The Hybrid World

Bryon Stremler, P.Eng

Manager, Government & Regulatory Affairs

Toyota Canada Inc.

Outline

• About Toyota

• The Environmental Issues and Toyota’s Commitments

• Identifying and responding to customers’ needs

• What is a Hybrid? Different types, benefits, features.

• Hybrid efficiency

• Myths about Hybrids

• Toyota’s Hybrid Line-up

• Toyota Hybrids in Fleets

• The Future of Hybrid Technology

• World’s 8th largest company

• World’s 2nd largest motor vehicle manufacturer

– 264,000 employees

– Sales in 140 countries

– Manufacturing operations in 27 countries (including Canada)

– 7.974 million units Sold last year*

– ¥21.03 trillion net revenues* (~$US 180 billion)

About Toyota

*(2005/06 Fiscal Year ending March 31, 2006)

Mobility on a grand scale

Challenges, also on a grand scale

The Call to Action

“There is no future for the automotive industry without the promotion of environmental technology. Toyota is

convinced that only companies that succeed in this area will be acceptable to society.”

Fujio ChoChairman, Toyota Motor Corporation

The Reality

• “The new social priorities of the emerging era will call for radically new approaches to vehicles …

• … automakers have to address the issue of co-existence with society, particularly in relation to environmental preservation and safety…”

• Hiroshi OkudaChairmanToyota Motor Corp., Japan, 2004

Toyota’s Environmental Commitment

• Toyota is a world leader in producing advanced technology vehicles that are environmentally friendly.

• Toyota vehicles are consistently among the winners of EnerGuide’s most fuel efficient vehicle in class awards.

• All Toyota Canada facilities will be ISO 14001 registered by the end of 2007.

• Landfill Diversion & Recycling

– Reduced landfill waste by 85% at TCI headquarters

– Recycle 95% of packaging and parts at vehicle processing and parts distribution centres

• Environmental and Community Partnerships

– Toyota Earth Day Scholarship

– Toyota Evergreen Learning Grounds

What Does the Market Want?

A significant and growing percentage of customers indicate a willingness to buy an

environmentally friendly vehicle

If, and only if, all other attributes are EQUAL

or Better

Technology Design Objectives

• Significant fuel economy improvement.

• Major reduction in exhaust emissions.

• No new infrastructure needs (e.g. fuelling stations).

• No perceived difference by customer in vehicle performance, handling, etc.

• A competitive price to encourage adoption.

What is a Hybrid?

“A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle with two or more energy storage systems, both of which must provide propulsion power.”

Paraphrasing of the definitions developed by IEC, SAE and ARB which all require propulsion power from the secondary energy storage system. Note: Many other definitions exist!

IEC – International Engineering Consortium

Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD)

Hybrid Synergy Drive Benefits

CLEAN: Reduced Exhaust Emissions

• Better air quality, minimizes adverse health effects

EFFICIENT: Reduced Fuel Consumption

• Lower operating cost, less CO2, less oil consumption

POWERFUL: More Fun to drive

• Quicker 0-100 km/h, immediate response, increased torque

Combinations of the Above

Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD)

With 4 decades of related research, Toyota has more hybrid experience than any other automaker.

HSD Features

• Idle Stop/Start

• Regenerative Braking

• Electric-only mode (Engine off)

• Power boost

• Self-charging battery

• Low Emissions

• Low Fuel Consumption

Prius History

4.5 4.0

4.7 4.2City Label FC 5.5

Highway Label FC 5.7

12.5 10.10-100 km/h Accel 14.5

Size Class Subcompact Compact Midsize•Japan only•LEV – Low Emission Vehicle•SULEV – Super Low Emission Vehicle•AT-PZEV – Practically Zero Emission Vehicle

Emissions LEV SULEV AT-PZEV

2001-2003 2004Model Years 1998-2000 *

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

CO

2 E

mis

sion

s (k

g/yr

)

Prius Camry Best 2005 Midsize(Diesel)

Midsize Ave (Gas)

Vehicle

Midsize Vehicle Fuel Consumption

4.1

L/10

0 km

5.7

L/10

0 km

7.2

L/10

0 km

8.6

L/10

0 km

Prius: Δ 620 L/yr (Best 2005 Midsize Diesel)

Δ 900 L/yr (Midsize 4 cyl Avg Gas)

Camry: Δ 300 L/yr (Best 2005 Midsize Diesel)

Δ 580 L/yr (Midsize 4 cyl Avg Gas)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

RX400H Highlander Hybrid V6 Average (Gas) V8 Average (Gas)

Vehicle

Special Purpose Vehicle Fuel Consumption

7.8

L/10

0 km

7.8

L/10

0 km

11.9

L/1

00 k

m

RX 400h / Highlander Hybrid

Δ 820 L/yr V6 Avg (Gas)

Δ 1400 L/yr V8 Avg (Gas)

14.8

L/1

00 k

m

Electric cars are NOT “zero emissions” vehicles…

… because power generation creates emissions!

Mining coal Transporting coal Burning coal

Hybrids have the best Well-to-Wheel efficiency today

Well-to-Wheel Efficiency

Well-to-Wheel Efficiency

You wouldn’t choose a university based on cost alone…

Value vs. Price

… why choose a car that way?

GS 450h: 3.5L V6 +electric motor339 hp

GS 430: 4.3L V8300 hp

GS 300: 3.5L V6245 hp

The Hybrid Advantage

Hybrid Myths

• Hybrids pose a threat to first responders The brightly-colored orange wires are heavily protected and run underneath

the floor in the center of the vehicle. Rescue workers can cut through any door or even a window-area without any fear of coming in contact with them.

• Hybrid vehicles need to be plugged-in Never!  You never plug in the battery-pack. The engine and regenerative

braking provide the necessary electricity.

• Hybrid Batteries need to be replaced There have been no failures in service to date and there is an 8 year / 160,000

km warrantee on all hybrid components.

• Hybrids are small and underpowered As explained in the last couple of slides, this is simply not the case. Hybrids

out-perform their conventional counterparts and often come equipped with features not found on other models.

• Electromagnetic Fields in hybrids are harmful to human health EMFs inside and outside of Toyota hybrids are at the same low levels as

conventional gasoline vehicles. Therefore there are no additional health risks to drivers, passengers or by-standers.

• Hybrids are only about improving fuel economy In addition to improved fuel efficiency, hybrid vehicles produce less smog

forming emissions, and offer improved performance.

Toyota Prius

LexusRX

400h

LexusGS 450h

ToyotaHighlander Hybrid

Toyota’s Hybrid Fleet

ToyotaCamryHybrid

Future Hybrid Models

Lexus LS 600h

FTX Hybrid Pickup Concept

Fron

t W

heel D

rive

Rear

Wh

eel D

rive

4 W

heel D

rive

World Firsts

Hybrids in Fleets

• Federal Government is using many Toyota Hybrids in their vehicle fleets.

• Several Municipalities & Government agencies have Toyota Hybrid vehicles in their fleets.

• Taxi & Fire Department Fleets

BC’s Commitment to Hybrids

• The Government of British Columbia currently operates the largest fleet of Toyota Prius hybrids in Canada.

• Recent announcement to purchase/lease only hybrid vehicles for government fleets.

The Highlander Hybrid in theToronto Fire Services Fleet

The Highlander Hybrid was chosen after an intensely competitive bid

process.

It won because of its high performance, its low operating

cost, and its low fuel consumption.

The Prius in Taxi Fleets

North America's Highest Mileage Hybrid 410,000 Km

“Hybrid taxis are the way of the future.”

The Toyota Prius continues to be the vehicle choice of several Taxi fleets across the country.

Test Drive Comparison

Future Hybrid Applications

Toyota's Hybrid TechnologyToyota's Hybrid TechnologyPriusPrius FCHVFCHV

ICE Hybrid Vehicle (Prius)ICE Hybrid Vehicle (Prius) Toyota Fuel Cell Hybrid VehicleToyota Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle

Engine

Motor

Fuel Cell

Motor

Power Control Unit

Power Control Unit

SecondaryBattery

SecondaryBattery

Hybrids can be integrated into all powertrain configurations, regardless of the power source.

The Road Ahead

“I have dreams of producing cars that can go across the North American continent on just one tank of gas, and cars that make the atmosphere cleaner the more you use them.”

Katsuaki WatanabePresident

Toyota Motor Corp., Japan

Thank You

Manager, Government & Regulatory Affairs

Bryon Stremler, P.Eng

TOYOTA CANADA INC.