The Industrial Revolution1750-1914

The Turning Point in World History…why?

Hans Rosling’s 200 Countries 200 Years 4 minutes

Objectives:

1. Where did the Industrial Revolution start? Why?

2. Society pre and post Industrialization

3. Major innovations/inventors of the I.R.

4. Effects of and Responses to Industrialization

What was the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes took place in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation.

Pre-Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution

• Domestic• Small Towns • Cottage Industry• Hand crafted• Learn through apprenticeship• Self-employed• Own personal machines• Trade with locals• Cooperation• Flexibility• Sense of Accomplishment

• Factories• Growth of Cities• Mass Production• Taught needed skills on the factory

floor [bulk unskilled]• Employed by business• Technological innovations make

machines expensive• Monotonous work of a single aspect of

the good• Competition • Isolation• Bad work conditions • Environmental pollution• Dissatisfaction of working class with

working conditions

Where did the Industrial Revolution first take place?

Great Britain

Why Great Britain?

a) Abundance of Natural Resources Major cities spring up near iron deposits & coal fields

b) Waterways Being an island, there is more coast line to access for trading &

many rivers/lakes to use as a power source

c) Colonial Empire Colonies supply cheap resources (cotton) Colonies supply G.B. with a market to buy the goods produced.

d) Government Support Relatively peaceful, not in turmoil Lift restrictions on trade allowing manufacturers & merchants

the opportunity to make high profits.

Textile Industry Revolutions:

Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Removed the seeds and other

unwanted materials

James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny Machine can do the work of 16

people

The Cotton gin unfortunately increased the demand for slave labor on American plantations.

New Innovations…

James Watt

improved the STEAM ENGINE to make it run 4x faster on the same amount of coal.

Innovations

Henry Bessemer Created a process to make steel cheaper to produce, stronger, & easier to work with.

•Process involved blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn out excess carbon and impurities

Effects of Industrialization…

1. Population Explosion & Growth of Cities- medical discoveries & public sanitation

-Edward Jenner- smallpox vaccination -Louis Pasteur- discovered bacteria

- housing/tenements & standard of living

2. Factories and Mines-Harsh working conditions -Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor. -Child labor especially kept costs of production low and profits high.-Owners exercised considerable control over the lives of their

laborers.

3. Increased competition among industrialized nations for raw materials and markets in the world which led to IMPERIALISM.

Responses to the Impact of the Industrial Revolution

#1

Demands for change in Great Britain

• Worker riots lead to Parliament investigation of factory conditions

• Journalists describe & authors write about appalling life of a factory worker

• Leads to worker reforms for children in 1833 & 1842

#2Social Effects

a. Rise of Labor Unions-Demand for better $, hours, conditions. Organized strikes. Wanted collective bargaining.Met with opposition from Businesses/ Employers … Why?

b Expansion of Educationc. Women’s increase demands for

suffrage (right to vote).d. Reforms to end child labor

#3

Improvements

for Workers

• Employers realized productivity dependent on attitude of workers.

• Better conditions

• Factory Codes= minimum standards for safety & sanitation

• Beginning of Insurance Funds= help support workers who can’t work due to illnesses or injury

Imperialism as a Response to Industrialization

#4• Need for more raw materials (natural resources)• Need to open new markets in which to sell products of

industrialization

OTHER Reasons for Imperialism (not just Industrial reasons)

• Political• Economic (this one is the link to Industrialization)• Religious• Exploratory• Ideology

Where else does industrialism take hold following England?

• Belgium

• Germany

• Northern France

• United States

• Russia

• Japan

Where are the “newly industrialized” countries (NICs)?

• China• India• South Africa• Mexico• Turkey

Why didn’t industrialization happen here first?

Mapping the Major Ideas

• How did the Industrial Revolution change the world?

• Read material silently, marking changes

• In a group, create a web that depicts these changes with a short phrase and image for each (detailed but concise!)

Global Industrialization

• Bridging World History

• Video and Questions

• Additional activities (PDF)