The History of MedicineThe History of MedicineThe History of MedicineThe History of Medicine

Lancaster High SchoolMedical Tech Prep 2

Mrs. Carpenter

Lancaster High SchoolMedical Tech Prep 2

Mrs. Carpenter

objectivesobjectives• Define the key terms• Discuss the effects of culture on medicine• Describe how attitudes toward illness are

manifested today.• Identify three common medical treatments used in

the past• Recall theories/practices of ancient medicine still

prevalent today• Discuss the role of women in medicine• Identify five significant contributions to medicine

• Define the key terms• Discuss the effects of culture on medicine• Describe how attitudes toward illness are

manifested today.• Identify three common medical treatments used in

the past• Recall theories/practices of ancient medicine still

prevalent today• Discuss the role of women in medicine• Identify five significant contributions to medicine

INTRO TO THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE

INTRO TO THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE

• SOCIETY IS BECOMING MORE PLURALISTICPLURALISTIC=ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS, OR =ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS, OR CULTURAL GROUPS THAT COEXIST WITH ONE CULTURAL GROUPS THAT COEXIST WITH ONE ANOTHERANOTHER

• MORE IMPORTANT TO KNOW WHERE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE HAVE BEEN DERIVED

• HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH VARIED CULTURES AND BELIEFS

• SOCIETY IS BECOMING MORE PLURALISTICPLURALISTIC=ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS, OR =ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS, OR CULTURAL GROUPS THAT COEXIST WITH ONE CULTURAL GROUPS THAT COEXIST WITH ONE ANOTHERANOTHER

• MORE IMPORTANT TO KNOW WHERE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE HAVE BEEN DERIVED

• HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH VARIED CULTURES AND BELIEFS

CULTURAL HERITAGE IN MEDICINECULTURAL HERITAGE IN MEDICINE

• RELIGION

• MAGIC

• SCIENCE

• RELIGION

• MAGIC

• SCIENCE

RELIGIONRELIGION

• GODS WERE CALLED UPON FOR CURES

• SPECIFIC CEREMONIES, PRAYERS, AND SACRIFICES

• GODS WERE CALLED UPON FOR CURES

• SPECIFIC CEREMONIES, PRAYERS, AND SACRIFICES

MAGICMAGIC

• USED TO CHASE AWAY EVIL SPIRITS

• EVIL SPIRITS THOUGHT TO CAUSE DISEASES AND ILLNESSES

• USED TO CHASE AWAY EVIL SPIRITS

• EVIL SPIRITS THOUGHT TO CAUSE DISEASES AND ILLNESSES

SCIENCESCIENCE

• PLANTS AND MINERALS USED FOR MEDICINE

– MESPOTAMIA, BABYLON, CHINA• PHARMACOPEIAPHARMACOPEIA= A BOOK DESCRIBING = A BOOK DESCRIBING

DRUGS AND THEIR USES THAT UTILIZED DRUGS AND THEIR USES THAT UTILIZED PLANTSPLANTS

• PLANTS AND MINERALS USED FOR MEDICINE

– MESPOTAMIA, BABYLON, CHINA• PHARMACOPEIAPHARMACOPEIA= A BOOK DESCRIBING = A BOOK DESCRIBING

DRUGS AND THEIR USES THAT UTILIZED DRUGS AND THEIR USES THAT UTILIZED PLANTSPLANTS

• ACUPUNCTUREACUPUNCTURE=PIERCING OF THE SKIN =PIERCING OF THE SKIN BY LONG NEEDLES INTO 365 POINTS BY LONG NEEDLES INTO 365 POINTS ON THE BODYON THE BODY

• MOXIBUSTIONMOXIBUSTION=USE OF A POWDERED =USE OF A POWDERED PLANT TO MOUND ON THE SKIN AND PLANT TO MOUND ON THE SKIN AND BURNED TO MAKE A BLISTERBURNED TO MAKE A BLISTER

• ACUPUNCTUREACUPUNCTURE=PIERCING OF THE SKIN =PIERCING OF THE SKIN BY LONG NEEDLES INTO 365 POINTS BY LONG NEEDLES INTO 365 POINTS ON THE BODYON THE BODY

• MOXIBUSTIONMOXIBUSTION=USE OF A POWDERED =USE OF A POWDERED PLANT TO MOUND ON THE SKIN AND PLANT TO MOUND ON THE SKIN AND BURNED TO MAKE A BLISTERBURNED TO MAKE A BLISTER

MEDICAL SPECIALISTSMEDICAL SPECIALISTS

• PRESENT IN EARLY MEDICINE• KNOWN BY

– WITCH DOCTOR– MEDICINE MAN– HEALING PRIEST– SHAMAN– PHYSICIAN

• PRESENT IN EARLY MEDICINE• KNOWN BY

– WITCH DOCTOR– MEDICINE MAN– HEALING PRIEST– SHAMAN– PHYSICIAN

WOMEN IN MEDICINEWOMEN IN MEDICINE

• DECREASED STATUS• ONLY ABLE TO CARE FOR WOMEN

AND ASSIST IN CHILDBIRTH• FIRST FEMALE PHYSICIAN IN

AMERICA– ELIZABETH BLACKWELL 1849

• DECREASED STATUS• ONLY ABLE TO CARE FOR WOMEN

AND ASSIST IN CHILDBIRTH• FIRST FEMALE PHYSICIAN IN

AMERICA– ELIZABETH BLACKWELL 1849

MEDCIAL EDUCATIONMEDCIAL EDUCATION

• RISE IN CHRISTIANITY– EMPHASIS ON SOULS RATHER THAN BODY– A.D. 500 STUDY OF MEDICINE IS

FORBIDDEN, HEALING ONLY THROUGH PRAYER AND DIVINE INTERVENTION

– THROUGH THE NEXT 500 YEARS

• RISE IN CHRISTIANITY– EMPHASIS ON SOULS RATHER THAN BODY– A.D. 500 STUDY OF MEDICINE IS

FORBIDDEN, HEALING ONLY THROUGH PRAYER AND DIVINE INTERVENTION

– THROUGH THE NEXT 500 YEARS

MEDICAL EDUCATIONMEDICAL EDUCATION

• 15TH CENTURY FIRST LICENSING OF PHYSICIANS

– ART AND SCIENCE ARE CLOSELY RELATED• MICHELANGELO-HUMAN DISSECTION• DA VINCI

– -DRAWINGS OF SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, NERVOUS, AND VASCULAR SYSTEMS

– MOST ACCURATE SKETCH OF THE SPINAL VERTEBRAE

• 15TH CENTURY FIRST LICENSING OF PHYSICIANS

– ART AND SCIENCE ARE CLOSELY RELATED• MICHELANGELO-HUMAN DISSECTION• DA VINCI

– -DRAWINGS OF SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, NERVOUS, AND VASCULAR SYSTEMS

– MOST ACCURATE SKETCH OF THE SPINAL VERTEBRAE

TREATMENTSTREATMENTS

• OFTEN CRUDE• RELIED ON MEDICINAL

PROPERTIES OF PLANTS, ANIMALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES

– MANY PLAGUES AND ILLNESSES

• OFTEN CRUDE• RELIED ON MEDICINAL

PROPERTIES OF PLANTS, ANIMALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES

– MANY PLAGUES AND ILLNESSES

COMMON ILLNESSESCOMMON ILLNESSES• MALARIAMALARIA=PARASITE IN RBC FROM MOSQUITO=PARASITE IN RBC FROM MOSQUITO• DIPHTHERIA• TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS=INFECTIOUS LUNG DISEASE=INFECTIOUS LUNG DISEASE• TYPHOIDTYPHOID=FROM UNSANITARY/CONGESTED CONDITIONS=FROM UNSANITARY/CONGESTED CONDITIONS• DYSENTERY• LEPROSY• VENEREAL DISEASE• SMALLPOX• BUBONIC PLAGUE=RATBUBONIC PLAGUE=RAT AND GROUND SQUIRREL BITES AND GROUND SQUIRREL BITES

– HIGH DEGREE OF DEATHHIGH DEGREE OF DEATH

• MALARIAMALARIA=PARASITE IN RBC FROM MOSQUITO=PARASITE IN RBC FROM MOSQUITO• DIPHTHERIA• TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS=INFECTIOUS LUNG DISEASE=INFECTIOUS LUNG DISEASE• TYPHOIDTYPHOID=FROM UNSANITARY/CONGESTED CONDITIONS=FROM UNSANITARY/CONGESTED CONDITIONS• DYSENTERY• LEPROSY• VENEREAL DISEASE• SMALLPOX• BUBONIC PLAGUE=RATBUBONIC PLAGUE=RAT AND GROUND SQUIRREL BITES AND GROUND SQUIRREL BITES

– HIGH DEGREE OF DEATHHIGH DEGREE OF DEATH

CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINECONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICINE

• 19TH CENTURY MADE LARGE PROGRESS THROUGH TWO DISCOVERIES

– ANESTHESIA FOR PAIN– BACTERIA CAUSES DISEASE

• ASEPSISASEPSIS=ABSENCE OF PATHOGENS=ABSENCE OF PATHOGENS– IS IMPORTANT IN REDUCING INFECTION

• 19TH CENTURY MADE LARGE PROGRESS THROUGH TWO DISCOVERIES

– ANESTHESIA FOR PAIN– BACTERIA CAUSES DISEASE

• ASEPSISASEPSIS=ABSENCE OF PATHOGENS=ABSENCE OF PATHOGENS– IS IMPORTANT IN REDUCING INFECTION

CONTRIBUTORS TO MEDICINECONTRIBUTORS TO MEDICINE

• LOUIS PASTEUR• JOSEPH LISTER• ROBERT KOCH• EDWARD JENNER• JONAS SALK AND SABIN• BANTING AND BEST• RENE LAENNEC

• LOUIS PASTEUR• JOSEPH LISTER• ROBERT KOCH• EDWARD JENNER• JONAS SALK AND SABIN• BANTING AND BEST• RENE LAENNEC

• WILHELM ROENTGEN• ELIZABETH ANDERSON• CLARA BARTON• FLORENCE

NIGHTINGALE• ALEXANDEER FLEMING• ELIZABETH BLACKWELL

• WILHELM ROENTGEN• ELIZABETH ANDERSON• CLARA BARTON• FLORENCE

NIGHTINGALE• ALEXANDEER FLEMING• ELIZABETH BLACKWELL

KEY TERMSKEY TERMSKEY TERMSKEY TERMS

PLURALISTICPLURALISTIC

PHARMACOPEIAPHARMACOPEIA

ACUPUNCTUREACUPUNCTURE

MOXIBUSTIONMOXIBUSTION

MALARIAMALARIA

TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS

TYPHOIDTYPHOID

BUBONIC PLAGUEBUBONIC PLAGUE

ASEPSISASEPSIS

PLURALISTICPLURALISTIC

PHARMACOPEIAPHARMACOPEIA

ACUPUNCTUREACUPUNCTURE

MOXIBUSTIONMOXIBUSTION

MALARIAMALARIA

TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS

TYPHOIDTYPHOID

BUBONIC PLAGUEBUBONIC PLAGUE

ASEPSISASEPSIS

APPLICATIONAPPLICATION

• CHOOSE A PERSON FROM THE LIST MENTIONED IN CLASS AND WRITE A 1-2 PAGE PAPER AND GIVE A 10 MINUTE PRESENTATION

• PAPER CONTENTS– BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OF THE PERSON – WHAT THEY CONTRIBUTED TO MEDICAINE IN THE

19TH CENTURY– HOW THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO MEDICINE AFFECTS

LIFE TODAY

• CHOOSE A PERSON FROM THE LIST MENTIONED IN CLASS AND WRITE A 1-2 PAGE PAPER AND GIVE A 10 MINUTE PRESENTATION

• PAPER CONTENTS– BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OF THE PERSON – WHAT THEY CONTRIBUTED TO MEDICAINE IN THE

19TH CENTURY– HOW THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO MEDICINE AFFECTS

LIFE TODAY