the human circulatory system
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The Human Circulatory System. Components and Functions. Components of Blood. Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets. Plasma. Makes up 55% of the blood Contains dissolved ions including; Ca, Mg, Na, HCO3 Wastes and nutrients - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Human Circulatory System
Components and Functions
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Components of Blood
• Plasma• Red blood cells• White blood cells• Platelets
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Plasma• Makes up 55% of the blood• Contains dissolved ions
including; Ca, Mg, Na, HCO3• Wastes and nutrients• Proteins (antibodies,
enzymes, hormones, clot factors)
• Water (91% H2O)
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Red Blood Cells
• Most numerous cells • Shaped like bi-concave
discs• Produced in the bone
marrow• Mature RBC’s do NOT
contain a nucleus• Hemoglobin is an iron-
containing protein in RBC’s that binds to O2 and assist in its transport
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RBCs, WBCs & Platelets
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White Blood Cells
• Larger than RBC’s• Produced in the bone
marrow and lymph nodes
• Single or multi-nucleated
• Necessary to fight pathogens (ie. bacteria, viruses)
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Types of White Blood Cells
• Phagocytes (engulf foreign pathogens via phagocytosis)
-Macrophage-neutrophils
-monocytes
• Lymphocytes-B cells (produce
antibodies)-T cells -T4 helper -Killer T cells
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Blood Cell Origin and Differentiation
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Platelets
• Assist in the clotting process• Fragments, contain no nucleus• Made in bone marrow
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Blood Clotting
• Clotting involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions
• Injury to blood vessel-causes platelets to rupture-initiating clotting reactions.
• Prothrombin-Thrombin-• Fibrinogen--Fibrin, which forms a fibrous
mesh at the site of the injury.• The mesh traps blood cells, forming a clot
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Coagulation Pathway
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Transport Vessels
• Blood circulates through the human body within closed blood vessels
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Arteries
• Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body
• Thick, muscular walls to withstand blood pressure
• Rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arteries produced by the heart is called the pulse.
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Capillaries
• Smallest branches of arteries
• One cell layer thick
• They are the site of exchange of materials between the blood and tissues
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDbfkfgc1xk&feature=related
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Veins
• Blood flows from the capillaries into veins
• Veins are thin walled and carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart
• Contain valves that prevent backflow of blood due to the low pressure in the veins
*Blood flow in the veins is assisted by the contraction of your muscles.
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Intercellular Fluid and Lymph• Some of the plasma leaves
the capillaries and bathes the cells. This is called Intercellular Fluid (ICF).
• Excess ICF is drained into tiny vessels called lymphatic vessels. It is then called lymphatic fluid.
• Lymph fluid empties into the large veins that return blood to the heart.