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to

other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society.

Rail locomotives began connecting U.S. cities in the 1840s, enabling transport of goods between factories, cities, and ports.

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

The Beginnings of Industrialization

CASE STUDY: Industrialization Industrialization Spreads

Reforming the Industrial World

OBJECTIVES◦CORE OBJECTIVE: Trace key events of the Industrial Revolution and analyze how these affected economics and politics.

◦Objective 8.2: Identify the social and economic effects of industrialization.

◦Objective 8.3: Identify the effects of industrialization on the rest of the world.

◦Objective 8.4: Explain the origins and main concepts of socialism, Marxism, and other 1800s reform movements.

CHAPTER 25 SECTION 2

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

The factory system changes the way people

live and work, introducing a variety of problems.

EXPLAIN WHAT IS HAPPENING AND WHY.

INDUSTRIALIZATION CHANGES LIFE◦Factory Work◦Factories pay more than farms,

spur demand for more expensive goods

◦Industrial Cities Rise◦Urbanization —

Industrialization leads to city-building and movement of people to cities

◦Growing population provides work force, market for factory goods

◦British industrial cities: London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool

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URBAN CONDITIONS

◦Living Conditions◦Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums◦Life span in one large city is only 17 years◦Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes ◦Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes, building codes◦Cities also without adequate housing, education, police protection

◦Working Conditions◦Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round◦Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers◦Many coal miners killed by coal dust

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CLASS TENSIONS GROW◦The Middle Class◦Middle class — skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers,

professionals with comfortable standard of living◦Emerging middle class looked down on by landowners,

aristocrats

◦The Working Class◦Laborers’ lives not improved; some laborers replaced by

machines◦Luddites, other groups destroy machinery that puts them out

of work◦Unemployment a serious problem; unemployed workers riot

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POSITIVE EFFECTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION◦Immediate Benefits◦Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological

progress◦Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing

improve◦Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and

conditions

◦Long-Term Effects◦Improved living and working conditions still evident today◦Governments use increased tax revenues for urban

improvements

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WHAT DO YOU SEE?◦Who is the worker?

◦What are the dangers?

THE MILLS OF MANCHESTER◦Manchester and the Industrial

Revolution◦ Manchester has labor, water power, nearby port at

Liverpool

◦ Poor live and work in unhealthy, even dangerous, environment

◦ Business owners make profits by risking their own money on factories

◦ Eventually, working class sees its standard of living rise some

◦Children in Manchester Factories◦Children as young as 6 work in factories;

many are injured◦1819 Factory Act restricts working age,

hours◦Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river◦Nonetheless, Manchester produces

consumer goods and creates wealth

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VICTORIAN WORK SONG

◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF_U4VGl1Jk

INDUSTRIALIZATION — AssessmentWho were the Luddites?

(A) Factory workers that destroyed machinery that put them out of work

(B) Children who suffered working in industrial factories(C) Middle class workers with a comfortable standard of living(D) Social workers who tried to improve the lives of city factory

workers

What are some of the negative urban consequences of industrialization?

(A) The increase of political corruption in city government(B) The loss of individual freedoms and rights(C) Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes and sickness is

widespread(D) The increase of land and wages of the middle class

INDUSTRIALIZATION — AssessmentWho were the Luddites?

(A) Factory workers that destroyed machinery that put them out of work

(B) Children who suffered working in industrial factories(C) Middle class workers with a comfortable standard of living(D) Social workers who tried to improve the lives of city factory

workers

What are some of the negative urban consequences of industrialization?

(A) The increase of political corruption in city government(B) The loss of individual freedoms and rights(C) Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes and

sickness is widespread(D) The increase of land and wages of the middle class

Vocabulary AssessmentUrbanization is the

(A) Process of work in a society being done by machines(B) Immigration from one country to another(C) Business growth through new inventions(D) Movement of people to cities

A stock is(A) A large business run by people who are not personally

responsible for any losses(B) A right of ownership in a company(C) A sale of a large business for profit(D) Large pieces of industrial equipment sold at a profit

Vocabulary AssessmentUrbanization is the

(A) Process of work in a society being done by machines(B) Immigration from one country to another(C) Business growth through new inventions(D) Movement of people to cities

A stock is(A) A large business run by people who are not personally

responsible for any losses(B) A right of ownership in a company(C) A sale of a large business for profit(D) Large pieces of industrial equipment sold at a profit