THEHUMANCELL

THECELL-  STRUCTURE&FUNCTION

OFAHUMANCELL-  STRUCTURE&FUNCTION

OFDNA-  GENETICDIVERSITY

THEHUMANCELL-STRUCTURE

•  THECELLISTHEBASICUNITOFLIFEALLLIVINGTHINGSMUSTBEABLETONOURISHTHEMSELVES,BREATHE,ELIMINATEWASTE,GROW,ANDREPRODUCESTRUCTURE•  1-CELLMEMBRANE–aflexiblebarrierthatsurroundsthecellcontent,allowingthecelltointeractwithitsenvironment

•  2-CYTOPLASM–agelaQnousfluidinsidethecellmembraneandoutsidethenucleus

•  3-NUCLEUS–thecell’scontrolcenter(BRAINOFCELL)

THEHUMANCELL-FUNCTION

•  CELLMEMBRANE–a)formsabarrierandprotectsthecellb)facilitatestheabsorpQonofnutrientsc)facilitatestheevacuaQonofwaste

THEHUMANCELL-FUNCTION

•  CYTOPLASM–a)establishesanenvironmentthatishospitableformostcellacQviQesb)includesthefollowingparts:

MITOCHONDRIA:produceenergythroughcellularrespiraQonGOLGIAPPARATUS:storesmaterialproducedbythecellandtransportsittothecellmembraneandoutsidethecellENDOPLASMICRETICULUM:producessomeofthematerialnecessaryforcellacQviQes.Transportsmaterialfromonecelltoanother.RIBOSOMES:producessomeofthematerialnecessaryforcellacQviQesandreproducQon.

THEHUMANCELL-FUNCTION•  NUCLEUS–

a)containsandprotectsindividualgeneQcinformaQon

b)controlsallcellacQviQesNUCLEARMEMBRANE:formsabarrierandprotectsthenucleus.Enablescertainexchangeswiththerestofthecell.DNA:controlsallcellacQvity.ControlsallgeneQcinformaQon.

DNA–STRUCTURE&FUNCTION•  DNA:DEOXYRIBONUCLEICACID

Averylongmoleculeinsideacell’snucleuswhichusuallyappearsaslongthreads.Shapedlikeadoublehelix,locatedinsidethecellnucleusLookslikealadder,andeachrungisformedbyasinglebasepair

DNASTRUCTURE&FUNCTION•  BASEPAIRS–SequencingconsQtutestheindividualsorspeciesgenome.Humanshaveapproximately3Billionbasepairs. ADENINE(A)–THYMINE(T)

CYTOSINE(C)–GUANINE(G)•  GENOME–thecompletesetofgeneQcinformaQonofanindividualorspecies•  GENES–asegmentofDNAthatcontainsgeneQcinformaQonrequiredtocarryoutaspecificjob.25000genesdetermineanindividual’sspecificcharacterisQcs

GENETICDIVERSITY•  GENETICDIVERSITY–

AchievedbyallthepossiblegeneQcvariaQonsofaparQcularspecies.ThegreaterthepopulaQon,thegreaterthegeneQcdiversity.

( 1/4  )↑25000 or1outof1.13x 10↑15000