the impact of renewable energy, distributed generation, storage & energy efficiency on the grid
DESCRIPTION
The Impact of Renewable Energy, Distributed Generation, Storage & Energy Efficiency on the Grid. Southern California Energy Summit Governor Angelina Galiteva ISO Board of Governors October 4, 2013. California ISO. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Impact of Renewable Energy, Distributed Generation, Storage & Energy Efficiency on the GridSouthern California Energy Summit
Governor Angelina Galiteva
ISO Board of Governors
October 4, 2013
California ISO
58,698 MW of power plant capacity
50,270 MW record peak demand (July 24, 2006)
26,500 market transactions per day
25,627 circuit-miles of transmission lines
30 million people served
309 million megawatts of electricity delivered annually
The ISO, a nonprofit public benefit corporation, maintains the constant and reliable flow of electricity for the health, safety and welfare of consumers
Slide 2
Environmental goals and policies drive the evolution to the future grid.
Electric industry faces changes: Ambitious environmental
goals
Reliability with fewer gas-fired plants
Cost containment
Need to strike a balance between reliability, renewables and reasonable cost.
Slide 3
California energy and environmental policies create reliability challenges
• Greenhouse gas reductions to 1990 levels by 2020
• 33% of load served by renewable generation by 2020
• 12,000 MW of distributed generation by 2020
• Ban on use of once-through cooling in coastal power plants
• Limits on availability of air emission credits for replacement generation
4
Slide 5
Current installed capacity:
•3,700 MW solar (expected)• Peak 2,794 MW on Sept 18, 2013 @
12:46 p.m.•6,900 MW wind (expected)
• Peak 4,302 MW on June 23, 2013 @ 12:22 a.m.
Expected 2020 capacity:
•10,800 MW solar•7,900 MW wind
California renewable policies are succeeding.
For Operating Day Sunday, September 22, 2013
Significant renewable generation in ISO queue
6
as of September 27, 2013
The future grid includes diverse resources with various operating attributes.
7
grid scale solar
energy storage
wind
Conventional generation
electric vehicles
smart homes
Slide 7
To keep the system reliable, the ISO must match supply and demand instantaneously.
Slide 8
The ISO reacts to the instantaneous changes in electricity demand to maintain reliability.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000Electricity demand (load) changes over the day
Load
Hour
Slide 9
The ISO must also react to variability in wind and solar energy production.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000Solar
Electricity demand (load) and wind and solar output changes over the dayLoad
Hour
Wind
Slide 10
The ISO must manage to the net load curve by controlling resources.
0
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
1,000
SolarLoad
Wind
Net Load
Hour
Net load captures variability from electricity demand and wind and solar output
Slide 11
The ISO needs flexible resources to manage reliability of the future grid.
0
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
Net Load
Hour
One measure of flexibility is ability to change output over a short time
6,700 MW in 3-hours
7,000 MW in 3-hours
12,700 MW in 3-hours
Slide 12
California’s success is driving the need for smarter grid applications.
Flexible generation
Non-generation capability •Demand response•Energy storage•Targeted energy efficiency
Better forecasts
Better visibility
Technology pilots
Improved regional coordination
Slide 13
A diverse resource mix can meet the needs of the future grid.
Resource type
Traditional Use
Future grid Value
Conventional generation
BaseloadPeaking
• Ability to start and stop frequently
• Low minimum operating levels
• Supports ramping needs• Mitigates overgeneration
Renewable generation
Must take • Ability to modify output
• Decreases ramping needs• Provides voltage support
Demand response
Emergency • Frequent, short duration events
• Automated response
• Defers or offsets generation or transmission investment
• Mitigates overgeneration
Energy storage
Peak-shifting • Ability to start and stop frequently
• Frequent, short duration events
• Supports ramping needs• Mitigates overgeneration• Provides frequency
response
Electric vehicles
Not applicable • Frequent, short duration events
• Automated response
• Mitigates overgeneration• Provides frequency
response
Slide 14
Page 15
PacifiCorp will pay the ISO for 5-minute automated balancing services.
California and PacifiCorp ratepayers will benefit from automated optimization of generation dispatch.
Enables higher levels of renewable integration at lower cost.
California smart technology will benefit ratepayers and improve renewable integration in the West.
Reality of Southern California’s Grid post-San OnofreDetails • San Onofre represented 16% of local generation or ~1.4 million
homes• More importantly its location was on a critical transmission path that
was crucial to voltage support
Challenge • Once through cooling retirement timeline of 5,000 MW • Annual load growth of 400 MW• Difficult to move limited energy to load without adequate voltage
support
Page 16
Summary of staff approach
Requirements: • Maintain reliability – Number 1 priority
• Establish a common understanding
Approach:• Utilize existing processes to get final decisions on long-term solutions by
mid-year 2014. Solutions could include:
− 50% of incremental need from energy efficiency, demand response, distributed generation, and storage.
− Authorize transmission upgrades to reduce needs
− Authorize conventional resources where preferred resources and transmission development is insufficient
− Establish contingency plans to address key risks
− Manage critical risks for air permits, transmission siting, preferred resource deployment/effectiveness, natural gas supply
Page 17
San Onofre closure causes reliability problems in Southern California because Los Angeles and San Diego are load pockets with limited options
• All three characteristics are needed – not all resources can provide.
• Compliance with once-through cooling schedule compounds the issues.
• San Onofre provided: 2,246 MW in the LA Basin 1,100 MVars supporting voltages between Los Angeles & San
Diego
Real power (Watts) • Runs lights and appliances• Requires correct voltage for
delivery (like pressure in water pipes)
Reactive power (Vars) • Over or under supply of Vars
causes voltages to climb or fall• Local needs must be met locally
Real-time changes (“contingency” response)• System must be ready to
respond to events• Some events are instantaneous;
others allow 30 minutes
Page 18
Expected resource needs and potential solutions
Total load in LA Basin & San Diego:2018 = 27,500 MW2022 = 29,000 MW
*1,800 MW authorized•May include additional preferred resources•Transmission could further reduce need
Page 19
Specific near term actions (2013 - 2018)
CPUCCECISO
Page 20
Ensuring reliability 2019 & beyond
CPUC•Authorize additional resources thru LTPP and other proceedings, including EE, DR, DG, storage
• Direct SDG&E and SCE to pursue contingency permits in Northern San Diego County and LA Basin that will be competitively bid to independent generation developers
• Address potential need for gas infrastructure in San Diego
CEC•Conduct siting review of contingency generation
•Establish contingency approach to OTC compliance deadlines in consultation with the State Water Resources Control Board
ISO•Consider transmission alternatives - AC, DC, sub-marine cables
•Monitor system upgrades in collaboration with the CEC and CPUC
•Trigger contingency backups
Page 21
Commitment to Preferred Resources
• CPUC will seek to add 800 MW to 1000 MW of Distributed Generation, Demand Response, Efficiency, and storage on top of the 3,000 MW already targeted for the state. This commitment has several key challenges. – The additional resources will need to be
geographically located – Resource mix will need to be established so that it
offsets need for voltage support– Timing is critical.
Page 22
The Grid of the Future
Greener, smarter and more secure electric future
Wind and solar capacity nearly doubles by year 2020
Diverse, flexible resources key to reliability
Improved regional coordination
23
Changing usage patterns
Page 24
Smart technologies help consumers manage bills
Nighttime electric vehicle charging expands
Electricity usage harder to forecast
Electric light-duty vehicles increasing
Electric mass transportation (including people movers) increasing
24
For more information go to www.caiso.com
Page 25
Sign up to receive Flex Alert notices via twitter or RSS feed
@CalifornialSO
Or download ISO Today to monitor ISO real-time power grid conditions, receive alerts and track calendar events
To subscribe, simply copy and paste the link to the RSS feed you are interested in into your feed reader or news aggregator software
Go to flexalert.org for more information
Thank you
Slide 26