G4 Apps

The Impact of Connected Vehicles on Traffic

Operations

ISMA Traffic ExpoOctober 1, 2014

G4 AppsAgenda

• Traffic management objectives• Vehicles: connected,

autonomous• USDOT CV Program,

applications• More immediate applications• Key trends, responsibilities• Ideas for action• Discussion

G4 AppsAre we done?

Source: Google

G4 AppsThings are Happening

G4 AppsIn Canada Too

• BC and Alberta CV Test Beds• CCMTA – regulation, drivers, data• Insurance Bureau Canada• Ontario Policy on testing AVs on Ontario

roads

G4 Apps

Autonomous Vehicles and Connectivity

G4 Apps

Traffic Management Objectives

Mobility

SustainabilitySafety

G4 Apps

ApplicationServers

Connected Vehicles Eco-system

Road Network,System

Authentication

Map, GIS

,

``data describing the operation of the system will originate with an operating agency or its service provider partners and contractors``

G4 Apps

ApplicationServers

Connected Vehicles Eco-system

Road Network,System

Authentication

Map, GIS

,

``data describing the operation of the system will originate with an operating agency or its service provider partners and contractors``

Agency

Industry

http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/52000/52600/52602/FHWA-JPO-14-125_v2.pdf

G4 Apps

Some Urban Traffic Applications

• Red Light Violation Warning and Stop Sign Violation• Driver Gap Assist at Signalized Intersections and Stop Signs• Motorist Advisories and Warnings (emergencies, weather, variable

speeds, queue, speed zone, work zone, oversize vehicle)• Active Traffic Management (lane control, dynamic speed

harmonization, cooperative adaptive cruise control)• Advanced Traveler Information System (dynamic route guidance,

travel time)• Multimodal Intelligent Traffic Signal Systems (freight signal priority,

intelligent traffic signal system, transit signal priority, pedestrian mobility, emergency vehicle pre-emption)

• Integrated Dynamic Transit Operations (Connection Protection, Dynamic Transit Operations, Dynamic Ridesharing)

• Integrated Dynamic Multimodal Operations• Origin-Destination (with opt-in permissions or anonymization), Traffic

Model Baselining & Predictive Traffic Studies• Eco-Signal Operations (approach and departure, traffic signal timing,

transit signal priority, freight signal priority, connected eco-driving)

G4 Apps

Capabilities, Awareness• Vehicles have GPS, DSRC,

(…cellular data), processors, driver interface, vehicle interface

• Infrastructure has intelligence, DSRC, SPaT (CICAS)

• Maps, assets, conditions

Actions• Each vehicle broadcasts location, heading, speed and more every 100ms• Each vehicle receives messages from other vehicles and infrastructure• On Board Unit (OBU) calculates collisions etc., warns driver, other actions

Real Time Safety

G4 Apps

Traffic Signal Violation Warning

The in-vehicle system will use information communicated from infrastructure located at traffic signals to determine if a warning should be given to the driver. The communicated information would include traffic signal status and timing, traffic signal stopping location or distance information, and directionality. The type of road surface and weather conditions near the traffic signal may also be communicated as this could be used to better estimate braking distance.

G4 AppsIntersection Collision Warning

Infrastructure sensors and/or DSRC communications can be used to detect all vehicles, their position, velocity, acceleration, and turning status while approaching an intersection. Weather status and the road shape/surface type can be variables for calculating the likelihood of a collision. The infrastructure unit or the in-vehicle unit determines when a collision is imminent and issues a warning to either a specific vehicle or all drivers in the vicinity, depending on the warning strategy.

G4 AppsAdaptive Traffic Signal Control

14

• Reduced need for dedicated traffic sensors• CVs provide much broader range of data• Enables new control strategies such as:

• Dilemma zone (dynamic amber duration)• Enhanced coordination (platoon tracking)• Queue balancing/spillback control• Transit priority• Integration with dynamic lane markings• Traveller information

30% of fatal collisions and more than 50% of personal injury collisions occur at intersections or are related to intersection operations

68% of collisions involving bicyclists occurred at intersections

G4 Apps

Traffic Signals:Eco-Driving

How it Works• Collects SPaT second by second from central server (cellular or DSRC)• Calculates optimum speeds for drivers and informs• Context aware –e.g. traffic speed

Potential Benefits• Reduced energy use: 20-35%• Reduced noise• Reduced pollutants ● CO2 20-35% ● CO 20-30% ● HC 15-20% ● NOx 55-60%

G4 Apps

Dynamic Signal Control for Vehicles and

Pedestrians

G4 AppsPrivacy

• For some applications the more data you have the more real time you can manage

• Cameras, BT readers etc. will become increasing concerns with respect to privacy

• Experience shows vast majority will opt in but want the opportunity

• Hybrid systems while evolve to critical mass data collection – opt in

G4 AppsMoving Forward

• Deliver Mobility– Measure volume, origin destination– Before, after – on every program including coordination– Engage drivers in being part of the solution – alternate routes, times – VMS, in

vehicle virtual signs (visual or audio)– Dynamic– Incident, conflict reduction including with pedestrians

• Engage smartly with existing services e.g. parkopedia• Robust broadband communications throughout network• GIS data – collect it in detail as go – lane level, intersection

marking• Signal phase and timing data

– bring it back to server every second where ever can– Insist that it be exportable in a defined format– Determine policy for data use internally, by other parties

• Controllers – Ask suppliers what plans are for connected vehicles, DSRC– Look at construction projects – by the time they finished should you be putting

in CV oriented controllers

• Municipal vehicles– As sources of data– Economic benefits of equipping –e.g. 10% reduction in fuel use

• Standards: USDOT, AASHTO, MTO, ISMA…