the ict community presenter: ousman faal prepared by ousman faal1
TRANSCRIPT
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The ICT Community
Internet Awareness
Presenter:Ousman Faal
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The ICT Community
What Is Internet?
• Internet, computer-based global information system. Or the global interconnection of networks. Each network may link tens, hundreds, or even thousands of computers, enabling them to share information and processing power. The Internet has made it possible for people all over the world to communicate with one another effectively and inexpensively. Unlike traditional broadcasting media, such as radio and television, the Internet does not have a centralized distribution system. Instead, an individual who has Internet access can communicate directly with anyone else on the Internet, post information for general consumption, retrieve information, use distant applications and services, or buy and sell products online.
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The ICT Community
Uses Of The Internet
Communication Education Science and technologyResearch Friends & DatingAdvertisementBusinessSportsNewsE-commerceFun & Gaming
The ICT Community
Computer Network
•A computer network is defined as having two or more devices (such as, printers, or servers) that are linked together for the purpose of sharing information, resources , or both.•A computer network allows users to communicate with other users on the same network by transmitting data on the cables used to connect them.
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The ICT Community
Types of Computer Network
• LAN (Local area network)• WAN (Wide area network)• MAN (Metropolican Area Network)• PAN (Personal Area Network)• VPN (Virtual Private Network)
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Local Area Network (LAN)
• Is a computer network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as, home, computer labs, office buildings, closely positioned group of buildings, or an airport.
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Categories Of Network
• Peer to peer network • Client/server network
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WORKGROUPDOMAIN
Wide Area Network (WAN)• Is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e. any network whose communication links across regional, or national boundaries.• A WAN, as the name implies, is designed to work over a larger area than a LAN.• Allows companies to make use of common resources in order to operate.
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The ICT Community
The World Wide Web
World Wide Web (WWW), computer-based network of information resources that combines text and multimedia. The information on the World Wide Web can be accessed and searched through the Internet, a global computer network. The World Wide Web is often referred to simply as “The Web.”
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The ICT Community
Internet connection Methods
• Dial-Up• Broadband• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)• Wireless (Wi-fi)• Bluetooth• Infrared• Cell Phones• 3G
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The ICT Community
(ISP)Internet Service Providers
• These are companies that provides internet access to individuals and companies.• E.g. Gamtel• Unique Solution• Netpage• Quantumnet• Qcell
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The ICT Community
Web browsers
• A Browser a program that enables a computer to locate, download, and display documents containing text, sound, video, graphics, animation, and photographs located on computer networks. The act of viewing and moving about between documents on computer networks is called browsing. Users browse through documents on open, public-access networks called internets, or on closed networks called intranets.
• Internet Explorer• Mozilla Firefox• Google Chrome• Opera• Safari
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The ICT Community
Network Names and Addresses
• To be connected to the Internet, a computer must be assigned a unique number, known as its IP (Internet Protocol) address. Each packet sent over the Internet contains the IP address of the computer to which it is being sent. Intermediate routers use the address to determine how to forward the packet. Users almost never need to enter or view IP addresses directly. Instead, to make it easier for users, each computer is also assigned a domain name; protocol software automatically translates domain names into IP addresses. See also Domain Name System.
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The ICT Community
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator), an address that points to a particular document or other resource on the Internet, used most frequently on the World Wide Web (WWW). A computer user can visit an Internet document by typing its URL into a Web browser or similar application used to access the Internet. E.g. http://www.google.com
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The ICT Community
Protocols
• A protocol is a formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how devices in the internet or network communicates.
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The ICT Community
IP (Internet Protocol)
• IP Address, the identifying number that enables any computer on the Internet to find another computer on the network. It consists of four sets of numbers separated by periods—for example, 123.456.78.90. The IP address, also called the Internet address, is translated into a word-based address—for example, yahoo.com—by the domain name system server.
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The ICT Community
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
• The first part of the URL, the part before the colon, represents the scheme, or protocol, used to retrieve the document. In this case, http:// indicates that the document is a Web page viewable by a Web browser.
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The ICT Community
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• File Transfer Protocol on the Internet and other networks, a method of transferring files from one computer to another. The protocol is a set of rules that ensures a file is transmitted properly to the receiving computer. Any file you download from the internet you have used the FTP protocol.
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The ICT Community
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
• Internet mail transfer protocol: the main protocol used to send electronic mail on the Internet, consisting of rules for how programs sending the mail should interact with programs receiving mail.
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The ICT Community
POP3(Post Office Protocol 3)
• The protocol used for receiving email messages from the internet.
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The ICT Community
Domain Name System (DNS)
•Domain Name System (DNS), a method of translating Internet addresses so that computers connected in the Internet can find each other. A DNS server translates a numerical address assigned to a computer (such as 207.46.228.91) into a sequence of words, and vice versa. A DNS name, written in lowercase letters with words separated by periods, takes the form of [email protected] (for example: [email protected]).•Username is the name or account number used to log in. •Hostname (gmail in the example above) is the name of the computer or company; it may consist of several parts. •Domain Name indicates the type of organization.
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The ICT Community
Common Domain Names
• .com (commercial Profit making organization)• .org (non-profit organisation)• .edu (educational)• .gov (government)• .net (networking organization)• .co.uk (U.K. commercial organization)• .nl (Netherland)• .fr (France)• .gm (Gambia)• .sn (Senegal) etc.
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The ICT Community
Website
• A Web Site is a place in the web that contains web pages of information located on a server connected to the internet. Companies used websites to advertise theirs businesses.
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The ICT Community
Hypertext
•Hypertext, a collection of documents that contain cross-references called hyperlinks, which allow the user to jump easily from one document to another. Hypertext is used extensively on the internet.
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The ICT Community
Search Engines• Search Engine, website that helps users find information
stored in the Internet. A user enters search terms or queries, typically by typing a keyword or phrase, and the search engine retrieves a list of World Wide Web (WWW) sites, personal computer files, or documents, either by scanning the content stored on the computers or computer networks being searched or by index of their stored data.• Search engines are most often used to find pages, files,
news, images, and other data on the Web. Some of the most popular Web search engines include:• Google • Yahoo• Ask• Bing• Wikipedia• Microsoft Network (MSN)
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The ICT Community
E-Commerce
• Electronic Commerce or e-commerce, is the exchange of goods and services or buying and selling by means of the Internet or other computer networks. • E.g. Ebay & Amazon
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The ICT Community
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the standard text-formatting language for documents on the Web. HTML documents are text files that contain two parts: content that is meant to be rendered on a computer screen by a web browser; and markup or tags, encoded information that directs the text format on the screen and is generally hidden from the user.
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The ICT Community
Intranet
• A private network which connects computers within an organization. Only authorized computers at the organization can connect to the intranet, and the organization restricts communication between the intranet and the global Internet. To provide Internet service, the organization connects its intranet to the Internet The restrictions allow computers inside the organization to exchange information but keep the information confidential and protected from outsiders.
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Extranet
• An extension of an organization's intranet: an extension of the intranet of a company or organization, giving authorized outsiders controlled access to the intranet.
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The ICT Community
Social Networks
• These are commercial websites that users register for interacting and meeting new people either for friendship or dating.• Common Social Networks:
• Facebook• Twitter• Badoo• hi5
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The ICT Community
Fire Wall
• Firewall is a combination of a software and hardware blocks unauthorized access to an organization's local area network (LAN). A firewall can reside on the administrative computer (the server) that acts as the LAN's gateway to the Internet or it can be a dedicated computer placed between the LAN and the Internet, so that the network is never in direct contact with the Internet. The firewall also keeps track of every file entering or leaving the local area network in order to detect the sources of viruses and other problems that might enter the network.
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The ICT Community
Electronic Mail (E-mail)
•A system that allows text-based messages to be exchanged electronically, e.g. between computers or cell phones.
E-Mail abbreviation of the term electronic mail, method of transmitting data, text files, digital photos, or audio and video files from one computer to another over an intranet or the Internet. E-mail enables computer users to send messages and data quickly through a local area network or beyond through the Internet.
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The ICT Community
Parts Of An E-mail Address
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Username Organisation Domain Name
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The ICT Community
Emailing Objects
• Inbox- Where received emails are stored.• Sent Items- Where sent emails are stored.• Draft- Where emails that are not yet send are stored.• Deleted Items/Trash- Where deleted emails are
stored.• Junkmail/Spam-unwanted mail: unsolicited mail,
especially advertising.
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The ICT Community
Emailing Fields
• To: used to enter the email address of the recipient.• Cc: Carbon Copy- used to send an email message to
multiple email addresses and all the recipients will see the email addresses of the other recipients of that message.• Bcc: Blind Carbon Copy- used to send an email
message to multiple email addresses and all the recipients will not see the email addresses of the other recipients of that message.• Subject: A description of the message • Attachment- Used to attach a file or document to an
email message.