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Jacques Coulardeau, Ivan Eve &Serban V. Enache at Amazon (65)

THE INDIAN OCEAN FROM ADMIRALZHENG HE

TO HUB AND SPOKE CONTAINERMARITIME COMMERCE

Dr Jacques COULARDEAU& Ivan Eve

Our final and main objective is to consider the emergence of theIndian Ocean as the center of 21st century maritime containercommerce with Sri Lanka as the hub and Africa becoming anessential vector.

We will concentrate on the modern period, the macro-geographicdata and situations in and around the Indian Ocean and on oneparticular aspect: the development of the hub-and-spoke model forthe network of maritime connections in, around and beyond theIndian Ocean as for container commerce.

We will insist on the hub itself, Sri Lanka, which is presentlychanging rapidly; on some of the various harbors around the IndianOcean and their goods transportation inland networks, essentiallyrailroads and highways; the projects in that field, particularly theNew Silk Road of the Chinese; the bottlenecks of the Suez Canaland the Straight of Malacca; and the dead end of the Persian Gulf,except as the starting point of a hinterland network that will developwhen the wars and insecurity there are stabilized.

We will envisage the various routes beyond and the finaldestinations. We will only mention the railroad connection betweenAsia and Europe using the trans-Siberian railroad and beyond to

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Hamburg and Madrid as a competing alternative. We will alsoeventually show how backward in that field of container maritimecommerce the USA are, backward as compared to the world andabsent from the Indian Ocean and the China Seas as an actor inthat container maritime commerce.

We will then move to the various organizations that have directinterests in the development of this hub and spoke network ofmaritime connections and routes in the Indian Ocean. But this willlead to the security problem to manage the movements of the ships(to avoid flags of convenience) and the various trafficking activitiesthat are to be contained (human trafficking; smuggling weapons,military equipment and various goods; and criminal activities of anyother type) with the challenge of who can do it and how. We willthen see clearly the stake attached to the re-emergence of humantrafficking and slavery in this vast area.

This security problem is central due to piracy and trafficking.Digitalized satellite surveillance will have to be set up for the wholeIndian Ocean. What role will the USA and Europe play now the NewSilk Road with the Silk Railway from China to Germany reachedSpain on December 9, 2014, and the maritime Silk Road hasreached Western Europe for some time already? The Chinese aretaking contacts in Afghanistan to open, after the departure of theAmericans, the link between Kazakhstan and Gwadar harbor,Pakistan. China Harbor Engineering Company Ltd and otherChinese companies are involved in harbor equipment and railroaddevelopment all around the Indian Ocean.

Our general hypothesis is that the present evolution is therefoundation of what existed up to 1433 and the Indian Ocean isbecoming again the center of the world’s maritime commerce, underthe strong pioneering leadership of the Chinese so far

File Size: 4511 KBPrint Length: 269 pagesSimultaneous Device Usage: Unlimited

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Publisher: Editions La Dondaine; 1 edition (January 21, 2016)Publication Date: January 21, 2016Sold by: Amazon Digital Services, Inc.Language: EnglishASIN: B01AY2H0JCText-to-Speech: Enabled Word Wise: Enabled

Kindle Edition$4.99 Auto-delivered wirelesslyFormat KindleEUR 4,58 Disponible pour le téléchargementmaintenant, Les abonnés peuvent emprunter ce titre

TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgmentsCredits for Cover pictures (Left to right; top to bottom)

INTRODUCTION

Preliminaries: Slavery Trade as a background of the modern Indian OceanA./ Ronald Segal, Islam’s Black Slaves, The Other Diaspora, Farrar,Strauss & Giroux, New York, 2001

1- Before Islam2- The origin of slavery, a hypothesis3- For a real historical perspective4- Women-oriented slavery5- The Catholic Church6- European slaves7- Historical evolution8- Human cost9- The end of slavery10- A never-ending battle

B./Post Traumatic Slave/Slavery Syndrome/DisorderI./ Post Traumatic Slavery DisorderII./ Post Traumatic Slave SyndromeConclusion

C./ Murray Gordon, Slavery in the Arab world, 1987–1989D./ Jacques Heers, Slave-Traders in Islamic countries, 7th-16th centuries

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E./ Solomon Northup, Twelve Years A Slave, 1853The other side of LouisianaThe peculiar institutionSlavery as a traumaSurvival and African heritage

F./ Steve McQueen, Benedict Cumberbatch, Brad Pitt, Lupita Nyong’o, 12Years A Slave, 2013

First Part: Indian Ocean: The roots of today’s modern developmenta) From prehistory to proto-historyb) The arrival of Buddhism from Indiac) The economic and maritime development of Sri Lankad) King Kasyapa I (ca. 477-495) and Sigiriyae) Zheng He and the 15th centuryf) Western Colonization

Second Part: The strategic position of the Indian Ocean and Sri Lanka.

Third Part: Hub-and-spoke system and container liner transport.A./ The conceptB./ AfricaC./ Hong KongD./ Singapore

Fourth Part: The state of development of the industryA./ General perspectiveB./ Exports and TourismC./ Servicification

Fifth Part: Sri Lanka and IndiaA./ ColomboB-a./ HambantotaB-b./ Hambantota’s OutlookC./ TrincomaleeD./ GalleE./ Development of Oluvil PortF./ India, Mumbai and KolkataConclusion on India

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Sixth Part: Security, management, space and cyberspace

Conclusion

Supplementary Bibliography

NOTES

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The Indian Ocean from Admiral Zheng He tohub and spoke container maritime commerce

by Jacques Coulardeau and Ivan EveKindle Edition, Amazon, ASIN: B01AY2H0JC

A Review by Șerban V.C. Enache1

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This book tackles the New Silk Road from a number ofdifferent perspectives, historical, social, economic, and from thestandpoint of geopolitics. The reader is given a backgroundregarding the Old Silk Road – its human cost and the socio-economic implications in the present, typified by what is called Post-Traumatic Slavery Disorder and Post-Traumatic Slave Syndrome.

We learn about the 13 centuries of slave trading done by theMuslim powers, and of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, which lasted300 years, but produced approximately the same number of1 Serban Enache has an MA in Journalism and a vocational BA in construction materialsfrom the Hyperion University in Bucharest, Romania.2 Cover of the Kindle e-book

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casualties. We learn about slavery in India and about theslave-trade in the Indian Ocean. That it had existed since probablythe emergence of agriculture, something like 12,000 years ago.Slavery existed in America before the arrival of Europeans. And thebook concludes that slavery was and still is a global or universalphenomenon. Religious motivations for slavery are also highlighted,alongside the changes in thought and values, from Judaism toIslam, and of course, Christianity.

It’s always a pleasure to read an objective take, no matterhow brief, on slavery. Because there are myths flowing around outthere, which claim that slavery and the slave trade are purely aninvention of “the white man”. And these two evils are not only aninvention of secular institutions and practices, but they are alsoenshrined in mythology, dogma, religion. To sum it up in ahumorous expression, treat thy neighbor as thyself if he’s not aforeigner or a heathen. But if he is, then kill the bastard or take himin thralldom.

I wholeheartedly agree on how the authors tackle the issuesof Post-Traumatic Slavery Disorder and Post-Traumatic SlaveSyndrome. They insist on a process of proper information and opendialog. And they emphasize the requirement of meritocracy. If weare to have true equality and meritocracy, then the rise and fall ofindividuals within the hierarchical system of any civilized societymust occur based on their own merits, not based on favor orprejudice. Any system or policy that’s designed to ignore a merit-based argument in favor of a non-merit-based argument can only beof a discriminatory nature. One cannot be granted favor withoutsomeone else receiving an injury as a consequence. One is eitheran egalitarian, or one’s not. One either believes people should bejudged based on their own merits, or one believes that they shouldbe judged based on favor or prejudice. Like the authors, I countmyself among the former.

There is also a worrisome phenomenon occurring,particularly in the USA, in which unpopular speech is beingcensored, not only by right wing reactionaries, but by left wing

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progressives as well. The latter are called mockingly as “regressiveleftists” or “the regressive left”. I will quote the Thomas JeffersonCenter on this issue.3

An epidemic of anti-speech activity swept across thecampuses of American colleges and universities in 2015 andshows little sign of abating in 2016. Not long ago, these sameinstitutions were at the vanguard of First Amendment issues;students demanded—then made powerful use of—expandedspeech rights on campus, and administrators held academicfreedom sacrosanct. These positions reflected a sharedunderstanding that intellectual inquiry requires anenvironment in which debate is uninhibited, robust, and wide-open, even if it occasionally results in unpleasant or offensiveexchanges.

Today, however, the focus seems to be on limitingrather than promoting the open exchange of ideas. Studentswho once protested to have their voices heard now seek tosilence those they disagree with or find threatening.Meanwhile, university administrators appear locked in acompetition to determine which school will take the tougheststand against offensive, unpopular, and hurtful speech. FirstAmendment principles have given way to identity politics,trigger warnings, and so-called “safe spaces,” and the FreeSpeech Movement has, at many colleges, become the Anti-Speech Movement.

Since 1992, the Thomas Jefferson Center hasawarded Jefferson Muzzles to those individuals andinstitutions responsible for the more egregious or ridiculousaffronts to free speech during the preceding year. Our usualpractice has been to select eight to twelve recipients eachyear, reflecting the unfortunate reality that threats to freeexpression regularly occur at all levels of government. Thisyear, however, we were compelled to take a differentapproach.

Never in our 25 years of awarding the JeffersonMuzzles have we observed such an alarming concentrationof anti-speech activity as we saw last year on college

3 http://jeffersonmuzzles.org/complete-list/9

campuses across the country. We are therefore awardingJefferson Muzzles to the 50 colleges and universitiesdiscussed [...] both as an admonishment for the acts alreadydone and a reminder that it is not too late to change course.

Afterwards, the book presents the Old Silk Road proper, theancient network of trade routes that were central to economic andcultural interactions among different regions of Asia, connecting theWest and East from China to the Mediterranean Sea. The religiousimplications associated with the various countries and tradeinterests are also approached (Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam).

We learn from that ancient epoch and we’re moved to the15th century, to Admiral Zheng He, his great fleet of merchant ships– and the reader learns of his visits to foreign lands. Most notably,his repeated journeys into India, Africa, and Arabia.

Past that point, the book moves the reader into the presentand reveals great information regarding planned investments in newport infrastructure and upgrades, new trade routes, cross-judicialand economic cooperation between countries for safety anddevelopment. Figures regarding freight capacity and throughput aregiven for some key trade nodes in China, Africa, Singapore, HongKong, Dubai, and South Korea.

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The authors make important observations, especiallyregarding China. This nation isn’t placing its eggs in the samebasket. The Chinese are preparing different scenarios. China isopen to the Indian Ocean. In maritime trade, it’s investing in the portof Colombo and in Hambantota. It is developing the hub-and-spokemodel; but China is also developing alternatives to it. To reachAmerica, the railroad option via the Behring Strait. To reach Europe,via the Arctic approach and westward along its ancient route – bylinking virtually the whole of Europe through railways, down toSpain.

I’d like to add that there are many ideas on the table, ready tobe carried out with Chinese help. For instance, a second PanamaCanal in Nicaragua, to connect the Pacific and the Caribbean (albeitvoices of skepticism and dissent haunt this proposal).44 The Brazil-Peru transcontinental railroad – a massive undertaking meant to linkvia rail the Atlantic coast and the Pacific coast, and thus openBrazilian exports to Asian markets.5 There are also plans for Chinato create an alternative transcontinental route from Brazil, throughBolivia and Peru.6

Deals between India and China are also underway.Collaboration on atomic science, especially regarding the thorium-based nuclear reactor and the Chinese pebble-bed solid fuel100Mw demonstration reactor.7 It’s also important to note thatatomic power still remains an important outlet of investment andenergy generation with near zero CO2 emissions, particularly whenlooking at 2 billion souls seeking to attain western living standards.India holds around 25% of the world’s major thorium reserves, and itis actively developing the thorium fuel cycle.88

4 Michael D. McDonald, Bloomberg, 2015 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-19/china-s-building-a-huge-canal-in-nicaragua-but-we-couldn-t-it4 Lily Kuo, Quartz, 2015 http://qz.com/430090/why-is-a-chinese-tycoon-building-a-50-billion-canal-in-nicaragua-that-no-one-wants/5 Brianna Lee, International Business Times, 2015 http://www.ibtimes.com/china-brazil-peru-eye-transcontinental-railway-megaproject-19300036 China Daily, 2015 http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2015-06/17/content_21031116.htm7 Fiona MacDonald, Science Alert, 2016 http://www.sciencealert.com/china-says-it-ll-have-a-meltdown-proof-nuclear-reactor-ready-by-next-year8 Stratfor, 2016 https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/gauging-indias-nuclear-power-potential8 BBC News, 2006 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6219998.stm

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Coulardeau and Eve take special note of India and Sri Lanka,and do not dismiss them from the greater scheme in the wake ofsuch big projects like the Trans-Pacific Partnership deal – which, forpolitical reasons that the authors identify, are left outside by themain geopolitical power. We’re referring of course to the USA.

Globalization is a multi-door street, but some doors arebigger and wider than others. Such free trade agreements can onlypush for lower sovereignty at the regional and national level, enforcestrict intellectual property laws, and diminish the collectivebargaining power of labor. Supposedly, consumers and firms arethe ones who profit from such deals – but history shows that’s notreally the case everywhere all the time. Otherwise protectionismwould not have resurged in the West. And Britain would not havepracticed protectionism to grow its own industries first, beforeprojecting the comparative advantage doctrine (whilst ignoringabsolute advantage) upon others through threat of violence andoutright war.9 I am, of course, referring to the British Empire’sbloody tally in imperialism and colonialism. The exploitation ofIndia’s people and the artificially-induced famines, and the Opium-wars with China leap to mind.

The so-called race to the bottom is a true phenomenon. Itmanifests itself when governments of signatory countries (pacts offree trade or ‘fiscal responsibility’) implement policies meant to keepdomestic purchasing power lower & living standards low, in thehope of gaining market share for their export-oriented enterprises.These countries are thus deliberately keeping their domestic levelsof Aggregate Demand low, and they rely on imports of AggregateDemand from abroad in order to keep their economies working(albeit with considerable unused capacity to spare).10 AggregateDemand means income plus the change in private debt.11 Privatedebt inflation adds to Aggregate Demand – it translates into more9 John M. Legge, 2016 http://www.johnmlegge.com/blog/comparative-versus-competitive-advantage/10 Warren Mosler, 2011 http://moslereconomics.com/2011/11/03/the-euro-zone-race-to-the-bottom/11 Steve Keen, 2012 http://www.debtdeflation.com/blogs/2012/01/28/economics-in-the-age-of-deleveraging/

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spending, more sales, more income. While private debt deflation(what much of the world is experiencing after the Great FinancialCrisis of 2008) decreases Aggregate Demand – it translates intoless spending, fewer sales, less income. Accounting-wise, every netexporter of goods and services is a net importer of AggregateDemand and vice-versa. Spending is income. Debt is equity. Allgovernment debt in the world represents world-wide private sectorfinancial savings (equity).1212

Issues of flags of convenience are explored in the book,alongside those of safety. Ships and harbors require protection.Merchandise requires tracking. Elements of corruption,bureaucracy, and the relationship between capital and labor mustnot endanger the flow of goods and services, or add undesired andunnecessary costs to it. The authors state that what’s required fortrue security is the existence of an international agency, withsatellite monitoring capabilities, and with the legal mandate andmilitary means to combat terrorism, human trafficking, drugsmuggling, and illegal weapons trade. Whether one is personally infavor of globalization or not, the soundness of the above propositionis indisputable.

I believe the many countries involved in the New Silk Roadmust follow the two principles behind the Peace of Westphalia of12 Steve Keen, Private Debt Project, 2016 http://www.privatedebtproject.org/view-articles.php?Are-We-Facing-a-Global-Lost-Decade-1412 Bill Mitchell, 2015 http://bilbo.economicoutlook.net/blog/?p=32396

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1648, which ended successfully 150 years of religious war andestablished the notion of co-existing sovereign states; peacebetween them being reached through diplomatic congress.13 Thefirst tenet said that for the sake of peace, the crimes of all sidesmust be forgotten. While the second tenet maintained that foreignpolicy must be carried out with the “interest of the other” in mind.What relevance do these Westphalian principles have on ourpresent imperfectly globalized world? It is geopolitics that makes orbreaks progress. That makes or breaks nations. That promotes warand strife, or peace and development. And it is precisely this lack ofWestphalian sovereignty among nation states today, as well as thedesire to severely outsource national and local sovereignty to super-state bureaucracies, that endangers the peaceful process ofglobalization – and turns it into a deliberate phenomenon ofexploitation carried out by financial interests for the interest offinancial elites, rather than for the shared benefit of countries as awhole.

John Maynard Keynes said that the unregulated movementof international capital endangers that self-governing experiment wecall democracy.14 How prophetic his words were, especially if welook at the wealthiest and strongest nation on earth – at the extremeincome inequality in the US today, which resembles not a capitalisteconomy, but a feudal economy.15

In short, if households are doing well, then so are the firms.GDP growth not seen in wage growth appears in profit growth.16 Asan adept of Chartalism17, I can tell you that macro fiscal policy ismore important to public purpose than trade. Whether a country ispracticing free trade or protectionism, so long as it has monetarysovereignty (so long as the national government spends and taxesin its own free-floating nonconvertible fiat currency) it can do away13 New World Encyclopedia, 2015http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Peace_of_Westphalia14 Noam Chomsky, Hegemony or Survival, page 13815 Laura Tyson, The Huffington Post, 2015 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/laura-tyson/us-income-inequality-costs_b_6249904.html16 Anna Louie Sussman, The Wall Street Journal, 2015http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2015/09/08/inside-the-fight-over-productivity-and-wages/17 Bill Mitchell, 2009 http://bilbo.economicoutlook.net/blog/?p=5402

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with permanent and involuntary unemployment. The currencysovereign faces no solvency risk. He can never miss a payment.18

The real constraints are of a physical nature; unused physicalresources, available labor (people willing and able to work), andknow-how.

Brazen corruption, political instability, and natural disastersare conducive to high inflation or hyperinflation episodes forcountries, alongside fixed exchange rate regimes with strongcurrencies. Inflation is not always everywhere a monetaryphenomenon, like mainstream (orthodox) theory likes to claim.19

The overproduction of money is always a consequence of a crisis ofhyperinflation, never the cause of it. The Weimar Republic had toprint (deficit spend) many figures as % of GDP in order to purchaseforeign currency with which to make war reparation payments. Thatmoney didn’t go to the creation of roads, railways, industries,schools, or hospitals. In Zimbabwe, a favorite example employed byinflation mongers, a number of different factors triggered thehyperinflation episode. First, Mugabe’s failed land reform, whichcrippled agricultural output. And secondly, persistent politicalinstability and brazen corruption and the need to import more foodfrom abroad contributed to the overproduction of money.20

And of course, in all aspects of human society, one cannotignore or reject that great element called geopolitics. When powerfulinterests converge, either deliberately or through randomopportunity/chance, the weaker party incurs the terms of thestronger ones.

I would recommend this title to any investor or public servantthat is looking to familiarize himself or herself with the historicalrealities of the Old Silk Road, and with the challenges posed by theNew Silk Road in proper context. People seeking to invest in the18 Brett W. Fawley, Luciana Juvenal, St Louis Fed, 2011https://www.stlouisfed.org/Publications/Regional-Economist/October-2011/Why-Health-Care-Matters-and-the-Current-Debt-Does-Not19 Antonella Tutino, Carlos E. Zarazaga, Fed In Print, 2014https://www.fedinprint.org/items/feddel/00008.html20 Edward Harrison, Naked Capitalism, 2010http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2010/05/mmt-fear-of-hyperinflation.html

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New Silk Road – either in a specific supply chain, in a particulartechnology, service, or financial institution – must realize thecomplexity of this trans-national region and the many competinggeopolitical and economic interests within it. Public servants, thoseplaced in key government agencies that hold important positions,must also study carefully this tapestry of interests, challenges, andmust weigh all the potential consequences (both positive andnegative), if they are to draw up pertinent national policies that takeinto account not only the interests of wealthy lobbying parties, butalso the interests of the common citizens and their naturalenvironment.2121 TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgmentsCredits for Cover pictures (Left to right; top to bottom)INTRODUCTIONPreliminaries: Slavery Trade as a background of the modern Indian Ocean

A./ Ronald Segal, Islam’s Black Slaves, The Other Diaspora, Farrar, Strauss & Giroux,New York, 2001

1- Before Islam2- The origin of slavery, a hypothesis3- For a real historical perspective4- Women-oriented slavery5- The Catholic Church6- European slaves7- Historical evolution8- Human cost9- The end of slavery10- A never-ending battle

B./Post Traumatic Slave/Slavery Syndrome/DisorderI./ Post Traumatic Slavery DisorderII./ Post Traumatic Slave SyndromeConclusion

C./ Murray Gordon, Slavery in the Arab world, 1987–1989D./ Jacques Heers, Slave-Traders in Islamic countries, 7th-16th centuriesE./ Solomon Northup, Twelve Years A Slave, 1853

The other side of LouisianaThe peculiar institutionSlavery as a traumaSurvival and African heritage

F./ Steve McQueen, Benedict Cumberbatch, Brad Pitt, Lupita Nyong’o, 12 Years ASlave, 2013

First Part: Indian Ocean: The roots of today’s modern developmenta) From prehistory to proto-historyb) The arrival of Buddhism from Indiac) The economic and maritime development of Sri Lankad) King Kasyapa I (ca. 477-495) and Sigiriyae) Zheng He and the 15th centuryf) Western Colonization

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Education:

Grades V to VIII at the High School of Plastic Arts Nicolae Tonitza.Grades IX to XIII (completion year) at the High School of Arts and Crafts DimitriePaciurea.Hyperion University of Bucharest 2009-2012. Majored in journalism.

Abilities and qualifications:Licensed (MA) in journalism.Technician (BA) in construction materials, and certified in the process of Portlandcement fabrication.Hyperion University of Bucharest, Contacts in Economics - Department ofManagement.Certified participation in the Students Communication Session "Management

during times of crisis." Presentation: 'Something about the roots of thecrisis and a little bit of physical economy'.

Advanced fluent English skills, both written and spoken.Heterodox economics thinker, I support the Modern Monetary Theory.I love social-media (those that are not vanity inclined), connecting with peoplefrom all walks of life.I have been playing videogames since I was a toddler, and I have enjoyed playingthem to this day.I can analyze whatever matter I'm provided with and I can produce useful

feedback which will improve the product/service.

Professional Experience:2 years as moderator & writer at HYP Bucuresti Student Media SRL.Research and writing in order to produce pertinent articles on the economy (the

financial crisis of the Trans-Atlantic system, political and economicproblems within the EU and the Eurozone, causes and effects).

Independent writer of fiction, author of An Empire Of Traitors, A Heretical Divide,

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Surname: EnacheFirst Name: SerbanMiddle Names: Valentin ConstantinDate of birth: 25.03.1989, Bucharest, RomaniaEmail address:serbanvcenache@gmail.comAddress: Street Vlaicu Voda, nr13, Building V63, 2nd floor,apartment 10,

sector 3, Bucharest, RomaniaTelephone nr: 0727339814Marital status: UnmarriedTwitter: https://twitter.com/SerbanVCEnache

and Talking Crows.http://www.amazon.com/Serban-Valentin-Constantin-Enache/e/B00N2SJD6O/

Personal Biographical Note

I don't consider myself as being part of the West (at least not the contemporaryWest).

I kind of consider Zimbabwe as on my horizon, which has several foreigncurrencies as legal tender, and they have a financial system in place withdebit cards and all modes of payment.

I consider myself to be part of the so-called 3rd world.I was slightly foolish to pursue journalism; because the people who appear on

television are supposed to be “political analysts” (most of whom arelawyers) and besides them you have astrologers.

Every different news channel has their home astrologers talking about all kinds ofsubjects. It's absolutely pathetic.

I've worked in small media, even appeared on a couple of shows on an obscurelocal television station before it went belly up (that was volunteer work).

I have met some nice people, only a few, though.The rest of them were superficial and lacked motivation, though they were not

tragic in their want of any visionary inspiration – thus nothing butworthless perambulating material ghosts.

I guess I still have to live in this world and learn what it is all about . . .

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Ivan EVEtelephone : + 33 (0)6 75 39 55 47email : eve_ivan@hotmail.fr24 rue Saint-Joseph, 75002 Paris

Born on 13/05/1991 – 25

Driver’s licence

MULTIDISCIPLINARY BACKGROUND

2014-15: - Master 2 Professionnel  ETHIRES : Ethique appliquée :Responsabilité environnementale et sociale (Université Paris 1Panthéon-Sorbonne)

2012-14: - Master 1 & 2 Cinéma (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)2009-12: - 2 Licences : History and Political Science (Université Paris 1Panthéon-Sorbonne)1995-09: - Primary & secondary education in the Lycées Français in Hanoï(Vietnam) and Vientiane (Laos)

PROFESSIONNAL EXPERIENCES

- Professionals :2015- still: -EVS Conseil/Tactis Innovation Services (TIS) : Journalist – Localtis,Autoroutes de l’information et Territoires2015 (6 months : -Think And Act : Consultant – Missions for CFI, Unifrance, Arte, RégionAlsace & Baden-Württemberg2014-15 (9 months): - ETHIRES’ Advisor : Missions for TOTAL, Private forestryowners2013 (3 months): - COLLECTIF TRIBUDOM – Production Assistant (& Productioncoordinator on short films)March 2014- June 2015: - Contract civil servant, librarian – Ville de Paris

- Research & publications :2015 (November): - Participating in the « International Conference Relationsand Networks in Indian Ocean Writing », Universitat Autònoma de Barcelonapresenting « The Indian Ocean from Admiral Zhen He to hub and spoke containermaritime commerce»2014: - Un Village Français : l’Occupation à l’heure du feuilleton2013: - Le Vietnam, le peuple vietnamien et Oliver Stone2010-2015: - Research assistant to Dr. Jacques Coulardeau

- Co-author of the following articles : «Sri Lanka : from thearrival of Homo Sapiens to the Indian Ocean maritime hub »

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(2011), «Supernatural : Case Chase or Joy Ride » (2012) &"The Indian Ocean from Admiral Zheng He to hub and spokecontainer maritime commerce” publilshed by Editions LaDondaine on Amazon-Kindle platform

LANGUAGES & COMPUTER SKILLS

- English : - Bilingual- Spanish : - High school level- Laotian : - basics

- Formation C2I- Notions on FinalCut Pro ; Good knowledge of library software (VSmart)

PERSONNAL APTITUDES & CENTER OF INTERESTS

- Autonomous and excellent adaptation & self-managing capabilities- Excellent analysis abilities and quick assimilation of knowledge and information- Synthesis, research and writing capabilities

Driven by an insatiable curiosity for the world and its complexity, I enjoy followinga TV series week in week out as much as attending a football game or watchingwildlife. Exploring new countries or discovering new gastronomy sound as goodas a good movie. To analyze and understand the world around me, I jumped feetfirst into humanities and social sciences as a whole. Bur since I don’t like to forgetthings, I try to write as much as I can.

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