the immigration population in the washington, d.c. region ...€¦ · salvadorans represented 15...

The Immigration Population in the

Washington, D.C. Region and the

Service Needs of Central American

Child and Family Migrants

By Randy Capps

Regional Conference on Advancing Health Equity for Latino Youth & Families

Washington, D.C.

October 5, 2016

Acknowledgments

• Ariel Ruiz, Faye Hipsman, and Sarah Pierce at MPI analyzed the data and wrote the slides for this presentation.

• Colin Hammar and James Bachmeier at Temple University, Philadelphia, and Jennifer Van Hook at Penn State University provided data on the unauthorized immigrant population.

Today’s Presentation

• Immigration trends in the Washington, D.C.,

region.

• Trends in family unit and unaccompanied

child apprehensions in the United States.

• Unaccompanied child and family unit

outcomes in immigration court.

© 2016 Migration Policy Institute

The Washington, D.C. Area’s Immigrant Population

Increased Rapidly until 2010 then Growth Slowed

Foreign-Born Population and Share of Total Population in the Washington,

D.C. Metropolitan Area, 1990-2015

Notes: Estimates of the foreign-born population from 1990 to 2010 are based on the U.S. Census Bureau‘s definition of the Washington

, D.C., Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Data for 2015 reflect the Washington, D.C, area counties that are listed in the next slide.

Source: Migration Policy Institute (MPI) tabulation of data from the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS), and the 1990, 2000, 2010

Decennial Census.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1990 2000 2010 2015*

Pe

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(%

)

Fo

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(T

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Foreign Born Population Percent Foreign Born (%)


About Half of the Region’s Immigrants Lived in

Fairfax or Montgomery County

Total PopulationForeign-Born

Population

Percent Foreign

Born (%)

Washington Region 6,193,000 1,460,000 24%

Fairfax County, VA 1,142,000 360,000 32%

Montgomery County, MD 1,040,000 343,000 33%

Prince George's County, MD 910,000 207,000 23%

Prince William County, VA 452,000 101,000 22%

Washington, DC 672,000 95,000 14%

Loudoun County, VA 376,000 92,000 24%

Howard County, MD 313,000 63,000 20%

Arlington County, VA 229,000 55,000 24%

Anne Arundel County, MD 564,000 48,000 9%

Alexandria City, VA 154,000 44,000 29%

Frederick County, MD 245,000 26,000 11%

Manassas City, VA 42,000 12,000 28%

Fairfax City, VA 24,000 6,000 26%

Manassas Park City, VA 16,000 5,000 34%

Falls Church City, VA 14,000 3,000 19%

Source: MPI analysis of data from the 2015 ACS.

Foreign-Born Population and Share of Total Population in the

Washington, D.C., Region, by County, 2015


Immigrants in the Washington Region Were Less

Likely to be from Latin America than Nationwide

Foreign-Born Population in the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area and

the United States, by Region of Birth, 2015, (%)

Note: The Washington metropolitan area is based on the U.S. Census Bureau‘s definition of the Washington, D.C., MSA.


Latin America39%

Asia36%

Europe/Canada/ Oceania

10%

Africa15%

Latin America51%

Asia31%

Europe/Canada/ Oceania

13%

Africa5%

Washington Region United States


Immigrants Most Likely to Be from Latin American

in Manassas, P. George’s and P. William Counties

Latin American Share of the Foreign-Born Population in the Washington, D.C.,

Region, 2010-14, (%)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Pe

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(%

)

Source: MPI analysis of data from the 2010-2014 ACS.


Foreign-Born Population and Share of Total Population in the

Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area, 2015

Salvadorans Represented 15 Percent of

Immigrants in the Metropolitan Area

Note: The Washington, D.C., metropolitan area is based on the U.S. Census Bureau’s definition of the Washington, D.C., MSA.


Foreign-Born

Population

Percent of Foreign

Born Population (%)

All Countries 1,397,000 100%

El Salvador 207,000 15%India 97,000 7%China 73,000 5%Korea 61,000 4%

Vietnam 53,000 4%

Ethiopia 52,000 4%Philippines 50,000 4%Mexico 46,000 3%Guatemala 41,000 3%

Honduras 38,000 3%

Other 680,000 49%


Estimated Unauthorized Immigrant Population in the Washington, D.C. Region,

by County of Residence, 2009-2013

Two-Thirds of Region Unauthorized Immigrants Live in

the Counties of Fairfax, Montgomery, & Prince George’s

Estimated

Unauthorized

Immigrant

Population

Percent of

Unauthorized

Immigrant

Population (%)

Washington Region 363,000 100%

Fairfax County, VA* 83,000 23%

Montgomery County, MD 83,000 23%

Prince George's County, MD 69,000 19%

Prince William County, VA* 29,000 8%

Washington, DC 25,000 7%

Loudoun County, VA 18,000 5%

Arlington County, VA 15,000 4%

Alexandria City, VA 14,000 4%

Anne Arundel County, MD 12,000 3%

Howard County, MD 9,000 3%

Frederick County, MD 6,000 2%

* Fairfax County, VA includes the cities of Fairfax and Falls Church. Prince William County, VA includes the cities of Manassas and

Manassas Park.

Source: MPI analysis of 2009-13 ACS data (pooled) and 2008 Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP) data by Colin Hammar

and James Bachmeier of Temple University and Jennifer Van Hook of The Pennsylvania State University Population Research

Institute.


Estimated Unauthorized Immigrant Population in the Washington, D.C., Region,

by Country of Birth, 2009-2013

Half of the Region’s Unauthorized Immigrants

Come from the Northern Triangle and Mexico

Estimated

Unauthorized

Immigrant

Population

Percent of

Unauthorized

Immigrant

Population (%)

All Countries 363,000 100%

El Salvador 77,000 21%

Guatemala 42,000 12%

Mexico 34,000 9%

Honduras 27,000 7%

India 14,000 4%

Korea 13,000 4%

Bolivia 12,000 3%

Peru 11,000 3%

Ethiopia 11,000 3%

Philippines 8,000 2%

Other 113,000 31%

Source: MPI analysis of 2009-13 ACS data (pooled) and 2008 SIPP data by Hammar and Bachmeier of Temple University and Van

Hook of The Pennsylvania State University Population Research Institute.



Region.






Top Ten Metropolitan Areas with Largest Foreign-Born Population from

the Northern Triangle, by Country of Birth, 2015

Salvadoran and Guatemalan Populations Largest in

Los Angeles; Honduran Population Largest in NYC

Notes: Immigrant population was rounded to the nearest 1,000. Country populations may not add to the regional total due to rounding.


Northern

Triangle El Salvador Guatemala Honduras

United States 2,879,000 1,352,000 928,000 599,000

Los Angeles 515,000 287,000 190,000 38,000

New York City 322,000 156,000 88,000 78,000

Washington, DC 286,000 207,000 41,000 38,000

Houston 214,000 117,000 40,000 57,000

Miami 135,000 22,000 45,000 68,000

Dallas 95,000 59,000 14,000 23,000

San Francisco 88,000 51,000 30,000 8,000

Boston 67,000 32,000 24,000 11,000

Riverside 63,000 33,000 23,000 6,000

Atlanta 54,000 19,000 20,000 16,000


The Number of Families and Unaccompanied

Children Peaked in 2014 and again in 2016

Apprehensions of Unaccompanied Alien Children (UACs) and Family Units at

the U.S.-Mexico Border by Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 through August 2016

Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Southwest Border Unaccompanied Children, data reported in FY 2012-2016

(through August) http://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-border-unaccompanied-children.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016YTD

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(Th

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Family Apprehensions UAC Apprehensions

http://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-border-unaccompanied-children


Honduran UAC Apps. Fell after the Peak, but

Salvadoran/Honduran Apps. Rebounded

Apprehensions of UACs at U.S.-Mexico Border by Country of Origin, FY 2009

through August 2016

Source: U.S. CBP, Southwest Border Unaccompanied Children, data reported in FY 2012-2015

http://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-border-unaccompanied-children.

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016

Nu

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El Salvador Guatemala Honduras



UAC and Family Unit Apprehensions Have

Increased Since Winter 2016

Monthly Apprehensions of UACs and Families at the U.S.-Mexico Border,

FY2016 (through August)

Source: U.S. CBP, Southwest Border Unaccompanied Children, data reported between January 2015-2016

http://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-border-unaccompanied-children.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16

Nu

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Family Units UACs



• 123,000 unaccompanied children have been released since FY 2014

• 13,000 (10%) have been released in the Washington, D.C., region.

Note: The Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) only releases data on counties in which over 50 children have been released to sponsors.

Source: ORR, “Unaccompanied Children Released to Sponsors by County,” accessed September 15, 2016,

http://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/unaccompanied-children-released-to-sponsors-by-county.

10% of Unaccompanied Children Have Been

Released to Sponsors the Washington, D.C. Region

State CountyTotal Number Released to

Sponsors FY14-FY16 YTD

MD Prince George's County 3,002

VA Fairfax County 2,981

MD Montgomery County 2,669

VA Prince William County 1,189

DC District of Columbia 928

VA Loudoun County 640

VA Alexandria City 520

VA Arlington County 390

MD Frederick County 394

VA Manassas City 214

http://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/unaccompanied-children-released-to-sponsors-by-county



Region.





Pending61%

"Informal" Relief24%

Formal Relief0%

Removal Orders19%

Pending69%

"Informal" Relief2%

Formal Relief2%

Removal Orders28%


Majority of Migrant Children and Women with

Children Cases Opened Since 2014 Are Still Pending

Notes: The data for both figures are not restricted to individuals from the Northern Triangle, though they represent the majority of such

cases. “Removal Orders” include voluntary departure orders. “Formal” relief refers to relief that comes with a simultaneous grant of

immigration status, such as asylum. “Informal” relief refers to cases that have been administratively closed or terminated, meaning the

child is no longer has an active removal case but has not received a simultaneous grant of immigration status. FY 2016 numbers are

through December 31, 2015.

Source: TRAC, “Priority Immigration Court Cases: Women with Children,” accessed September 16, 2016,

http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mwc; TRAC, “Juveniles—Immigration Court Deportation Proceedings,” accessed September 16,

2016, http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/juvenile.

Family Immigration Case Outcomes,

June 2014 through FY 2016 YTD

Juvenile Immigration Case Outcomes,

FY 2014 through FY 2016 YTD

http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mwc

http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/juvenile


Children and Families with Attorneys Receive

Immigration Relief at Higher Rates, FY14-16YTD


cases. “Formal” relief refers to relief that comes with a grant of immigration status, such as asylum. “Informal” relief refers to cases that

have been administratively closed or terminated, meaning the child is no longer has an active removal case but has not received a

simultaneous grant of immigration status. FY 2016 numbers are through December 31, 2015.


http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mwc; TRAC, “Juveniles—Immigration Court Deportation Proceedings,” accessed September

16, 2016, http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/juvenile.

Family Immigration Case Outcomes Juvenile Immigration Case Outcomes

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

OrderedRemoved

InformalRelief

FormalRelief

Ca

se

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tco

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Th

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NotRepresented

Represented

0

5

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15

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30

OrderedRemoved

Informal Relief Formal ReliefC

as

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utc

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(T

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)




Majority Show Up for Court, But Court

Attendance Depends on Representation


cases. * “Other Cases” includes cases still pending as of December 31, 2015, as well as all cases decided in which the respondent

appeared for court. FY 2016 numbers are through December 31, 2015.


http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mwc; TRAC, “Juveniles—Immigration Court Deportation Proceedings,” accessed September

16, 2016, http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/juvenile.

Number of Juvenile and Family Cases In Absentia and Other*, by Representation,

FY14-16YTD

0

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70

Represented Family Not RepresentedFamily

Represented Juveniles Not RepresentedJuveniles

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In Absentia Other Cases




Juvenile and Family Outcomes in

U.S. Immigration Court

• Despite prioritization, cases are pending for years:

• In August 2016 the backlog of pending UAC cases reached 73,649 and the backlog of

family cases rose to 83,949. Together they now account for nearly one third of the total

court backlog.

• Many deportations are not carried out:

• Many are ordered removed in absentia so may be unaware of removal order.

• Some are removed after turning 18, so not counted in data.

• Some who receive informal relief from immigration judges

may remain in unauthorized status:

• In FY 2014-YTD 16 combined, there were 28,061 grants of informal relief for UACs in

immigration court.

• Some juveniles receive Special Immigrant Juvenile (SIJ) or asylum status through USCIS.

• Grants of SIJ are backlogged by several months, while asylum applications are

backlogged by over 2 years in the D.C.-metro area.

For Discussion

• How is the rapid growth of the Central American immigrant

population affecting health and service providers in the

Washington, D.C., metropolitan region?

• What are the specific health, mental health, education, and

other service needs of migrant children and families?

• How strong is the service infrastructure in the major

counties where these populations are located, as well as

outlying areas where they are growing?

• Where have local policies been changed or adopted to

accommodate newly assimilating immigrants? How adequate

are these policies?

For More Information

Randy Capps

Director of Research, U.S. Programs,

MPI [email protected]

For additional information and to receive updates:

www.migrationpolicy.org

For interactive data tools on U.S. and International migration data, visit:

http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.migrationpolicy.org/

http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub?qt-data_hub_tabs=0

the immigration population in the washington, d.c. region ...€¦ · salvadorans represented 15...

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