the icrisat story: simplified version...icrisat watershed story nrm class 29 nov 1 the icrisat...

ICRISAT Watershed story

NRM Class 29 Nov 1

The ICRISAT Story: Simplified

version

NRM class 26 Nov 2006

Land degradation and Drought

• India witnessed widespread drought (> 20%

affected) once in five years in last 123 years.

• 1987 drought affected 300 mill people.

• Droughts specific periods, land degradation

continuous

• degraded land 107.2 MHa 33%

• 75.7 MHa of which only 58 Mha treatable

• even if 1 Mha treated every year it will still take

50 years to recharge all affected areas.


NRM Class 29 Nov 2

The Nexus

DroughtLand

Degradation

Poverty

An Entry PointAn Entry Point

Integrated Watershed Management

Water is the Key-Issue

• 80% of world’s agriculture is rainfed

• Rainfed areas in developing countries are densely populated

• Deplorable high poverty

• Huge unemployment

• Fragile and marginal lands

• Severe land degradation

• Water scarcity

• Drought is a constant threat

Breaking the Nexus of Poverty, Land Degradation thru Watershed Management


NRM Class 29 Nov 3

Watershed as entry point for:

�Increasing productivity

�Improving livelihoods

�Protecting environment

�Empowerment of poor

�Social capital development

Watershed Management:Engine of Agricultural Growth

and Development in Rainfed Areas

• Until 2003-04, 2.466 billion US$ have been allocated for watershed development

• In 1999-2000 GOI declared “National Movement for Watershed Development in India”

• Over the different plan periods, nature and scope of watershed program modified and tuned to encourage people’s participation

Investments and Impacts


NRM Class 29 Nov 4

Journey through Watershed Approach in India

Soil conservation Water conservation Productivity enhancements

CompartmentalHolistic systems

approachLivelihood

improvement

Top down and contractual

Participatory mode

No ownership by farmers

Inequitable benefits

Less transparency

Transparency and vigilant community

Community ownership

Tangible benefits well distributed

Govt. investments Private investments

Eight Arms of Holistic Development

Micro enterprises

Increase in Productivity

DecreasedMigration

Reduction of people BPL

GW Recharge

Growth ofLivestock/Hort/Fodder

Gender Parity

Coverage Families


NRM Class 29 Nov 5

Reduced runoff

Impacts

Improved water levelIncreased productivity

Employment generation

Use of new science tools

A holistic participatory

approach

Continuous monitoring and evaluation

Linked on-station and Off-

station

Empowerment of community

and stakeholders

Mix of individual and community-

based interventions

Consortium for technical

backstopping

Adarsha Watershed, Kothapally, India: A Brightspot (Contd..)

Integrated Watershed Management Model


NRM Class 29 Nov 6

• Increased incomes

12.69

9.49

6.13

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Watershed Non-watershed

Net income ( Rs 1000)

2001 (N=60) 1998 (N=54)

Note: Total variable cost includes family labor


• Increased incomes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Non-w atershed

Watershed

Actual values (Rs 1000)

Crops Livestock Non-farm

37.3

29.244 % 7% 49 %

41 % 11 % 48 %



NRM Class 29 Nov 7

Knowledge-based entry point enhanced sustainable community participation

1970 (119)1460 (62)1330 (47)1160 (29)1190 (32)900Sorghum

1490 (78)1230 (48)1060 (27)1000 (20)930 (12)830Groundnut

1540 (70)1390 (54)1320 (46)1130 (24)1210 (33)900Mungbean

C+NP+

SBZnC+SBZn

Zinc

(Zn)

Boron

(B)

Sulphur

(S)

Control

(C)

3510 (26)*

* % increase over control

4890 (75)4140 (49)3710 (33)3710 (33)2790Maize

Yield (kg ha-1)

Treatment

Crop

Crop

Average grain yield (kg ha

-1)

Control

Average grain yield (kg ha

-1)

MN treatment*

% increase over

control grain

Maize 2800 4560 79

Greengram 770 1110 51

Castor 470 760 61

Groundnut pod 1430 1825 28 * Micronutrients applied: Boron (0.5 kg ha

-1), Sulphur (30 kg ha

-1) and Zinc (10 kg ha

-1)

2002

2003

Micronutrient amendments increased crop productivity substantially

�Land forms

- Broad-bed and furrow

- Cultivation on grade

- Contour plantings

Tangible Economic Benefits to Individuals are Must for Community Participation

�Field bunds/Gliricidia and Vetiver planting

�Improved cropping systems

�Soil amendments


NRM Class 29 Nov 8

Small is BeautifulSmall is Beautiful

27.59-45Sunken pits

8.327-690Mini-percolation tanks

Check dams

Water storage structures

112.238-1480

Average cost

(Rs m-3 of water)

Storage capacity

(m3)

Equitable Water Harvesting Benefits to Small Farmers

Flow of the consortium approach in watersheds

TamilnaduKarnataka

Gujarat

Philippines


NRM Class 29 Nov 9

• Were things all that rosy?

• How long did it take for ICRISAT to get

there?

the icrisat story: simplified version...icrisat watershed story nrm class 29 nov 1 the icrisat...

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