the holocaust - sokolowskihistory.weebly.com · • holocaust- murder of 11 million people, more...
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THE HOLOCAUSTBig Idea: Power, or Lack of Power, influences people and
decisions Essential Questions:What does it mean to be invisible? What
are the causes and consequences of prejudice? To what extent does power or lack of power affect individuals?
!Objective: Oppression and discrimination resulted in genocide during the Holocaust, the state-sponsored mass murder of Jews and other groups, during WWII (AC 16)
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The Persecution Begins
• Jews Targeted
• Europe has long history of anti-Semitism
• Germans believe Hitler’s claims, blame Jews for problems
• Nazis take away citizenship, jobs, property
• Require Star of David
• Holocaust- murder of 11 million people, more than half are Jews
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The Persecution Begins
• Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass”
• November 9-10, 1938
• Nazis attack Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues
• About 100 Jews killed, hundreds injured, 30000 arrested
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The Persecution Begins
• A Flood of Jewish Refugees
• 1938, Nazis try to speed up Jewish emigration
• France has 40000 refugees, Britain 80000; both refuse more
• U.S. takes 100000, many “persons of exceptional merit” (Albert Einstein, Thomas Mann, Walter Gropius)
• Americans fear strain on economy, enemy agents’ much anti-Semitism
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The Persecution Begins
• The Plight of the St. Louis
• German ocean liner passed Miami in 1939
• Coast Guard prevents passengers on St. Louis from disembarking
• Ship forced to return to Europe; most passengers killed in Holocaust
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Hitler’s Final Solution
• The Condemned
• Hitler’s Final Solution- slavery, genocide of “inferior” groups
• Genocide- deliberate, systematic killing of an entire population
• Target Jews, gypsies, freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, unfit Germans
• Nazi death squads round up Jews, shoot them
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Hitler’s Final Solution
• Forced Relocation
• Jews forced into ghettos, segregated areas in Polish cities
• Some form resistance movements; others maintain Jewish culture
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Hitler’s Final Solution
• Concentration Camps
• Many Jews taken to concentration camps, or labor camps
• families often separated
• Camps originally prisons, given to SS to warehouse “undesirables”
• Prisoners crammed into wooden barracks, given little food
• Work dawn to dusk, 7 days per week
• Those too weak to work are killed
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The Final Stage
• Mass Exterminations
• Germans build death camps, gas chambers used to kill thousands
• On arrival, SS doctors separate those who can work
• Those who can’t work immediately killed in gas chamber
• At first bodies buried in pits, later cremated to cover up evidence
• Some are shot, hanged, poisoned, or die from experiments
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The Final Stage
• The Survivors
• About 6 million Jews killed in death camps, massacres
• Some escape, many with help from ordinary people
• Some survive concentration camps
• Survivors forever changed by experience
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Objective Check…
• Explain the reasons behind the Nazis’ persecution of the Jews and the problems facing Jewish refugees.
• Describe the Nazi’s “final solution” to the Jewish problem and the horrors of the Holocaust.
• Identify and describe the profound and lasting edicts of the Holocaust on survivors
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Essential Question Check…
What does it mean to be invisible?
What are the causes and consequences of prejudice?
To what extent does power or lack of power affect individuals?