the importance of measuring the delivery of services via commercial presence of offshore foreign...

8/6/2019 The Importance of Measuring the Delivery of Services via Commercial Presence of Offshore Foreign Affiliates: Some Case Studies from Australian Business Exp

1/37

I@BE [arhefk ^i~cr Tcrect

Pmc Eg~arpifdc ao Gcitsrefk pmc@cjevcru ao Tcrvedct veiDaggcrdeij ^rctcfdc ao AootmarcOarcekf Iooejeipct< Tagc DitcTps`ect orag Istprijeif BstefcttC}~crecfdc

Lifc @rihc'Bradhgif

Fa& 253Lsju 2>99

Iteif @cvcja~gcfp Bifh Eftpepspc


2/37

Pmc [arhefk î~cr tcrect et i dafpefsipeaf ao pmc oargcrju figc` @etdstteaf î~cr tcrect8pmc fsgbcrefk ao pmc ~i~crt dafpefsc` {epmasp efpcrrs~peaf ar dmifkc& I@BEt {arhefk~i~crt rcojcdp efepeij e`cit af i pa~ed if` irc ~atpc` afjefc oar ètdstteaf& I@BE cfdasrikctrci`crt pa ~atp pmcer daggcfpt af pmc gief ~ikc oar cidm {arhefk ~i~cr -kevcf ef pmcdepipeaf bcja{%& Tagc {arhefk ~i~crt giu `cvcja~ efpa apmcr oargt ao ~sbjedipeaf&

Tskkctpc` depipeaf>'?>>=* Li~if

Pcj< (=9'4'4354'33>>Oi}< (=9'4'4354'33;9SRJ< {{{&i`be&arkC'giej< efoaNi`be&ark

2>99 Iteif @cvcja~gcfp Bifh Eftpepspc


3/37


4/37

I@BE [arhefk î~cr 253 @rihc'Bradhgif

Dafpcfpt

9& @coefefk Tcrvedct &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 92& Gcitsrefk Tcrvedct &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 24& êjap Tsrvcu ao Istprijeif'a{fc` Oergt A~cripefk ef Apmcr Dasfprect &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ?0& Bstefctt Ditc Tpsù C}~crecfdc &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;

0&9 Efpcrfipeafij Jckij Tcrvedct &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;0&2 Efpcrfipeafij Oefifdeij Tcrvedct -Osf`t Gifikcgcfp% &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 240&4 Apmcr Tcrvedct Tcdpart &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2=

3& Dafdjsteaft &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 4>Rcocrcfdct &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 42


5/37


9

9& @COEFEFK TCR_EDCT

Tcrvedct cfdag~ittct i vcru brai` if` èvcrtc rifkc ao idpevepect* bsp pcf` pa bcefpifkebjc if` èooedsjp pa gcitsrc& Ef ept brai`ctp tcftc* pmc tcrvedct tcdpar mit pcf`c`pa bc pmaskmp ao fckipevcjupmip et* tcrvedct efdjs`c ijj cdafaged idpevepu pmip et fap

gefefk* gifsoidpsrefk* ikredsjpsrc* oarctpru* if` oetmefk& Tcrvedct irc kcfcrijju ~aarjusf`crtpaa`* pmcrcoarc* it idpevepect pmip à fap ~ra`sdc pifkebjc pmefkt ar kaa`t&

Pmet fckipevc dafdc~peaf ao tcrvedct et faftcftedij ef ~ridpedc& Gifu tcrvedct idpevepectà* ef oidp* rctsjp ef ~ra`sdpeaf ao i pmefkc&k&* i rctpisrifp gcij* i gavec ar i~sbjetmc` daftsjpifdu rc~arp& Tegejirju* tekfeoedifp tcrvedct tcdpar idpevepect irccgbc``c` {epmef cvcru kaa`t'~ra`sdefk ef`stpru& I garc ~atepevc if` iddsripc`coefepeaf ao tcrvedct et fcc`c` pa oadst ippcfpeaf èrcdpju af tcrvedct idpevepect ef pmcera{f rekmp8 pmet et cttcfpeij eo ~rakrctt et pa bc gi`c ef e`cfpeouefk pmc `revcrt aodag~cpepeaf if` effavipeaf t~cdeoedijju ef tcrvedct if` mcfdc ef `coefefk i tpripcku pamcj~ gccp pmc ~ajedu fcc`t ao idpsij if` ~apcfpeij tcrvedct ~rave`crt&

Pa `ctdrebc {mip tcrvedct irc* ripmcr pmif {mip pmcu irc fap* tagc `coefepeaft oadst afpmc efpifkebejepu ao tcrvedct& Bsp {mejc ijj kaa`t irc pifkebjc* fap ijj tcrvedct ircefpifkebjc* tsdm it rc~ier* prift~arp* ar daftprsdpeaf& Apmcr `coefepeaft ~jidc if cg~mitetaf a{fcrtme~* fapefk pmip tcrvedct ~rave`c pcg~ariru ~attctteaf* ripmcr pmif a{fcrtme~if` pmip ~iugcfpt oar tcrvedct pu~edijju pihc pmc oarg ao rcfpijt ar iddctt occt& Apmcr`coefepeaft ikief* pcf` pa oadst af pmc efpcjjcdpsij ~ra~crpu dafpcfp ao tcrvedct& Cjcgcfptao cidm ao pmctc `coefepeaft irc gerrarc` ef pmc efpcrfipeafijju ikrcc` cdafaged `coefepeafao tcrvedct it tcp asp ef pmc Tutpcg ao Fipeafij Iddasfpt -TFI 2>>=>=* pmcrc irc p{a gilar pu~ct ao tcrvedct* figcju dmifkc'coocdpefktcrvedct -{medm dif i~~ju pa kaa`t ar pa ~ca~jc% if` girkef tcrvedct -{medm dif i~~ju

pa kaa`t if` tcrvedct%& I ocipsrc ao bapm girkef if` dmifkc'coocdpefk tcrvedct et pmippmcu irc fap tc~iripc cfpepect avcr {medm a{fcrtme~ rekmpt dif bc ctpibjetmc`pmcudiffap bc pri`c` tc~iripcju orag pmcer ~ra`sdpeaf& Bu pmc pegc pmcer ~ra`sdpeaf etdag~jcpc`* pmc tcrvedct gstp mivc bccf ~rave`c` pa pmc daftsgcrt& Ef i`èpeaf padmifkc'coocdpefk tcrvedct if` girkef tcrvedct* TFI 2>>= `coefct it tcrvedct i rifkc aohfa{jc`kc'di~psrefk ~ra`sdpt* fapefk pmip pmcu mivc gifu ao pmc tigc dmiridpcretpedtit kaa`t ef pmip a{fcrtme~ rekmpt avcr pmctc ~ra`sdpt dif bc ctpibjetmc` if` pmcu difbc stc` rc~cipc`ju&

Oeksrc 9 tma{t pmc vireast dipckarect ao cdafaged idpevepect `coefc` it tcrvedct ef TFI2>>=& Ep ejjstpripct pmip fcepmcr pifkebejepu far a{fcrtme~ et tsooedecfp pa ètpefksetmtcrvedct orag kaa`t* if` pmip {mejc pmcrc irc tcvcrij sfeouefk pmcgct pmc cdafaged

`coefepeaf ao tcrvedct cfdag~ittct i rifkc ao dag~jc} if` tsbpju èoocrcfp idpevepect&


6/37


2

Oeksrc 9< Dafdc~psij Origc{arh oar @coefefk Tcrvedct

Tasrdc< Sfepc` Fipeaft* pmc Csra~cif Daggetteaf* pmc Arkifetipeaf oar Cdafaged Da'a~cripeaf if`@cvcja~gcfp* pmc Efpcrfipeafij Gafcpiru Osf` if` pmc [arj` Bifh Kras~ 2>>5* Tutpcg ao Fipeafij Iddasfpt*2>>= tcdpeaf ?&9;

2& GCITSREFK TCR_EDCT

Eo `coefefk tcrvedct et dafdc~psijju dag~jedipc`* `cvetefk i~~ra~reipc gcpmaàjakect oarpmc dajjcdpeaf ao fipeafij tcrvedct tpipetpedt mit ~ravc` fa citecr& Ef ~ridpedc* pmc ji|utajspeaf mit bccf ià~pc`8 pmc tcrvedct tcdpar mit teg~ju bccf gcitsrc` it itpriekmpoar{ir` rcte`sij iopcr ijja{efk oar ikredsjpsrc* oetmcrect* oarctpru* gefefk* if`gifsoidpsrefk& Pmc cve`cfp rctsjp ao pmet sf`cr'efvctpgcfp ef pmc dajjcdpeaf ao tcrvedct

tpipetpedt et pmip pmc tcdpar jidht i kaa` tpipetpedij ìpibitc&

Pmc efpifkebejepu ao gifu tcrvedct if` pmc oidp pmip tcrvedct dif dmifkc ef ysijepu if`fipsrc ysepc ri~e`ju irc daftetpcfpju depc` it pmc dmeco rcitaft oar jidh ao ~rakrctt efeg~ravefk gcitsrcgcfp gcpmaàjakect oar tcrvedct& Daftpifp eg~ravcgcfpt efpcdmfajaku i`` pa pmc dag~jc}epu ao dajjcdpefk ìpi af tcrvedct it fc{ tcrvedct irc`cvcja~c` ef ircit tsdm it oefifdc if` daggsfedipeaft& Ep et afju ef pmc jitp `cdi`c*pmip pmctc vireast oidpart mivc bccf rcdakfe|c` it tekfijt ao effavipeaf if` mcfdc


7/37


4

rcjcvifp pa gcitsrct ao ~ra`sdpevepu* lstpeouefk osrpmcr ~sbjed efvctpgcfp pa eg~ravc pmctpipetpedij ìpibitc oar tcrvedct&

Pmet ~i~cr oadstct af tagc ao pmc ~rabjcgt daggafju c}~crecfdc` ef rcjipeaf patpipetpedt rckirèfk efpcrfipeafij pri`c ef tcrvedct& Ep `cijt garcavcr afju {epm ditctpsèct `ri{f orag Istprijeif bstefctt c}~crecfdc* if` rcocrt pa ~ridpedct if`

dajjcdpeaft ao pmc Istprijeif Bsrcis ao Tpipetpedt -IBT%&

Ep gstp bc fapc` rekmp ip pmc asptcp pmip pri`c tpipetpedt* cvcf sf`cr pmc origc{arh ao pmcjipctp Bijifdc ao îugcfpt Gifsij ?pm

@coefefk if` Gcitsrefk Efpcrfipeafij Pri`c ef Tcrvedct

cèpeaf -B^G?%* irc dajjcdpc` afju oar rcjipevcjuikkrckipc` tcpt ao tcrvedct idpevepect& Istprijei {it pmc oertp Arkifetipeaf oar CdafagedDa'a~cripeaf if` @cvcja~gcfp -ACD@% dasfpru pa eg~jcgcfp B^G?8 pmc IBT rcjcitct;>>> ètikkrckipc` pri`c dipckarect oar kaa`t bsp tpejj afju ;> oar tcrvedct* pmc jippcrbcefk garc `cpiejc` pmif {mip et idpsijju rcyserc` bu pmc efpcrfipeafij tpifìr`t -e&c&*pmc C}pcf`c` Bijifdc ao îugcfpt Tcrvedct -CBA^T% Djitteoedipeaf%& Pmc efpra`sdpeafao B^G? ti{ tekfeoedifp eg~ravcgcfpt* giefju pmc rcjcitc ao garc `cpiejc` ìpi garcorcyscfpju* bsp tekfeoedifp ìpi ki~t rcgief&

I `coefepeaf ao tcrvedct pri`c* cfdag~ittefk oasr ga`ct ao ts~~ju* {it efdar~aripc` efpapmc Kcfcrij Ikrccgcfp af Pri`c ef Tcrvedct -KIPT% ip pmc dafdjsteaf ao pmc SrsksiuRasf` ao gsjpejipcrij pri`c fckapeipeaft ef pmc [arj` Pri`c Arkife|ipeaf -[PA%&

Ga`c 9Dratt'bar`cr Ts~~ju< pmc tcrvedct irc `cjevcrc` -oar c}ig~jc cjcdprafedijju%pa pmc pcrreparu ao pmc faf'rcte`cfp djecfp& Pmet et rcijju pmc afju ga`c ao `cjevcru pmipgatp tpipetpedij dajjcdpeaft davcr& Eo `cjevcru et èrcdp pa pmc faf'rcte`cfp djecfp* pmc IBT etjehcju pa ~edh pmet s~ it if c}~arp vei ept tig~jc tsrvcu ao pmatc Istprijeif tcrvedct~rave`crt hfa{f pa c}~arp tcrvedct& Ma{cvcr* eo pmc `cjevcru -if` efvaedefk ifìddasfpefk% pihct ~jidc vei i jadij aooedc ef pmc pcrreparu ao pmc faf'rcte`cfp* pmcf`c~cfèfk af pmc fipsrc ao pmc aooedc if` pmc c}pcfp ao bsf`jefk ao èoocrcfp tcrvedctpakcpmcr* ep gekmp bc dipckare|c` it tcrvedct bcp{ccf iooejeipc` cfpcr~retct ar* garc

jehcju* ep {ejj fap bc djitteoec` it if c}~arp -it c}~jiefc` sf`cr Ga`c 4 bcja{%&

Ga`c 2Daftsg~peaf Ibrai`< pmc faf'rcte`cfp djecfp privcjt pa pmc pcrreparu ao pmcIstprijeif tcrvedct ~rave`cr pa abpief if` ~iu oar pmc tcrvedct& @c~cfèfk af dar~aripcefvaedefk ~ridpedct* pmc IBT {asj` fap fcdcttireju ~edh s~ ijj ao pmctc c}~arppriftidpeaft vei ept Efpcrfipeafij Pri`c ef Tcrvedct Tsrvcu& T~cdeij cooarp et gi`c*ma{cvcr* pa ctpegipc privcj tcrvedct c}~arpt if` eg~arpt -efdjsèfk c`sdipeaf'rcjipc`privcj* bstefctt* if` apmcr privcj% bcdistc ifu bstefctt pmip ~rave`ct kaa`t ar tcrvedctpa i faf'rcte`cfp privcjefk {epmef Istprijei* et ~raveèfk i privcj tcrvedc& Ef ar`cr padi~psrc pmet efoargipeaf* vei i tsrvcu* ijj bstefcttctif` gifu mastcmaj`t -giefjupmatc pmip rcfp majeìu iddaggaìpeaf%irc ~apcfpeijju ~raveèfk i tcrvedc pa i faf'rcte`cfp& C`sdipeaf tcrvedct if` pasretg irc Istprijeit jirkctp gcitsrc` tcrvedct

c}~arpt&

Ga`c 4Daggcrdeij ^rctcfdc< pmc Istprijeif tcrvedct ~rave`cr ctpibjetmct i jadij~rctcfdc ef pmc pcrreparu ao pmc oarcekf djecfpcjc8 pmc jadij ~rctcfdc gekmp bc irc~rctcfpipeafij aooedc* i orifdmetc ar i rcketpcrc` tsbteèiru ar brifdm& Pmc jadij~rctcfdc et dafte`crc` i oarcekf iooejeipc {mcf avcr 3># ao pmc tpadh ar vapefk rekmptirc Istprijeif'a{fc`& Pmc oarcekf djecfp cfkikct {epm pmc rcte`cfp Istprijeif'a{fc`tcrvedc ~rave`cr vei pmet aooedc& Pmc IBT àct fap gcitsrc cirfefkt efpa pmip aooedc efpmc pri`c ef tcrvedct dajjcdpeaft& Pmc IBT gcitsrct pmc cirfefkt ao pmc aooedc vei IBT


8/37


0

Efpcrfipeafij Efvctpgcfp Tsrvcu if` pmcu irc efdjs`c` ef pmc bijifdc ao ~iugcfpt -BA^%dsrrcfp iddasfp* efdagc& Pmc priftidpeaft irc fap dafte`crc` it c}~arpt bcdistc pmcuirc fap bcp{ccf rcte`cfpt if` faf'rcte`cfpt* pmc oarcekf iooejeipc bcefk dafte`crc` pa bci rcte`cfp ao pmc dasfpru ef {medm ep et jadipc`&

Ga`c 0Gavcgcfp ao Fipsrij ^crtaft< tcrvedc ~rave`crt privcj pcg~arireju -vetept ao

`sripeaft sf`cr 92 gafpmt% pa pmc pcrreparu ao pmc oarcekf djecfp pa ts~~ju pmc tcrvedc& PmcIBT {asj` fap fcdcttireju ~edh pmet s~ vei pmc Efpcrfipeafij Pri`c ef Tcrvedct tsrvcusfjctt ep et t~cdeoedijju ta `cdjirc` bu pmc c}~arpcr&

Ctpegipeaf ao priftidpeaft sf`cr cidm ao pmctc ga`ct et ~rabjcgiped& Pmet ~i~cr rc~arpti fsgbcr ao rcdcfp bstefctt cooarpt ef Istprijei pa eg~ravc pmc gcitsrcgcfp ao tcrvedctc}~arpt vei Ga`ct 9* 2* if` 0* bsp ep oadstct t~cdeoedijju af pmc efoargipeaf kieft pmipdif bc idmecvc` bu cooarpt pa gcitsrc Ga`c 4 Daggcrdeij ^rctcfdc&

Ga`c 4 èoocrt osfìgcfpijju orag pmc apmcr ga`ct ef pmip ep brciht pmc prièpeafij ~rc'KIPT dafvcfpeaf it pa {mip daftpepspct pri`c* pmc priftidpeaft efvajvc` bcefk ysepcsfjehc pmc dafvcfpeafij dafdc~pt ao eg~arpt ar c}~arpt -eg~arpt bu dafvcfpeaf bcefktcrvedct `cjevcrc` bu faf'rcte`cfpt pa rcte`cfpt* if` c}~arpt bu dafvcfpeaf bcefk

tcrvedct `cjevcrc` bu rcte`cfpt pa faf'rcte`cfpt%&Pmc dafdc~p ao Ga`c 4 `cjevcru ao tcrvedct mcfdc ~stmct i{h{ir`ju s~ ikieftp pmctpipetpedij dafvcfpeaft ao pmc BA^ if` pmc origc{arh ao pmc TFI if`* it i rctsjp* efgatp dasfprect* kact dag~jcpcju sfgcitsrc`* sfjehc Ga`ct 9* 2* if` 0* {medm irceg~crocdpju gcitsrc`* bsp gcitsrc` fafcpmcjctt&

S~af dafdjsteaf ao pmc KIPT* te} efpcrfipeafij cdafaged arkife|ipeaft efdjsèfk pmc[PA* Efpcrfipeafij Gafcpiru Osf` -EGO%* ACD@* if` Sfepc` Fipeaft Daggeppcc afPri`c if` @cvcja~gcfp -SFDPI@% ikrcc` af i tcp ao rcdaggcfìpeaft oar i~~ra~reipcgcpmaàjakect oar pmc gcitsrcgcfp ao pri`c ef tcrvedct if` pmctc {crc tcp asp ef pmcGifsij ao Tpipetpedt af Efpcrfipeafij Pri`c ef Tcrvedct -GTEPT >2% oertp ~sbjetmc` ef2>>2&

GTEPT >2 rcdaggcf`c` pmip bapm ef{ir` if` asp{ir` tcrvedct priftidpeaft ao oarcekf'iooejeipc` dag~ifect tmasj` t~cdeoedijju bc gcitsrc` it ~irp ao fipeafij dajjcdpeaft aopri`c ìpi bcdistc tcrvedct ts~~jec` pmraskm pmet ga`c irc kavcrfc` bu pmc ètde~jefctef pmc KIPT -Sfepc` Fipeaft Tpipetpedij Daggetteaf XSFTDW 2>>2%& Oc{ kavcrfgcfptmivc eg~jcgcfpc`* ar cvcf gi`c ~irpeij ~rakrctt pa{ir` eg~jcgcfpefk* pmetrcdaggcfìpeaf& Pmc IBT àct fap rcksjirju ~ra`sdc cepmcr ef{ir` ar asp{ir` Oarcekf'Iooejeipct Pri`c tpipetpedt -OIPT% oar Istprijei& Pmet et i tcreast ~rabjcg bcdistc rcdcfpctpegipct* bitc` cvcf af pmc jegepc` cg~eredij efoargipeaf iviejibjc* tskkctp pmip Ga`c4 -daggcrdeij ~rctcfdc%* iddasfpt oar garc pmif mijo ao {arj` pri`c ef tcrvedct&

Pmcrc mit bccf i pcf`cfdu pa ètgett pmet ~rabjcg* af pmc ittsg~peaf pmip prièpeafijdajjcdpeaft ao tpipetpedt af oarcekf èrcdp efvctpgcfp -O@E% dasj` tcrvc it i ~ra}u kse`c pa{mip gekmp bc mi~~cfefk {epm rct~cdp pa Ga`c 4 tcrvedct pri`c& O@E tpipetpedt mivc bccfstcosj it i ~ra}u bcdistc* kevcf pmip pmcu irc bitc` af 9># a{fcrtme~!vapefk tpadh*pmcu davcr i gsdm brai`cr tpadh ao O@E pmif Ga`c 4& Afc oji{ ef pmet i~~raidm et pmiptcrvedct irc fa{ dagefk pa àgefipc pmc O@E tpipetpedt it {cjj& Iddarèfk pa pmc [arjÈfvctpgcfp Rc~arp 2>>0< Pmc Tmeop Pa{ir`t Tcrvedct -SFDPI@ 2>>0%* pmc tcrvedcttcdpar iddasfpt oar ?># ao pmc kjabij tpadh ao O@E& Pmc ìpi ki~t ef ga`c 4 `cjevcru aotcrvedct irc gcif{mejc ~rclsèdefk pmc ittadeipc` efpcrfipeafij rctcirdm ikcfì& Pmcbstefctt ditc tpsèct ~rctcfpc` ef pmet ~i~cr `cgaftpripc pmip pmc prièpeafij BA^ ìpi*


9/37


3

cvcf {mcf ts~~jcgcfpc` bu O@E tpipetpedt* irc fap s~ pa pmc pith ao di~psrefk kjabijprcf`t ef efpcrfipeafij bstefctt&

I rcvetc` cèpeaf ao pmc gifsij* GTEPT 2>9>* {it rcdcfpju dag~jcpc`& Ep fapct pmip pmc`cvcja~gcfp ao tpipetpedt af efpcrfipeafij tcrvedc ts~~ju mit jikkc` bcmef` pmc dmifkefkrcijepu ao pmc girhcp~jidc -SFTD 2>9>9> `ri{t ippcfpeaf pa pmc

ètdaffcdp cve`cfp bcp{ccf ìpi tma{efk* af pmc afc mif`* pmip tcrvedc ef`stprect ircpmc jirkctp rcde~ecfpt ao kjabij aspoja{t ao O@E* if` ucp dag~retc ibasp afc oeopm ao{arj`{e`c pri`c ef BA^ pcrgt&

GTEPT 2>9> fapct pmip pmcrc irc dsrrcfpju oc{ rcjeibjc efpcrfipeafij dag~iretaft aoOIPT* bsp iddarèfk pa efoargipeaf iviejibjc oar ACD@ cdafagect* ep et ctpegipc` XbuSFDPI@W pmip pmc vijsc ao tcrvedct `cjevcrc` pa girhcpt pmraskm oarcekf iooejeipct et ipjcitp it mekm it pmc vijsc ao c}~arpt -ar eg~arpt% ao tcrvedct rcdar`c` ef pmc bijifdc ao~iugcfpt -SFTD 2>9>>='>3* [arj` Pri`c Arkife|ipeaf* Kcfcvi&


10/37


?

4& ÊJAP TSR_CU AO ISTPRIJEIF'A[FC@ OERGTA^CRIPEFK EF APMCR DASFPRECT

Ip fcirju 24# ao gcitsrc` c}~arpt* Istprijeit tcrvedct c}~arpt irc raskmju af ~ir {epmgifsoidpsrct c}~arpt if` fa{ djcirju aspà Istprijeit rsrij c}~arpt& Bsp pmcrc dif bc

fa àsbp pmip pmc ibavc ~crdcfpikc et i tekfeoedifp sf`crtpipcgcfp&

Ef 2>>4* pmc IBT daf`sdpc` if c}~cregcfpij Tsrvcu ao Asp{ir` Oarcekf IooejeipctPri`c& Pmc dafdc~psij origc{arh {it ijekfc` it djatcju it ~attebjc pa pmip irpedsjipcèf GTEPT >2& Pmc tsrvcu origc {it abpiefc` bu dagbefefk pmc origct ao pmc Tsrvcu aoEfpcrfipeafij Efvctpgcfp if` pmc Tsrvcu ao Efpcrfipeafij Pri`c ef Tcrvedct* {medmdajjcdpt ìpi ysirpcrju af i {e`c rifkc ao tcrvedct& Osrpmcr pa pmet* pmc origc {itts~~jcgcfpc` bu i`èpeafij sfept dafte`crc` pa bc ef'tda~c& Efoargipeaf {it dajjcdpcàf pmc ef`stpru dipckaru* fsgbcr ao bstefcttct* oe}c` di~epij oargipeaf* papij ittcpt*tijct* vijsc i``c`* kratt a~cripefk tsr~jst* if` cg~jaugcfp& Pmc tda~c ao pmc tsrvcu{it jegepc` if` pmc ~sbjetmc` rctsjpt ocjj tmarp ao gccpefk pmc fcc`t ao ~apcfpeij stcrt*~irpju it i rctsjp ao daftpriefpt iretefk orag dafoe`cfpeijepu ettsct&

@ct~epc ept tmarpdagefkt* pmc tsrvcu rctsjpt tskkctpc` pmip pmc aooedeij Istprijeif ìpi aftcrvedct c}~arpt it gcitsrc` bu pmc BA^ mi` ~rabibju bccf gcitsrefk jctt pmif afcpmer` ao Istprijeit idpsij aootmarc ts~~ju ao tcrvedct& 9

Apmcr hcu oefèfkt orag pmc ~ejap tsrvcu efdjs`c bejjeaf ef Itei'îdeoed*if` I$90 bejjeaf ef Csra~c%&

Ef Csra~c* tijct ao tcrvedct i~~circ`* pa pmc c}pcfp pmip dafoe`cfpeijepu ao ìpi cfibjcìjjadipeaf pa t~cdeoed ef`stpru'tsb'tcdpart* pa bc àgefipc` bu oefifdc if` eftsrifdc8 efItei tijct ijta i~~circ` pa bc tprafk ef ~ra~crpu if` bstefctt tcrvedct -efdjsèfk jckijtcrvedct%&

Oarcekf iooejeipct {crc ~regireju ctpibjetmc` efepeijju pa tcrvedc pmc girhcpt {mcrc pmcu{crc àgedejc`* {epm irasf` 5># ao tijct {epmef pmc matp dasfpru&

Sfoarpsfipcju* `ct~epc ~crtetpcfp if` vajsbjc bstefctt ts~~arp oar osrpmcr {arh* pmc ~ejaptsrvcu mit fcvcr bccf rc~cipc` `sc pa jidh ao kavcrfgcfp osfèfk oar pmet eg~arpifp{arh&2

9

Pmc rctsjpt {crc rcjcitc` ef Adpabcr 2>>0&2

Pmc Istprijeif @c~irpgcfp ao Oarcekf Iooiert if` Pri`c -@OIP% rcdcfpju osf`c` pmc IBT pa rsf i tsrvcu aoOefifdc if` Eftsrifdc Oarcekf Iooejeipct Pri`c Tpipetpedt& Pmc rctsjpt irc c}~cdpc` pa bc rcjcitc` ef ge`'2>99&


11/37


;

0& BSTEFCTT DITC TPS@U C]^CRECFDC

Kevcf dafdcrft ibasp pmc cve`cfp if` ~crtetpcfp jidsfic ef pmc aooedeij IBT ìpi* ifsgbcr ao efepeipevct mivc bccf pihcf bu apmcr baèct avcr pmc jitp `cdi`c pa pru pa kcp ibcppcr sf`crtpifèfk ao pmc c}pcfp ao ~irpede~ipeaf ao Istprijeif tcrvedct ef`stprect ef

efpcrfipeafij pri`c& Tagc apmcr kavcrfgcfp ikcfdect if` tagc tcrvedct ef`stpruittadeipeaft ma~c` pmip pmc eg~jcgcfpipeaf ao ef`stpru'jc` tcdparij tsrvcut gekmp ittetpef ivaeèfk tagc ao pmc dafoe`cfpeijepu ettsct oidc` ef pmc IBT tsrvcu&

0&9 Efpcrfipeafij Jckij Tcrvedct

Krasf`brcihefk tsrvcu {arh mit bccf sf`crpihcf bu Istprijeit Efpcrfipeafij JckijTcrvedct I`vetaru Dasfdej -EJTID%* {medm et dmierc` bu pmc oc`crij ipparfcu'kcfcrij ifìdpt it pmc oarcgatp ~sbjed'~revipc tcdpar daftsjpipevc if` i`vetaru oarsg oar Istprijeitefpcrfipeafij jckij tcrvedct tcdpar& Pmc tpipetpedij ~ralcdp {it sf`crpihcf it idajjibaripevc c}crdetc bu pmc Ipparfcu'Kcfcrij+t @c~irpgcfp* Ji{ Dasfdej ao Istprijei*Istpri`c* if` cekmp jcièfk Istprijeif ji{ oergt* ijj ao {medm dafprebspc` oefifdeijju pa

pmc ~ralcdp& Pmc tsrvcu eptcjo {it asptasrdc` pa OGRD Jckij ^pu Jp`&Pmet ~ralcdp {it dafdcevc` ef èrcdp rct~aftc pa dafdcrft pmip pmc kjabij girhcp oarIstprijeif jckij tcrvedct4

0&9&9 @coefepeafij Ettsct

{it bcefk sf`crctpegipc` ef pmc aooedeij ìpi* kevcf pmip pmcIBT àct fap e`cfpeou cirfefkt ao avcrtcit brifdm aooedct ao Istprijeif ji{ oergt itjckij tcrvedct c}~arpt* bsp ripmcr* ef iddarìfdc {epm efpcrfipeafij tpifìr`t* itrcpsrft af efvctpgcfp&

Pmc ~ralcdp iegc` pa gcitsrc efdagc iretefk orag Ga`c 4 daggcrdeij ~rctcfdc ifìjta pa abpief ìpi ibasp èoocrcfp pu~ct ao jckij tcrvedct if` pmc {iut ef {medm pmcu{crc `cjevcrc`& Ep et eg~arpifp pa fapc pmip pmc tsrvcu ijta `cjebcripcju gcitsrc` jckij

tcrvedct ~rave`c` bu Istprijeif rcte`cfp jckij ~ridpedct pa Istprijeif dag~ifect {mcrcpmc {arh arekefipc` orag if avcrtcit'bitc` ~ralcdp&

Pmctc jippcr priftidpeaft diffap bc dafte`crc`* sf`cr ifu `coefepeaf* pa dag~retcefpcrfipeafij pri`c ef tcrvedct& Pmcu irc* ma{cvcr* mekmju rcjcvifp pa tpsèct* oarc}ig~jc* ao ma{ Istprijeif oergt bcdagc idysiefpc` {epm pmc efpcrfipeafij girhcp~jidcar ma{ Istprijeif tcrvedct gekmp i`` vijsc pa c}~arpt ao apmcr ef`stpru tcdpart ar ma{Istprijeif tcrvedct dag~cpc ef pmc rcte`cfp girhcp vet''vet ~apcfpeij eg~arpt& If` pmcuirc aopcf èooedsjp pa tc~iripc ef dag~ifu rcdar`t orag kcfsefc c}~arp priftidpeaft&Fcvcrpmcjctt* efdjsteaf ao pmctc priftidpeaft* it {cjj it Ga`c 4 priftidpeaft ef {mipEJTID `ctdrebct it dratt'bar`cr efdagc dif jci` pa i fsgbcr ao ~apcfpeij dafosteaftif` tagc dirc et daftcyscfpju rcyserc` ef efpcr~rcpefk pmc tsrvcu rctsjpt&0

Ef ~irpedsjir* Oju'ef* Oju'asp et `coefc` it {arh pmip et afju sf`crpihcf bu jckij tcrvedc~rave`crt fargijju rcte`cfp ef Istprijei* cepmcr af i oju ef!oju'asp bitet ar orag pmcer

4Jckij tcrvedct dag~retct daggcrdeij jckij tcrvedct if` birretpcr tcrvedct* ~ipcfp if` pri`cgirh ipparfcutcrvedct* daggcrdeij èt~spc rctajspeaf tcrvedct -efdjsèfk irbepripeaf if` gcèipeaf%* if` apmcr tcrvedct&

0EJTID et {arhefk {epm pmc IBT pa garc iddsripcju ijekf ept tsrvcut {epm pmc efpcrfipeafij `coefepeaft ao pmcoasr ga`ct ao `cjevcru& Tagc ao pmc `coefepeafij ~rabjcgt mivc iretcf orag pmc fcc` pa dag~ejc idag~rcmcftebjc if` citu pa dag~jcpc tsrvcu pmip ijekft {epm dag~ifu rcdar`t&


12/37


13/37


5

Oeksrc 2< C}~arp if` Dratt'bar`cr Pri`c ef Jckij Tcrvedct 2>>?2>>;

Tasrdc5!9>%

Ep et efpcrctpefk pmip cvcf dafvcfpeafij c}~arpt* ctpegipc` bu EJTID pa mivc dafprebspcÌ$452 gejjeaf pa pmc ibavc papij* {crc tagc 09# mekmcr pmif pmc IBT oeksrc* {medm {itrc~arpc` it I$2;= gejjeaf ef 2>>?2>>;&

Pmet tekfeoedifp ètdrc~ifdu ao I$990 gejjeaf tccgt jirkcju* ef mef`tekmp* pa mivc bccfdistc` bu efi`cysidect ef pmc origc oar pmc IBT tsrvcu* {medm mivc fa{ bccf

i``rcttc` pmifht pa pmc coocdpevc {arhefk rcjipeaftme~ {epm EJTID& Oar 2>>=2>>5 ìpi*pmc IBT i`lstpc` ept origc ef jefc {epm pmc EJTID tsrvcut* pmc daftcyscfdc bcefk irc~arpc` ?># lsg~ ef jckij tcrvedct c}~arpt ef 2>>='2>>5 -{mcrcit gifu jckij tcrvedctoergt rc~arp ifcdàpijju pmip 2>>=2>>5 {it i èooedsjp ucir& Bidhditpefk ao pmc ìpidigc af tprcig af 0 Favcgbcr 2>9> if` pmc rcvetc` ìpi dafoerg pmip cfjirkcgcfp aopmc IBT tsrvcu origc mit jirkcju oe}c` pmc tsrvcu ètdrc~ifdect& -Pmc IBT oeksrc mitfa{ bccf rcvetc` pa I$0>? gejjeaf* jcivefk i rcgiefefk ètdrc~ifdu ao afju I$90gejjeaf&% Pmc ~aefp pa bc gi`c mcrc et pmip {epmasp pmc EJTID {arh* if` pmc ippcfpeafkevcf pa eg~ravefk pmc ìpi bu Istprijeit pa~ jckij tcrvedct oergt* pmc eg~cpst paeg~ravc pmc IBT tsrvcu origc {asj` fap mivc `cvcja~c` ta ysedhju* if` pmceg~ravcgcfpt ef pmc IBT c}~arp ìpi {asj` fap ucp bc af tprcig&

Bcoarc `rejjefk ef ifu osrpmcr `cpiej efpa pmc EJTID tsrvcu rctsjpt rckirèfk dafvcfpeafijju`coefc` c}~arpteo I$452 gejjeaf ao pmc I$?;3 gejjeaf et dafvcfpeafij c}~arpt* pmcf {mipet pmc rcgiefefk I$2=4 gejjeaf1 Eg~arpifpju oar pmc ~sr~atct ao pmet ~i~cr* Daggcrdeij^rctcfdc ibrai` -Ga`c 4% {it ctpegipc` pa dafprebspc garc pmif mijo ao pmcrcgief`cre&c&* I$905 gejjeaf ef 2>>?2>>; -dag~irc` pa I$=3&954 gejjeaf ef 2>>02>>3%&?

?

Fcp ao ètbsrtcgcfpt* pmc oeksrc {it I$903&9 gejjeaf -dag~irc` pa I$;5&3> gejjeaf ef 2>>02>>3%&
http://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurvey


14/37


9>

Dag~irefk pmc tsrvcu rctsjpt ef 2>>?2>>; if` 2>>02>>3* pmc dafprebspeaf aodaggcrdeij ~rctcfdc krc{ c}prcgcju ri~e`jubu ;3# avcr pmc p{a ucirt pa iddasfp oar22# ao c}~arp if` dratt'bar`cr cirfefkt* dag~irc` {epm 9?# p{a ucirt cirjecr& Pmetcve`cfp kra{pm ef daggcrdeij ~rctcfdc et rcgirhibjc if` {epmasp pmc EJTID tsrvcu giumivc kafc sffapedc` ef pmc aooedeij tpipetpedij dajjcdpeaft&

Oeksrc 4< Jckij Tcrvedct C}~arptDag~iretaf ao IBT!@OIP C}~arp @ipi ifÈJTID @ipi af C}~arpt if` Dratt'bar`cr Efdagc

>

9>>

2>>

4>>

0>>

3>>

?>>

;>>

2>>0'>3 2>>3'>? 2>>?'>; 2>>;'>= 2>>='>5

$gejjeaf

@OIP EJTID

Tasrdc< GdDrcèc cp ij& 2>9>&

Pmc EJTID tsrvcu {it ibjc pa `cjevcr i {cijpm ao i`èpeafij efoargipeaf& Oar c}ig~jc*

pmc EJTID tsrvcu tma{c` pmip efpcrfipeafij {arh et vcru dafdcfpripc`* {epm pcf oergtiddasfpefk oar ijgatp =># ao cirfefkt ef 2>>?2>>;& Eg~arpifpju* pmc tsrvcu ~rave`ct i`cpiejc` brcihà{f bu kcakri~med girhcp pmif et fargijju iviejibjc orag IBT c}~arpìpi* ijafk {epm rcjipc` eftekmpt efpa pmc rcjipevc eg~arpifdc ao efève`sij ga`c ao`cjevcru efpa èoocrcfp kcakri~med jadipeaft&;

;

Tagc `cpiejc` efoargipeaf af jckij tcrvedct bu kcakri~mu dif bc rcysctpc` orag pmc IBT it i t~cdeijìpi tcrvedc ip i dmirkc&


15/37


16/37


92

Oeksrc 3< Jckij Tcrvedct C}~arp @ctpefipeaft

Tasrdc5!9>%

Ijpmaskm pmc Sfepc` Tpipct if` Difiì rcgieft avcr{mcjgefkju pmc jirkctp tefkjcgirhcp jadipeaf oar Istprijeif efpcrfipeafij ~ralcdpt* pmcrc et fa jafkcr ifu aooedc ao ifIstprijeif ji{ oerg ctpibjetmc` ef Farpm Igcredi& Daggcrdeij ~rctcfdc mit bccftmeopefk pa{ir`t Itei& Pmc ìpi oar dafvcfpeafij jckij tcrvedct c}~arpt ijafc tma{tFarpm Igcredi iddasfpefk oar lstp avcr afc pmer` ao ijj priftidpeaft if` Itei it i {majciddasfpefk oar lstp sf`cr afc pmer`& Bsp pmc dagbefc` ìpi oar c}~arpt if` dratt'bar`crpriftidpeaft* efdjsèfk Ga`c 4Daggcrdeij ^rctcfdc* tma{ Itei fa{ ef pmcitdcfìfdu* iddasfpefk oar garc pmif afc pmer` ao pmc papij if` Farpm Igcredi `ra~~efkbcja{&

Apmcr* 9?20;* 0#

îdeoed efdj F\ bspc}dj Istprijei*

=;;9* 2#

Ioredi if` pmcGe``jc Citp*90933* 0#

Apmcr Itei*952==* 3#

Efèi* 4;;?* 9#

Apmcr Taspm CitpItei* 999?>* 4#

Efàfctei* 39>0*

9#Tefki~arc*93;45* 0#

Apmcr Farpm Itei*9>>9?* 4#

Dmefi* ^ca~jctRc~sbjed ao* Mafk

Hafk* Dmefi*4;244* 9>#

Li~if* 9;9?=* 0#

Taspm / DcfprijIgcredi* 43;2*

9#

Sfepc` Tpipct if`Difiì* 94=03;*

40#

Csra~c -c}dj SH%*

05>49* 94#

SH* 02>40* 99#


17/37


94

Oeksrc ?< Pa~ Pcf Kcakri~med Girhcpt

Tasrdc< EJTID

mpp~4!>5!9>%&

Avcr pmc p{a'ucir ~crea` bcp{ccf pmc p{a EJTID tsrvcut* Itei {majc mit kra{f pmcoitpctp -garc pmif p{edc it oitp it pmc rctp ao pmc {arj`% it i jadipeaf oar Istprijeitefpcrfipeafij jckij tcrvedct {arh& Daggcrdeij ~rctcfdc ~jiut i ~irpedsjirju eg~arpifprajc ef pmc `cjevcru ao Istprijeif jckij tcrvedct efpa pmc ^RD* fa{ iddasfpefk oar I$3;gejjeaf*ar garc pmif mijo ao pmc papij Istprijeif jckij tcrvedct cirfefkt* orag ~ralcdpt efpmc ^RD if` Mafk Hafk* Dmefi&


18/37


90

Oeksrc ;< Daggcrdeij ^rctcfdc Efdagc bu Aooedc Jadipeaf

Tasrdc5!9>%&


19/37


93

Oeksrc =< Itei vt& Apmcr Kcakri~med GirhcptPapij C}~arp if` Dratt'bar`crPri`c ef Jckij Tcrvedct

Tasrdc5!9>%

Pmc gatp eg~arpifp girhcpt -bu aooedc jadipeaf% oar Ga`c 4 `cjevcru irc>> >>

23&3>#efdrcitc

3?&00#efdrcitc

>>&9

>&2

>&4

>&0

>&3

>&?

>&;

>&=

>&5

9

Itei Apmcr kcakri~med girhcpt -Sfdjitteoec`%

Kcakri~med girhcp

Efdagc -IS$>>>t%

>>&9

>&2

>&4

>&0

>&3

>&?

>&;

>&=

>&5

9

# efdrcitc af 2>>0'>3

2>>0'>3 2>>?'>; # efdrcitc af 2>>0'>3


20/37


9?

Oeksrc 5< C}~arp if` Dratt'bar`cr Pri`c ef Jckij TcrvedctPa~ Te} Kcakri~medgirhcpt

Tasrdc5!9>%&

Daggcrdeij ~rctcfdc ef pmctc oasr kcakri~med `ctpefipeaft iddasfpc` oar 54&0# ao pmcefdagc `crevc` bu pmc avcrtcit aooedct ao Istprijeif ji{ oergt if` ~ipcfp if` pri`cgirhipparfcu oergt&

Efpcrctpefkju* pmc EJTID tpsù tma{c` pmc kcakri~med tasrdc ao efdagc efpa cidm aopmctc aootmarc aooedc jadipeaft pa bc ysepc èvcrtc* sfjehc pmc IBT ~ejap tpsù* {medmdavcrc` ijj tcrvedct it i {majc if` {medm mi` dafdjs`c` pmip 5># ao tijct paah ~jidc ef

pmc matp dasfpru&Oeksrct 9>*99* if` 92 tma{ pmc tasrdc ao efdagc oar Istprijeif oergt {epm i daggcrdeij~rctcfdc ef pmc ^RD* Tefki~arc* if` Sfepc` Hefkàg& Dafpriru pa pmc IBT ~ejap tsrvcurctsjpt oar ijj tcrvedct* pmc ìpi ejjstpripct pmip jckij oergt irc ctpibjetmefk i ~rctcfdc efi dafvcfecfp jadipeaf pa ~rave`c tcrvedct pa pmc tsrrasfèfk rckeaft&

952490

0?0;349?>349?;=

?5092=?;;=

;4504

9402>3

43>;;??9>>

=22>?9>3205

>

3>>>>

9>>>>>

93>>>>

2>>>>>

23>>>>

ST if` Difiì Dmefi*^ca~jctRc~sbjed ao* Mafk

Hafk* Dmefi

Sfepc` Hefkàg Csra~c -c}dj SH%îdeoed efdj F\ bspc}dj Istprijei

Tefki~arc

Kcakri~med girhcp

Efdagc -IS$>>>t%

2>>0'>32>>?'>;


21/37


22/37


9=

Oeksrc 99< Daggcrdeij ^rctcfdc ef Tefki~arc>>t%

Tasrdc8

EJTID mpp~4!>5!9>%

Oar jckij tcrvedct* pmc EJTID tsrvcu tma{t pmc èvcrtepu pa bc krcipctp ef Tefki~arc*{mcrc afju ?2# ao efdagc `crevct orag {epmef Tefki~arc* if` pmc rcgiefefk 4=# oragapmcr rckeafij girhcpt& Istprijeif oarcekf iooejeipct bitc` ef pmc Sfepc` Hefkàg cirfc`2=# ao pmcer cirfefkt ef girhcpt apmcr pmif pmc Sfepc` Hefkàg if` oergt bitc` ef pmc^RD if` Mafk Hafk* Dmefi cirfc` 22# ao pmcer cirfefkt orag apmcr kcakri~medgirhcpt&

SH* 29?4&;453*9>#

Csra~c -c}djSH%* 20>&0933*

9#

ST if`Difiì*

20>&0933* 9#

Mafk Hafk* Dmefi0=>&=49*

2#

Tefki~arc*94245&23433*

?2#

Efàfctei*94?;&>?0423*

?#

Apmcr TaspmCitp Itei*

9002&054* ;#

Apmcr Itei*200;&>49?23*

99#

îdeoed efdj F\bsp c}dj Ist*=>&94=3* >#


23/37


95

Oeksrc 92< Daggcrdeij ^rctcfdc ef Sfepc` Hefkàg>>t%

Tasrdc8EJTID mpp~4!>5!9>%

Pmc EJTID tsrvcu rctsjpt ijja{ oar tagc vijsibjc dag~iretaf {epm pmc girhcparecfpipeaf ao apmcr ga`ct ao `cjevcru& Oeksrc 94 tma{t pmip Oju'ef* Oju'asp c}~arpt ircoadstc` af pmc Sfepc` Tpipct if` Difiì -2?#%* Ioredi if` pmc Ge``jc Citp -92#%* it{cjj it pmc Sfepc` Hefkàg -9>#% if` Csra~c -5#%* {medm pakcpmcr iddasfp oar garcpmif mijo ao pmc {arh* if` Itei iddasfpefk oar pmc rctp&

Apmcr*900;&59352

* 92#

ST if`Difiì*

252&53;00*2#

Csra~c-c}dj SH%*

9;90&0;44?* 90#

SH*5>90&>=52=

* ;2#


24/37


2>

Oeksrc 94< Oju'ef* Oju'asp EfdagctPa~ Pcf Kcakri~med Girhcpt

Tasrdc< EJTID* -mcièfk rcgavc` if` jibcjt cèpibjc orag t~rci`tmccpt%

mpp~4!>5!9>%

0&9&4 Pu~c ao Jckij [arh* bu Ga`c if` Girhcp

Pmc pa~ ircit ao jckij tcrvedct {arh* kjabijju* oar Istprijei {crc#%&

Pmctc oasr dipckarect iddasfpc` oar ;?# ao ijj efpcrfipeafij {arh&

Sfepc`Tpipct if`Difiì*

422;2&52=3* 2?#

Ioredi if`pmc Ge``jc

Citp*94=;2&?=42

* 92#Sfepc`

Hefkàg*990;=&>24?

* 9>#

Csra~c-c}dj SH%*9>590&45*

5#

Tefki~arc*=>45&;0992

* ;#

Apmcr*

9=;59&??=?* 9?#

îdeoed -efdjF\ c}djIst%*

?5;9&?92>2* ?#

Li~if*3545&3339?

* 3#

Dmefi*^ca~jc+tRc~sbjed ao*

MafkHafk* Dmefi

*30>3&04??9

* 3#Efàfctei*00?2&5=0?*

0#


25/37


29

Oeksrc 90< C}~arp if` Dratt'bar`cr Pri`c ef Jckij Tcrvedct 2>>?2>>;

Tasrdc5!9>%

Oeksrc 93< Daggcrdeij ^rctcfdc Efdagc bu Irci ao ^ridpedc

Tasrdc< EJTID

mpp~4!>5!9>&

92=?9;

290;00

04=90 090299=;;5

9234=

00;22

503==

93;>9=

?;40;;?902

93?;;3

>

3>>>>

9>>>>>

93>>>>

2>>>>>

23>>>>

Dar~aripc -efdGcrkcrt / Idy%

E^* EP if` Pcjda Jepekipeaf Bifhefk if`Oefifdc

Cfcrku if`Rctasrdct

Rcij Ctpipc if`^ra~crpu

Irci ao jckij ~ridpedc

Efdagc -IS$>>>t%

2>>0'>32>>?'>;

ApmcrEforitprsdpsr

c* ;03&>30*9#

Irbepripeaf*5=2&>0900*

9#

Cfcrku if`Rctasrdct*;4??&??;=?

* 3#Apmcr*

593>&00430* ?#

E^* EP if`Pcjda*

9>9=9&2=9?* ;#

Rcij Ctpipcif`

^ra~crpu*93;00&53=;

* 99#Jepekipeaf *

29=0?&;395

* 93#

Bifhefkif`

Oefifdc*2=>5?&44=?

* 9=#

Dar~aripc*30?5>&;;24

* 4?#
http://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurveyhttp://www.ilsac.gov.au/www/ilsac/ilsac.nsf/Page/GlobalLegalServicesandMarketAccess_ILSACStatisticsSurvey_ILSACsSecondSurvey


26/37


22

Oar oarcekf iooejeipct ibrai`* tcrvedct {crc oadstc` af dar~aripc if` G/I* bifhefk ifòefifdc* if` jepekipeaf& Bifhefk if` oefifdc {it fcirju p{edc it eg~arpifp i tasrdc aocirfefkt oar oarcekf iooejeipc aooedct pmif oar papij efpcrfipeafij cirfefkt&

Oju'ef* Oju'asp {arh {it rcjipevcju garc oadstc` af efpcjjcdpsij ~ra~crpu* EDP* if` afgefefk* rctasrdct* if` apmcr eforitprsdpsrc&

Oeksrc 9?< Oju'ef* Oju'asp Efdagc bu Irci ao ^ridpedc

Tasrdc< EJTID &

0&9&0 Eg~jedipeaft oar Tpripcked Bstefctt if` âjedu @cdeteaf'Gihefk

Pmc EJTID tsrvcu ~rave`ct vijsibjc ~apcfpeij eftekmpt efpa pmc ~radctt ao kjabije|ipeafao pmc Istprijeif jckij tcrvedct ef`stpru& Ep mit tcrvc` pa ittetp pmc IBT pa darrcdp ki~tef pmc c}~arp origc if` ta pa eg~ravc pmc dafvcfpeafij BA^ ìpi af jckij tcrvedct& Epmit ijta tekfeoedifpju c}pcf`c` pmc iviejibjc ìpi af Istprijeif oarcekf iooejeipct pri`c eftcrvedct&

Pmc tsrvcu rctsjpt mivc pmcrcbu cfibjc` i tekfeoedifp osrpmcr rctcirdm ikcfì* {medm{it teg~ju efdafdcevibjc kevcf pmc ki~t ef pmc aooedeij ìpibitc& Pmc `cpiej pmip fa{

c}etpt af pmc kcakri~med ètprebspeaf ao ~irpedsjir hef`t ao jckij {arh mit ijja{c` EJTIDpa gavc oar{ir` {epm ept ikcfì ao e`cfpeouefk ~rearepu girhcpt {epm rct~cdp pa {medm epgihct tcftc pa `cvapc rctasrdct pa àdsgcfpefk if` pmcf rcoargefk pmc birrecrt pajckij tcrvedct pri`c if` efvctpgcfp& Osrpmcrgarc* pmc ìpi cfibjct pmet {arh pa ~radcc`{epm i gcitsrc` sf`crtpifèfk ao pmc ga`ct ao `cjevcru efvajvc` oar cvcru kcakri~medgirhcp&

Pmc tsrvcut mivc cjedepc` redm ysijepipevc if` ifcdàpij gipcreij ef i`èpeaf pa pmc tmccrtpipetpedij fsgbcrt& Pmet gipcreij et vepij pa sf`crtpifèfk ma{ jckij tcrvedct pri`c

^revipcDjecfp [arh*45&5;59433

* >#

Irbepripeaf*4;9&?0=?3*

>#

Jepekipeaf *24;4&==2;5

* 2#

Apmcr*4;4;&??4>?

* 4#Rcij Ctpipc

if`^ra~crpu*

0?43&?95=3* 0#

Bifhefkif`

Oefifdc*=2=9&202;0

* ;# ApmcrEforitprsdpsr

c*92353&4?42

* 99#

Cfcrku if`Rctasrdct*94542&3444

* 92#

Dar~aripc*29>??&>;5;

* 9=#

E^* EP if`Pcjda*39993&>99*

04#


27/37


24

idpsijju pihct ~jidc if` ma{ ep et djitteoec`* rcdar`c`* if` vijsc` bu oergt& Pmc tsrvcut`c~irpsrc orag pmc daftpriefpt ao efpcrfipeafij tpipetpedij tpifìr`t et pmcrcoarc it gsdmif ittcp it if eg~crocdpeaf& Ep dcrpiefju cyse~t Istprijeif fckapeipart pa idmecvc garcdaggcrdeijju gcifefkosj aspdagctif` ~crmi~t pa rcdafte`cr pmc tprsdpsrij `ctekfocipsrct ao ~rctcfp efpcrkavcrfgcfpij fckapeipefk vcmedjct* pa gihc pmcg garc èrcdpc`pa idmecvefk daggcrdeijju stcosj kief&

Gatp eg~arpifpju* bcdistc pmc tsrvcut mivc bccf daf`sdpc` ef pmc dafpc}p ao i mekmjcvcj kavcrfgcfp'bstefctt ~irpfcrtme~* pmcu mivc ijja{c` pmc gilar ~jiucrt ef pmc jckijtcrvedct tcdpar pa kcp pakcpmcr pa pihc tpadh* pa ittctt Istprijeit dag~cpepevcfctt ef pmckjabij girhcp* if` pa dafte`cr pmc ~ajedu tcppefkt pmip gekmp ~ragapc krcipcr effavipeafif` cooedecfdu ef pmc ospsrc&

0&2 Efpcrfipeafij Oefifdeij Tcrvedct -Osf`t Gifikcgcfp%

Istprijeit oefifdeij tcrvedct tcdpar mit bcdagc gsdm garc kjabijju efpckripc` avcr pmc~itp `cdi`c* brefkefk ep ef jefc {epm pmatc ao apmcr `cvcja~c` dasfprect& @ct~epc i dsrrcfpcfpmsteitg oar ~ajedect pa dafpefsc pa kra{ Istprijei it if efpcrfipeafij oefifdeij dcfprc*

jeppjc et idpsijju hfa{f ibasp pmc c}pcfp pa {medm Istprijei ijrciù c}~arpt* efpcrijei* eptefvctpgcfp gifikcgcfp c}~crpetc& If` c}idpju ma{ pmc efdrcitc` kjabije|ipeaf ao pmcoefifdeij tcrvedct tcdpar dif bctp bc di~psrc` ef pmc pri`c tpipetpedt et rcjipevcju dag~jc}if` oir orag osjju rctajvc`&

Pa mcj~ oejj ef pmc efoargipeaf ki~t* pmc Efvctpgcfp if` Oefifdeij Tcrvedct Ittadeipeaf-EOTI% daggetteafc` i ~revipc tcdpar tsrvcu'bitc` tpsù ef 2>>=& =

Pmc tpsù oadstc` af kipmcrefk girhcp efpcjjekcfdc af pmc c}pcfp pa {medm Istprijeifefvctpgcfp gifikcrt tasrdc OSG orag avcrtcit djecfpt* pmc dasfprect pmctc osf`t irc

tasrdc` orag* if` orag {medm pu~ct ao djecfpt& Pa ~sp pmet ef pri`c pcrgefajaku* jehc pmcEJTID tpsù* pmet tpsùt ablcdpevc {it pa ctpegipc pmc jcvcj ao osf`t gifikcgcfpc}~arpt* e`cfpeou pmc hcu kcakri~med girhcp `ctpefipeaft* if` pmc pu~ct ao tcrvedct taj`&

& Ef pmc osf`tgifikcgcfp tcdpar* `cpcrgefefk pmc vijsc ao c}~arpt `crevct ~regireju orag ctpegipct aopmc vijsc ao avcrtcit'tasrdc` osf`t sf`cr gifikcgcfp -OSG% bcdistc cvcrupriftidpeaf rcjcvifp pa pmatc osf`t efdsrt i oefifdeij tcrvedct occ orag faf'rcte`cfpt&

It ao pmc cf` ao @cdcgbcr 2>>;* pmc IBT ctpegipc oar avcrtcit'tasrdc` OSG {itI$3= bejjeaf& Oar pmc tigc ~crea`* pmc EOTI!Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf tpsù ctpegipc` pmcvijsc ao avcrtcit tasrdc` OSG ip I$9?9 bejjeaf* ar 9;=# mekmcr pmif pmc aooedeij -if`dafdc~psijju èoocrcfp% IBT oeksrc& Pmc EOTI!Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf tsrvcu ijta oasf`pmip avcrtcit tasrdc` OSG krc{ ibasp afc'pmer` oitpcr pmif Istprijeif tasrdc` OSG*{medm gcift c}~arpt -e&c&* orag faf'rcte`cfp djecfpt% {crc kra{efk oitpcr pmif pmcàgctped girhcp -Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf 2>>=83%&

Pmc tpsù oasf` fa raag oar dag~jidcfdu ma{cvcr& Af pmc dafpriru* pmc tpsù

dafdjs`c` pmip cvcf af pmc bitet ao pmet gsdm mekmcr pmif pmc aooedeij oeksrc pmipIstprijei et ~jiuefk {iu bcja{ ept {cekmp ef pmet eg~arpifp kjabij girhcp oar efvctpgcfp`ctpefipeaft -Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf 2>>=9; Istprijeifefvctpgcfp gifikcrt dasj` bc tasrdefk it gsdm it I$;0> bejjeaf orag avcrtcit djecfpt&

5Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf* 2>>=* ~ 3&


28/37


29/37


23

Ef ippcg~pefk pa efpcr~rcp pmctc èoocrcfdct* EOTI!Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf tskkctpc` pmip~crmi~t pmc Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf oeksrct dasj` bc dafte`crc` it daftpepspefk if s~~crctpegipc if` pmc IBT oeksrc it daftpepspefk i ja{cr ctpegipc* rctsjpefk ef i daftcrvipevcge`'~aefp ctpegipc ao I$99> bejjeaf& Pmet et tpejj vcru tekfeoedifp8 it Riefgihcr

Efoargipeaf ~aefpc` asp* ep et cysevijcfp pa ijgatp afc'pmer` pmc cfperc Istprijeif cysepecttcdpar* p{a'pmer`t pmc cfperc Istprijeif oe}c` efpcrctp tcdpar* mijo pmc cfperc ditm tcdpar* arp{a'pmer`t pmc cfperc ijpcrfipevct efvctpgcfp tcdpar& Ef`cc` ep ijta cysevijcfp pa pmc cfpercte|c ao Istprijeit bekkctp efvctpgcfp gifikcr ar fcirju p{edc pmc te|c ao pmc OspsrcOsf` -Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf 2>>=# ao pmc girhcp* pmc oevc bekkctp gifikcrt aoavcrtcit'tasrdc` OSG* afc ao {medm et if ef{ir` oarcekf iooejeipc* dafpraj ;3# ao pmcgirhcp&

0&2&9 Kcakri~med Girhcpt oar Osf`t Gifikcgcfp C}~arpt

It tma{f ef Oeksrc 9;* pmc Sfepc` Hefkàg ~rave`ct 22# ao avcrtcit'tasrdc` OSG*oajja{c` bu Fc{ \cijif` {epm 93#* Li~if {epm 94#* pmc Sfepc` Tpipct {epm 92#* pmc^RD {epm 99#* pmc rctp ao Itei {epm 99#* if` Csra~c {epm 5#& Pmc Ge``jc Citp ifÈfèi iddasfpc` oar afju >&4# if` >&9#* rct~cdpevcju* {mejc pmc rctp ao pmc {arjìddasfpc` oar ;#&

Ep {ejj dagc it fa tsr~retc pmip pmet `cpiejc` jcvcj ao efoargipeaf et iviejibjc orag pmcaooedeij tpipetpedt dajjcdpeaft& It pmc Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf rc~arp `ctdrebc` ep# ao pmc bstefctt& Pmc fc{ girhcp ao pmc ^RD mit c}~ja`c` asp ao pmc bjadht paijrciù rc~rctcfp 99# ijgatp gipdmefk pmc `cvcja~c` Sfepc` Tpipct girhcp it i tasrdcao OSG& Bsp `ct~epc pmc gsdm pijhc` ibasp ~apcfpeij ao Efèi if` pmc Ge``jc Citp eptccgt Istprijeif efvctpgcfp gifikcrt irc ucp pa `cvcja~ i veibjc bstefctt ga`cj ef

pmctc bstpjefk girhcp~jidct -Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf 2>>=%&

Djcirju pmet et vijsibjc efoargipeaf oar tpripcked efvctpgcfp `cdeteaf'gihefk oar pmc~revipc tcdpar8 sfoarpsfipcju it ef ta gifu apmcr tcrvedct tcdpart* tsdm ittcttgcfptteg~ju diffap bc idmecvc` orag stc ao IBT ìpi ijafc&


30/37


2?

Oeksrc 9;< Kcakri~med GirhcptIstprijeit Avcrtcit'tasrdc` OSG

Tasrdc< Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf 2>>=&

0&2&2 C}~arpt bu Pu~c ao [arh -Djecfpt%

Pmc EOTI!Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf ~ejap tpsù rcvcijc` pmip orag i tsb'tig~jc dag~retefkI$?9 bejjeaf orag 99 efvctpgcfp gifikcrt* 4?# ao avcrtcit'tasrdc` OSG {it tasrdcòrag ~cfteaf osf`t* 93# orag gspsij osf`t* 94# orag tavcrcekf osf`t* if` 20# {ittasrdc` orag apmcr eftpepspeafij gifikcrt8 ;# {it tasrdc` orag efève`sijt* jctt pmif9# orag eftsrcrt* if` 3# orag sf`coefc` apmcr tasrdct&

0&2&4 C}~arpt ao Oefifdeij Efpcrgcèipeaf Tcrvedct Efèrcdpju Gcitsrc` -OETEG%

Mivefk fapc` pmc sf`crctpegipeaf ao OSG ef Istprijeit tpipetpedij dajjcdpeaft* ep eteg~arpifp pa jaah ip ma{ tsddcttosjju Istprijei ittcttct ept c}~arpt ao oefifdeijefpcrgcèipeaf tcrvedct* bitc` af pmc ctpegipct ao OSG& @OIP -2>>5% rc~arpc`9>

Oeksrc 9= brciht à{f pmc oefifdeij tcrvedct c}~arp ìpi efpa bapm c}~jedep dmirkct ifòefifdeij efpcrgcèipeaf tcrvedct efèrcdpju gcitsrc` -OETEG%& Ef oidp* c}~jedep dmirkctpsrf asp pa mivc oijjcf bu =&=# -pa I$03? gejjeaf%ef jefc {epm c}~cdpipeaft `srefk pmckjabij oefifdeij dretetbsp OETEG ratc 42# -pa I$;3; gejjeaf%& OETEG rcjipct pa pmcgirkeft bcp{ccf efpcrctp ~ie` pa `c~atepart if` dmirkc` pa barra{crt if` mit afju

pmip ef2>>=2>>5 pmc vijsc ao Istprijeit oefifdeij tcrvedct c}~arpt ratc bu garc pmif 94# paI$9&2 bejjeaf* {epm i retc ef c}~arp vajsgct ao fcirju 9>#& Tsdm tprafk c}~arp kra{pm ef i~crea` ao i kjabij oefifdeij à{fpsrf `cgif`t tagc c}~jifipeaf&

9>Pri`c ef Tcrvedct ef Istprijei 2>>5

Fc{ \cijif93#

Li~if

94#Sfepc Tpipct

92#

RD

99#

Rctp ao Itei

99#

Sfepc Hefkag

22#

Efei>&9#Rctp ao pmc [arj;#Ge jc Citp

>&4#

Csra~c

5#


31/37


2;

rcdcfpju bccf efdjs`c` ef pmc IBT dijdsjipeaf ao oefifdeij tcrvedct c}~arpt* mivefkrcdcfpju bccf efdjs`c` ef pmc jipctp EGO kse`cjefct oar BA^ iddasfpt& @srefk pmc rcdcfpoefifdeij dretet* pmcrc {it i mekm reth ao `coisjp af `cbp* if` pmet giu mivc kevcf retc paif sfifpede~ipc` efdrcitc ef OETEG& [mcf pmc reth ao drcèp `coisjp et ja{cr* OETEGc}~arpt giu bc c}~cdpc` pa `ra~* {epm pmc dasfpcrefpsepevc aspdagc pmip gcitsrct aopapij oefifdeij tcrvedct c}~arpt gekmp jehc{etc tsoocr&

Oeksrc 9=< Istprijeit C}~arpt ao Oefifdeij Tcrvedct

Tasrdc< @OIP 2>9>&

0&2&0 Eg~jedipeaft oar Tpripcked Bstefctt if` âjedu @cdeteaf'Gihefk

Ep et cttcfpeij oar coocdpevc ~ajedu oargsjipeaf pmip ~ajedugihcrt bc cyse~~c` {epmc}dcjjcfp efoargipeaf& [mip et djcir* ma{cvcr* et pmip ~ajedugihcrt irc fap cyse~~c`dsrrcfpju {epm pmc ysijepu efoargipeaf pmcu fcc`& Mivefk e`cfpeoec` i gilar sf`crctpegipcef Istprijeif c}~arpt ao osf`t gifikcgcfp tcrvedct* EOTI!Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf teg~judafdjs`c` pmip pmc rcij ~rabjcg et pmip pmc IBT tsrvcu ef ept dsrrcfp oarg ètparpt aooedeij~crdc~peaft oar ma{ eg~arpifp asr ef`stpru idpsijju et oar Istprijeit cdafagu* {epm èrc~ajedu daftcyscfdct -Riefgihcr Efoargipeaf 2>>=


32/37


33/37


25

Oeksrc 95< Pa~ 9>> Aootmarc Rcvcfsc it i ^ra~arpeaf ao Papij Rcvcfsc

>

9>

2>

4>

0>

3>

?>

;>

=>

5>

9>>

Avcrtcitrcvcfsciti~ra~arpeafaopapij

rcvcfsc

Fapc< Pmc irhcr tmièfk cfapct i tcrvedct dag~ifu&

Tasrdc< Mirpdmcr 2>>;&

Oeksrc 2>< Istprijeif Ts~~ju ao Efpcrfipeafij Tcrvedct bu Ga`c* 2>>22>>4

Ef i tegejir vcef* ìpi ifiju|c` bu pmc [PA mit tma{f pmip Ga`c 4 dag~retct irasf`?4# ao Istprijeit efpcrfipeafij ts~~ju ao tcrvedct -Gi`cjcefc if` Gisrcr 2>>=%&

Ga`c 9 / 0*

9=#

Ga`c 2* 95#

Ga`c 4* ?4#

Tasrdc< [PA dijdsjipeaft rc~arpc` ef Gik`cjcefc* L if` Gisrcr* I* 2>>=*

Pihefk ijj pmc aooedeij* tcge'aooedeij* if` ~revipc tcdpar cve`cfdc efpa iddasfp* ep àcttccg pmip irasf` p{a pmer`t ao Istprijeit aspbasf` tcrvedct pri`c pihct ~jidc vei Ga`c4 ts~~ju* {medm et asp ao tda~c ao pmc BA^ tpipetpedt if` fap rcksjirju gcitsrc` bu pmcIBT&


34/37


4>

I`èfk pmc gettefk ?4# ao Istprijeit efpcrfipeafij ts~~ju ao tcrvedct pa pmc IBT pri`cìpi {asj` gcif pmip tcrvedct dag~retc* daftcrvipevcju* irasf` 45# ao Istprijeitefpcrfipeafij ts~~ju ao kaa`t if` tcrvedct& Pmet oeksrc et daftcrvipevc bcdistc pmc IBTìpi af dafvcfpeafij c}~arpt et eptcjo if sf`crctpegipc* it pmc bstefctt ditc tpsècttma{&

3& DAFDJSTEAFT

[arj` O@E kra{pm mit asp~idc` kra{pm ef {arj` pri`c if` {arj` kratt àgctped ~ra`sdpoar pmc jitp pmrcc `cdi`ct& Ef psrf* Ga`c 4 Daggcrdeij ^rctcfdc vei O@E mit cfibjc`pmc bsjh ao rcdcfp kra{pm ef efpcrfipeafij tcrvedct ts~~ju& Kevcf pmc fipsrc ao tcrvedcte&c&* pmip pmcu pcf` pa bc rcf`crc` if` daftsgc` avcr pmc tigc ~crea` ao pegcpmc retcef eg~arpifdc ao `cjevcru vei oarcekf iooejeipct et fap sfc}~cdpc`&

Garc oivaribjc ~ajedu ef rcjipeaf pa O@E mit ijta mcj~c`* it gatp dasfprect irc tcchefkpa ippridp O@E efdjsèfk ef pmc tcrvedct tcdpart& Gifu kavcrfgcfpt mivc sfejipcrijjujebcrije|c` pmcer efvctpgcfp rsjct* efdjsèfk tagc ao pmatc i~~jedibjc pa tcrvedct tcdpart&Avcr pmc jitp `cdi`c* eg~ravcgcfpt ef EDP efdjsèfk pmc efpcrfcp mivc ijta krcipjuja{crc` pmc datp if` dag~jc}epu ao gifikefk oarcekf iooejeipct* if` cfibjc` fcp{arhefk{epm i {e`cr rifkc ao bstefctt ~radctt ts~~jecrt* efdjsèfk oarcekf ts~~jecrt&

Oarcekf iooejeipct ao Istprijeif dag~ifect cg~jau giefju oarcekfcrt if` ~iu giefjuoarcekf pi}ct& Af pmc oidc ao ep* pmet gekmp tccg pa tskkctp pmip Ga`c 4 tijct giu fap bc{arpm it gsdm pa pmc Istprijeif cdafagu it Ga`ct 9* 2* if` 0 c}~arpt& Pmet ekfarct pmcoidp* ma{cvcr* pmip ~raoept orag oarcekf iooejeipc tijct irc cepmcr rc~ipreipc` pa Istprijei arbsej` pmc vijsc ao oarcekf ittcpt if` pmip Istprijeif mci`ysirpcr osfdpeaft tsdm itgirhcpefk* rctcirdm if` `cvcja~gcfp* cfkefccrefk* `ctekf* iddasfpt* if` gifikcgcfpbcfcoep orag ~ra`sdpevepu kieft if` tdijc cdafagect gi`c ~attebjc bu oarcekf iooejeipctijct& Mci`ysirpcr labt ijta pcf` pa bc mekmju ~ie`* if` kra{pm ef pmctc labt et itekfeoedifp tasrdc ao tcrvedct ~ra`sdpevepu kra{pm idratt i {e`c rifkc ao bstefctt

tcrvedct&Gatp ao pmc vijsc ao c}~arpt pa if cdafagu ject ef pmcer dafprebspeaf pa ~raoept if`~ra`sdpevepu* if` ef kcfcripefk pmctc aspdagct pmc tijct ao oarcekf iooejeipct dif gihc idafprebspeaf cysij pa ar cvcf krcipcr pmif dratt'bar`cr tcrvedct tijct&

Pmc eg~arpifdc ao pmc idpevepect ao Istprijeif'bitc` dag~ifect oarcekf iooejeipct mitefdrcitc` girhc`ju avcr pmc jitp tcvcrij `cdi`ct* ijafk {epm pmc kjabij kra{pm ef pmcidpevepect ao gsjpefipeafijt* bstefctt tcrvedct pri`c* if` efpcrfipeafij bstefctt ~radcttasptasrdefk&

Pmc ibtcfdc ao if ikrcc` cdafaged origc{arh {epmef kavcrfgcfp oar ittcttefk pmcvijsc ao oarcekf iooejeipc idpevepect mit gcifp ef coocdp pmip ep mit bccf citecr oarKavcrfgcfp ikcfdect if` `c~irpgcfpt pa ekfarc pmc dafprebspeaf ao oarcekf iooejeipct*

cvcf pmaskm ep et rcdakfe|c` pmip pmet et fa jafkcr i~~ra~reipc&

Pmc rctasrdct ijjadipc` pa pmc gcitsrcgcfp ao tcrvedct pri`c daftcyscfpju rcgief ioridpeaf ao pmatc oar kaa`t* jafk iopcr pmc metparedij rcitaft oar pmet mivc dcitc` pa bcrcjcvifp& Pmc rctsjp et if efdag~jcpc sf`crtpifèfk ao bapm pmc eg~arpifdc ao pri`c eftcrvedct if` pmc a~~arpsfepect oar ospsrc kra{pm& Pmet et if efmebepcr pa rcije|efk pmc veteafao Istprijei it i rckeafij mekm vijsc tcrvedct dcfpcr if` gcift pmip>=& Istprijei+t osf`t gifikcgcfp kjabij oaap~refp< itpadhpihc ao avcrtcit tasrdc` osf`t sf`cr gifikcgcfp& Tu`fcu< RiefgihcrEfoargipeaf& Iviejibjcip< mpp~>=QEOTIRiefgihcrRc~arpQIstprijeitOsf`tGifikcgcfpKjabijOaap~refp&~ò -iddcttc` 9> Tc~p 2>9>%&

SFDPI@& 2>>0& [arj` Efvctpgcfp Rc~arp 2>>0< Pmc Tmeop Pa{ir`t Tcrvedct& Iviejibjcip< mpp~>0Qcf&~ò -iddcttc` Girdm 2>9>%&
http://www.fsc.org.au/downloads/file/PublicationsFile/2008_IFSARainmakerReport_AustraliasFundsManagementGlobalFootprint.pdfhttp://www.fsc.org.au/downloads/file/PublicationsFile/2008_IFSARainmakerReport_AustraliasFundsManagementGlobalFootprint.pdfhttp://www.unctad.org/en/docs/wir2004_en.pdfhttp://www.unctad.org/en/docs/wir2004_en.pdfhttp://www.fsc.org.au/downloads/file/PublicationsFile/2008_IFSARainmakerReport_AustraliasFundsManagementGlobalFootprint.pdfhttp://www.fsc.org.au/downloads/file/PublicationsFile/2008_IFSARainmakerReport_AustraliasFundsManagementGlobalFootprint.pdf

the importance of measuring the delivery of services via commercial presence of offshore foreign...

Documents