the herd health handbook for goat producers: biosecurity...

FAMU 006

The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Biosecurity at the Farm Level1Ray Mobley and Carmen Lyttle-N’guessan2

1This document is FAMU006, part of the Goat Herd Health Handbook, a series from Florida A&M University, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 2009. Visit the EDIS Web Site at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.

2Ray Mobley, director, Cooperative Extension; Carmen Lyttle-N’guessan, veterinary care manager; Florida A&M University, College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Programs; Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.

IntroductionBio-security (biological safety and well-being)

is the management practices that prevent infectious diseases from being carried into a herd. The goal of a bio-security program is to stop the transmission of disease-causing agents by preventing, minimizing or controlling cross-contamination of body fluids be-tween animals, animals to feed, or equipment that may directly or indirectly contact animals. Effective bio-security management practices are designed to prevent the spread of disease by minimizing movement of biological organisms and their vectors onto and within the premises. These management practices are based on the principle that it is easier to prevent disease than it is to treat or react to a problem caused by disease.

The advantages of adopting a bio-security program are numerous. An effective program can improve the cost-efficiency of the farm, improve the reputation of the producer, and allow the producer to better maintain the health status of the herd. A bio-security program is one of the most effective means of disease control available, and no disease prevention program will work without it.

Disease: Its Causes and How it is Spread

One of the first steps that must be taken to imple-ment a bio-security program is to learn what causes disease and illness so that it can be prevented. Dis-eases and ill health are the result of bacteria that cause caseous lymphanitis, viruses as in the case of CAE (caprine arthritis encephalatis) and pinkeye, or by parasites such as coccidia and Haemonchus. The spread of disease is multifactorial. It depends on the

immune state or condition of the animal, the environ-ment temperature, equipment, stocking rate, condition of the pasture, etc., and the sources of transmission. The key to a good bio-security program is to break the transmission of disease or minimize its effect. Issues that must be considered in the spread or transmission of diseases in a goat herd are:

1. The introduction of diseased goats or healthy goats incubating the diseases, also known as carrier animals;

2. The possibility of contamination by vehicles, equipment, clothing, etc;

3. Contact with contaminated inanimate objects;4. Proper and timely disposal of carcasses of dead

animals;5. Proper management of feedstuffs and water to

ensure that they do not become contaminated;6. The proper handling of manure; and7. The control of non-livestock vectors (other ani-

mals that can carry and spread the disease such as insects and arthropods).

Aspects of an Effective Bio-security Program

The issues that an effective biosecurity program must address can be quite complicated and diverse as seen in the diagram below (Figure 1). This is because of the many routes through which diseases can be spread. Although the issues that a bio-security pro-gram must address are diverse and complicated, the management practices that are a part of an effective program are usually simple and easy to incorporate into a normal production system.

The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information, and other services only to individuals and institutions that function without discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions, or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A&M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Millie Ferrer-Chancy, Interim Director

Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office.

The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 2

One of the first and most important aspects of a bio-security program that should be incorporated into the management plan of a producer is to know what is normal and abnormal both in the live animal and at slaughter. This requires that the owners and the in-spectors are on the same page. The following diagram is an example of conditions or signs that an inspector looks for in order to decide if there is indeed a health problem. This is also a good list of symptoms for a producer to look for in order to be able to know the health status of his or her herd or individual animals.

Bio-security Measures

1. The following are some measures and practices that should be adopted by the producer to en-sure the safety and health of his or her herd:

2. It is best to prevent problems rather than correct them.

3. It is important that an individual and premises animal identification program is implemented.

4. Keep good records. It is suggested that the re-cords be kept simple. The records should track and validate the different management practices conducted on the farm including the results of routine evaluations performed on the herd (Ap-pendix B).

Other bio-security measures that can be adopted into an effective program are:

1. Attempt to prevent manure contamination by never stepping in the feed bunks.

2. Routinely clean and disinfect feeding and watering equipment, which can be done with chlorine, iodine or Quatenary Ammonia Prod-ucts (QAPs).

3. Routinely clean and disinfect equipment used to medicate animals, especially equipment used on multiple animals.

4. Provide clean area for restraint, treatment and isolation of sick animals.

5. Consult with a veterinarian or animal health personnel on goats with suspicious symptoms or death.

6. Monitor and manage visitor traffic.7. Clean contaminated vehicles and equipment.8. Know health history of herd where new animals

are purchased.9. Know health status of animals brought into

herd.10. Transport animals in clean vehicle.11. Quarantine and isolate new and sick animals.12. Sanitarily dispose of dead stock.13. Have a control program for other animals which

could spread disease (rodents, insects, external parasites, etc.)

14. Control manure and dispose of it frequently.

Healthy Goats Signs of IllnessGood appetite Poor appetiteShiny coat Dull coat, hair falling

outBright and clear eyes Runny eyesWell fleshed Weight loss

Normal body tempera-ture 103.1 - 104.9°F

Fever 105.8°F or higher

Strong legs and feet Lameness, swollen joints

Pink gums Anemic (pale gums)Firm pelleted stool DiarrheaNo swelling in any ex-tremities of the body

Swelling in any body parts

Chewing its cud No sign of chewing cud

Alert LethargicBreathing normal Labored breathingUrinates with no dif-ficulty

Strains or cries when urinating

Table 1. Health Alerts

Figure 1. Diagram of a Bio-security Program



15. Maintain good personal hygiene.16. Be observant.17. Maintain a good client-patient relationship with

a veterinarian.18. Have a sound vaccination program.

Food Safety ConcernsAs food safety is of a great concern to consumers,

it is important that the producer plays his or her part in ensuring that food supply is safe. This can be done by conducting an antemortem inspection of animals before they are sold or slaughtered for human con-sumption. The inspection should determine if there are signs of physical, biological, or mental problems. This is done by looking at the movement of the animal in addition to the skin, eyes, nose, external reproductive system, mouth and feet. The person that is inspecting the animal is looking for conditions such as caseous lymphadenitis, epithelioma, anasarca, comatose, signs that the animal is dying, animals that are not walking normally or will not stand, missing eyes, bloating, the swelling of joints or briskets, respiratory problems, swollen lymph nodes, lumpy jaws, or signs of central nervous system problems. Some diseases that should be monitored include anthrax, rabies, tetanus, foot and mouth disease, scrapies, brucellosis, and goat and sheep pox (Appendix A).

The producer should know a little about the post-mortem inspection. It is usually done simultaneously with the slaughter and dressing process. It is divided into three sections: the head, the viscera, and the rail inspection. The inspector examines and palpates the external surface of the heart. The lymph nodes of the lungs are palpated. The inspector also examines the liver, the bile duct, the spleen, paunch and the intes-tine. Then, the surface of the carcass, the thorax, ab-dominal, pelvic cavity, and the kidneys are examined. He will also look for fecal material.

If it is determined that the carcass has the following conditions, it will be condemned and not allowed to enter the system for human consumption:

1. Anthrax2. Rabies3. Extreme emaciation4. Pneumonia5. Uremic poisoning6. Tuberculosis7. Icterus8. Septicemia

9. Caseous lymphadenitis10. Abscesses11. Fecal material

How does HACCP Work?HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control

Point) allows the producer to converse with his cus-tomers using the same food safety blueprint they are required to use. HACCP works at the producer level as it does for customers receiving on-farm products. It requires the producer to conduct a hazard analysis to determine what significant hazards can occur at the farm level. This must be done in order to plan for and execute a program that will prevent or control their occurrence.

The framework of a HACCP-based food safety program is possible at the producer level. Although it will require modifications, its implementation can enhance a farm-to-table approach to food safety and increase the confidence of customers purchasing pro-ducer products. This system can also make the man-agement of herd health and other concerns much more user-friendly. Producers are expected to know the role they play in combating food-borne illnesses. Using a sound science-based program will enhance the total food safety approach and give increased credibility to on-farm management programs.

The basic principles of HACCP are:1. To conduct hazard analysis2. To establish critical control points3. To establish critical limits4. To establish monitoring procedures5. To establish corrective actions6. To establish verification procedures7. To establish record-keeping and documentation

procedures

ConclusionBio-security is very important to the entire agricul-

tural industry from the producer to the consumer. The producer that can successfully control the introduction and spread of disease on their farm not only benefits himself but the entire industry. The control of disease cuts down on the cost of medication and treatment for the producer and increases the confidence of the consumer in the safety and wholesomeness of the products that are produced by the industry. A good bio-security program is essential to this success.



Although a good biosecurity program must address many issues, it can still be simple and effective at the same time. The implementation of a program that focuses on prevention of disease includes an individual and premises identification program; tracks and vali-dates management practices; keeps the environment sanitary; prevents cross-contamination between clean, healthy, sick and dead goats; and includes routine evaluations that should effectively control the spread and introduction of disease.

References:Merck & Company, Inc. (2008). Biosecurity: Goats. The Merck Veterinary Manual, http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp, Received July 22, 2009.http://www.jackmauldin.com/diseases.htm. Re-ceived August 12, 2009.Pugh, D. G. (2002). Sheep and goat medicine, 1st ed. pp. 210-211 & 397-398. Saunders, Philadelphia.Steveson, K. E., & Bernard, D. T. (1995). Establish-ing hazard analysis critical control point program: A workshop manual 2nd ed. The food processors institute 1350 I Street, N.W., Suite 300 Washing-ton, D. C. 20005-3305.



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angs

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ft fla

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ay g

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ome-

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m

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onta

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et-

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caus

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y th

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Clo

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deat

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bef

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the

owne

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iced

any

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ptom

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ario

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arts

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ody.

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the

leg

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invo

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he b

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hip

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pres

sed

with

the

hand

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resp

ond

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med

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pe

nici

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iotic

s in

larg

e do

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wel

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ve v

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bin

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abd

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, mis

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laps

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il (6

-8 fl

oz)

for a

n ad

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(2+

fl oz

) for

kid

s.

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k go

at a

bout

, mas

sage

flan

ks.

“Giv

ing

min

eral

oil

is v

ery

effe

ctiv

e in

get

ting

a go

at th

at h

as o

vere

aten

gra

in to

spe

ed th

at

grai

n on

its

way

.

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tabl

e oi

l will

add

to th

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gest

ive

load

an

d ca

use

mor

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rm th

an g

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eral

oi

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not d

iges

tible

, and

I ha

ve u

sed

it w

ith

no p

robl

ems

at a

ll. F

eed

that

is o

vere

aten

fe

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ts a

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ause

s ga

s, a

nd a

cido

sis

to

occu

r, w

hich

can

lead

to d

eath

. The

obj

ect i

s to

spe

ed it

out

of t

here

with

out a

ddin

g to

the

dige

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ad.”

By C

oni R

oss.

Sugg

estio

n fr

om v

isito

r to

Web

site

:

Firs

t Sug

gest

ion-

Mix

som

e ba

king

sod

a in

with

the

goat

s fe

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real

ly e

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take

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ay b

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pto-

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D A

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and

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ake

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all

is o

kay.

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elve

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s la

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mak

e su

re y

ou g

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goat

a p

robi

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to p

ut th

e liv

e ba

cter

ia b

ack

into

the

rum

en, w

hich

will

repo

pula

te th

e gu

t onc

e yo

u cl

ean

it ou

t.

App

endi

x A

. Dis

ease

s-Sy

mpt

oms

and

poss

ible

trea

tmen

ts.


The Herd Health Handbook for Goat Producers: Control of Parasites in Goats 7A

ppen

dix

A. D

isea

ses-

Sym

ptom

s an

d po

ssib

le tr

eatm

ents

.

Dis

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omTr

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Bot

tle J

aw –

Cau

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by a

nim

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in

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lood

-suc

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wor

ms.

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uids

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from

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ls

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flow

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par

ts o

f the

bod

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the

anim

al g

raze

s du

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the

day,

the

fluid

s bu

ild u

p in

the

head

. Ove

rnig

ht,

the

fluid

s m

ay p

artia

lly d

rain

aw

ay fr

om

the

head

.

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ce a

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w w

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swel

l esp

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urin

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enin

g.

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e pa

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ue to

the

anem

ic

cond

ition

bro

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on

by a

larg

e w

orm

lo

ad in

the

anim

al.

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dew

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med

icin

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ay n

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e ef

fec-

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or y

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ay n

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ave

dew

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ed re

cent

ly.

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anim

al n

eeds

to b

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wor

med

with

a

stro

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edic

atio

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times

with

an

11

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ings

. So

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wor

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y ze

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1, a

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ay 2

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mic

, giv

e an

iron

and

vita

min

su

pple

men

t. Th

eir i

mm

une

syst

em w

ill ha

ve

diffi

culty

figh

ting

off i

nfec

tion

so y

ou s

houl

d us

e an

tibio

tics

for s

ever

al d

ays

to h

elp.

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a pr

even

tive,

use

the

FAM

ACH

A© a

p-pr

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and

che

ck th

e co

lor o

f the

muc

osal

lin

ing

of th

e ey

elid

s m

onth

ly.B

ruce

llosi

s –

is a

n in

fect

ious

dis

ease

ca

used

by

the

bact

eria

of t

he g

enus

Brucella

. Bru

cella

org

anis

ms

infe

ct

a go

at’s

pla

cent

a an

d ud

der,

caus

ing

abor

tion

and

mas

titis

.

Mid

to la

te te

rm a

borti

ons,

stil

lbor

n ki

ds,

wea

k ki

ds, r

etai

ned

plac

enta

s an

d in

lo

ng-te

rm in

fect

ions

can

see

lam

enes

s du

e to

arth

ritic

join

ts.

This

is a

REP

OR

TAB

LE A

ND

ZO

ON

OTI

C

dise

ase.

The

re is

no

effe

ctiv

e tre

atm

ent.

If yo

u su

spec

t Bru

cello

sis

in y

our h

erd,

con

tact

yo

ur lo

cal v

eter

inar

ian

imm

edia

tely.

Cap

rine

Art

hriti

s En

ceph

aliti

s (C

AE)

–

Viru

s. In

fect

ious

to o

ther

s.K

nees

bec

ome

enla

rged

, lam

enes

s,

wei

ght l

oss,

har

d ud

der.

Pneu

mon

ia,

chro

nic

coug

h.

Isol

ate

and

rem

ove

anim

al fr

om h

erd.

Thi

s di

seas

e is

pas

sed

from

the

dam

to th

e ki

d vi

a th

e co

lost

rum

/milk

in th

e fir

st fe

w h

ours

of

life.

The

refo

re, r

emov

e al

l pos

itive

doe

s fro

m

the

bree

ding

her

d.C

aseo

us L

ymph

aden

itis

(CL)

– in

fec-

tious

. Bac

teria

ent

ers

anim

al th

roug

h br

eak

in s

kin

or m

ucou

s m

embr

anes

an

d lo

caliz

es in

lym

ph n

ode.

Onc

e th

e an

imal

is in

fect

ed, t

hey

are

in-

fect

ed fo

r life

.

Abs

cess

es o

f the

lym

ph g

land

s. N

OT

ALL

abs

cess

es a

re C

L. Y

our v

et c

an te

st

the

anim

als

to s

ee if

the

absc

ess

is C

L or

not

.

Isol

ate

and

rem

ove

anim

al fr

om h

erd.

Man

y br

eede

rs w

ill ge

t rid

of a

nim

als

with

CL.

So

me

bree

ders

trea

t and

man

age

anim

als

with

CL.

Abs

cess

es c

an b

e la

nced

, dis

-ch

arge

rem

oved

, and

trea

ted

with

iodi

ne

seve

ral t

imes

. Wea

r rub

ber g

love

s an

d re

mov

e al

l dis

char

ge fr

om th

e an

imal

and

its

surr

ound

ings

. CL

is s

prea

d th

roug

h th

e er

up-

tion

of a

bsce

sses

and

oth

er a

nim

als

bein

g ex

pose

d to

the

disc

harg

e. V

acci

ne a

vaila

ble

at P

HL

Ass

ocia

tes,

Inc.



ppen

dix

A. D

isea

ses-

Sym

ptom

s an

d po

ssib

le tr

eatm

ents

.

Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Chl

amyd

iosi

s –

caus

ed b

y an

intr

a-ce

llula

r org

anis

m.

Off

food

, dia

rrhe

a, b

lood

in d

iarr

hea,

ra

pid

wei

ght l

oss,

deh

ydra

tion,

may

sho

w

stra

inin

g in

atte

mpt

s to

pas

s fe

ces,

deh

y-dr

atio

n an

d fe

ver.

You

can

treat

eas

ily w

ith B

ioso

l. D

epen

ding

on

wei

ght,

give

2-5

cc to

kid

s an

d 7-

10cc

to

adul

ts o

rally

onc

e a

day

for 5

-7 d

ays.

An-

othe

r tre

atm

ent i

s w

ith C

orid

liqu

id. M

ix h

alf

Cor

id a

nd h

alf w

ater

and

dre

nch

with

1cc

per

4

lbs

for 5

day

s. D

o no

t mix

mor

e th

an y

ou

will

use

in a

3-d

ay p

erio

d.

Alb

on o

r oth

er m

edic

atio

ns c

onta

inin

g su

lfa

are

avai

labl

e.C

olic

– a

ffec

ts y

oung

kid

s w

hen

di-

etar

y ch

ange

s ar

e m

ade.

Mix

ing

milk

re

plac

er a

t wro

ng c

once

ntra

tion.

Kid

is re

stle

ss, c

ries

out a

nd te

nds

to

stan

d ei

ther

with

its

back

arc

hed

or w

ith

its h

ind

feet

pla

ced

wel

l bac

k.

In m

ild c

ases

, the

pai

n qu

ickl

y pa

sses

and

th

e an

imal

retu

rns

to n

orm

al w

ithin

hou

rs.

If no

t, gi

ve ½

pin

t of v

eget

able

oil

for a

dults

an

d le

ss fo

r kid

s fo

llow

ed b

y 1

glas

s of

spi

rits

in 2

gla

sses

of w

ater

, rep

eate

d ho

urly

unt

il pa

in s

tops

.C

oppe

r Def

icie

ncy

and

Toxi

city

– d

ue

to d

ecre

ased

leve

ls o

f cop

per i

n th

e so

il, fo

rage

s gr

own

on s

oils

low

in

copp

er. C

oppe

r tox

icity

is ra

re.

New

born

kid

s m

ay b

e sw

ayba

ck, d

ispl

ay

mus

cle

trem

ors,

hea

d sh

akin

g an

d te

eth

grin

ding

. In

olde

r ani

mal

s yo

u se

e lo

ss

of a

ppet

ite, i

nsuf

ficie

nt w

eigh

t gai

n, a

nd

wei

ght l

oss.

Furn

ish

loos

e m

iner

als

with

suf

ficie

nt c

oppe

r co

nten

t to

anim

als

year

-rou

nd.

Cys

tic O

varie

sC

ontin

ues

to c

ome

into

hea

t eve

ry 4

-5

days

. She

will

fail

to c

ome

into

a tr

ue,

stan

ding

hea

t, an

d sh

e w

ill ac

t “bu

cky.”

Trea

t cys

tic o

varie

s qu

ite s

ucce

ssfu

lly w

ith

an in

ject

ion

of H

CG

(Hum

an C

horio

nic

Go-

nado

tropi

n, a

pre

scrip

tion

drug

) to

corr

ect t

he

horm

onal

imba

lanc

e. T

hat i

s fo

llow

ed a

bout

9-

10 d

ays

late

r by

an in

ject

ion

of lu

taly

se.

Dia

rrhe

a –

mul

tiple

cau

ses,

i.e.

nut

ri-tio

nal,

infe

ctio

us, t

oxic

ity, e

tc.

Wat

ery,

pos

sibl

y fo

ul-s

mel

ling

fece

s.C

an in

itial

ly tr

eat w

ith P

epto

-Bis

mol

. Giv

e ne

wbo

rn k

ids

3cc

ever

y 4-

6 ho

urs

by m

outh

. W

eanl

ings

and

adu

lts-5

cc e

very

4-6

hou

rs

by m

outh

. May

wan

t to

follo

w th

is tr

eatm

ent

with

a ru

men

stim

ulat

or s

uch

as P

robi

os.



ppen

dix

A. D

isea

ses-

Sym

ptom

s an

d po

ssib

le tr

eatm

ents

.

Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Ente

roto

xaem

ia –

(ove

reat

ers

dis-

ease

). C

lost

ridiu

m p

erfr

inge

ns ty

pe

D b

acte

ria p

rodu

ce th

e po

ison

s re

spon

sibl

e, w

hen

cond

ition

s in

the

dige

stiv

e tr

act d

epriv

e th

em o

f oxy

-ge

n.

Sudd

en lo

ss o

f app

etite

. Dep

ress

ion

and

a dr

unke

n ap

pear

ance

. As

it pr

ogre

sses

th

e an

imal

bec

omes

una

ble

to s

tand

and

lie

s on

sid

e m

akin

g pa

ddlin

g m

ovem

ents

. H

igh

tem

pera

ture

. Ver

y w

ater

y di

arrh

ea.

The

prog

nosi

s fo

r rec

over

y is

gua

rded

in

capr

ine

ente

roto

xem

ia, e

ven

with

trea

tmen

t. Fl

uid

ther

apy

prov

idin

g m

ixed

ele

ctro

lyte

so-

lutio

n w

ith b

icar

bona

te is

indi

cate

d in

acu

te

case

s to

cou

nter

sho

ck, d

ehyd

ratio

n an

d ac

i-do

sis.

Com

mer

cial

ly a

vaila

ble

type

C a

nd D

an

titox

ins

shou

ld b

e ad

min

iste

red.

Ant

ibio

tic

ther

apy

may

be

help

ful i

n re

duci

ng b

acte

rial

prol

ifera

tion.

Ora

l sul

fas

have

bee

n us

ed w

ith

som

e su

cces

s.Fl

oppy

Kid

Syn

drom

e- s

ome

peop

le

belie

ve it

is c

ause

d by

too

muc

h ric

h m

ilk a

nd o

ther

s be

lieve

that

it is

as-

soci

ated

with

e-c

oli.

New

born

kid

s se

em to

do

wel

l for

a fe

w

days

afte

r birt

h th

en s

tart

to s

how

de-

pres

sion

and

wea

knes

s of

lim

bs th

at

prog

ress

to fl

acci

d pa

raly

sis.

Dru

nken

ap

pear

ance

. No

sign

s of

dia

rrhe

a or

el-

evat

ed te

mpe

ratu

re. P

ossi

ble

dist

ensi

on

of th

e ab

dom

en.

Rem

ove

kid

from

sou

rce

of m

ilk im

med

iate

ly

afte

r birt

h fo

r 24

to 3

6 ho

urs.

Dis

solv

e a

teas

poon

of s

odiu

m b

icar

bona

te in

an

eigh

t ou

nce

glas

s of

wat

er. W

ith a

syr

inge

adm

in-

iste

r bet

wee

n 20

and

50

cc o

f the

sol

utio

n or

ally.

Do

it sl

owly

so

the

kid

has

time

to

swal

low

. Rep

eat t

he tr

eatm

ent a

t 1, 3

, 6,1

2 ho

urs

from

initi

al tr

eatm

ent.

Feed

ele

ctro

lyte

s as

alte

rnat

ive

until

retu

rned

to m

ilk. A

lso,

ad-

min

iste

r a w

ide

spec

trum

ant

ibio

tic to

pre

vent

se

cond

ary

bact

eria

l inf

ectio

ns.

AN

OTH

ER P

OSS

IBLE

SO

LUTI

ON

: Tre

at-

men

t is

one-

half

teas

poon

bak

ing

soda

, m

ixed

with

ele

ctro

lyte

s an

d on

e-ha

lf te

a-sp

oon

Pept

o-Bi

smol

.

Rep

eat i

n 6-

12 h

ours

. Not

requ

ired

to p

ull

from

mot

hers

milk

from

this

sol

utio

ns p

er-

spec

tive.

Third

Sol

utio

n –

If th

e ki

d ca

n st

ill w

alk

but

is w

obbl

y, g

ive

2cc

long

-act

ing

peni

cillin

IM.

The

peni

cillin

is im

pera

tive

for r

ecov

ery.

Thi

s sh

ould

wor

k in

6 h

ours

. If t

he k

id is

com

a-to

se, g

ive

5cc

50%

dex

trose

ora

lly a

nd k

eep

war

m. G

ive

the

peni

cillin

and

thia

min

(500

mg

SQ) o

nce

a da

y fo

r 3 d

ays.



Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Foot

& M

outh

Dis

ease

– V

iral d

isea

se

of c

love

n-ho

ofed

ani

mal

s.B

liste

rs o

r ves

icle

s fo

rm in

any

of t

he

follo

win

g pl

aces

: lip

s, to

ngue

, tea

ts, o

r th

e co

rona

ry b

and

of th

e ho

of. T

end

to

beco

me

lam

e an

d po

ssib

ly s

aliv

ate

ex-

cess

ivel

y.

This

is a

REP

OR

TAB

LE A

ND

ZO

ON

OTI

C

dise

ase.

Mus

t be

cont

rolle

d fro

m o

ccur

-rin

g. A

nim

als

expo

sed

to th

e di

seas

e ar

e de

stro

yed.

If y

ou s

uspe

ct F

MD

in y

our h

erd,

co

ntac

t you

r loc

al v

eter

inar

ian

IMM

EDIA

TE-

LY!

Foot

rot –

Fus

iform

is n

odos

us in

fec-

tion

ente

rs th

e ho

of a

nd c

ause

s in

-fla

mm

atio

n of

the

sens

itive

lam

inae

.

Lam

enes

s, m

ild to

sev

ere.

The

re is

a

foul

sm

ell a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith it

. Ani

mal

s ar

e re

luct

ant t

o w

alk.

Hoo

f par

ing

in o

rder

to re

mov

e th

e un

der-

run

hoof

. App

ly a

ntis

eptic

age

nts

in o

rder

to

com

bat a

ny in

fect

ion.

Gas

troi

ntes

tinal

roun

d w

orm

s –

in-

fest

sto

mac

h an

d in

test

ines

suc

king

bl

ood

or re

duci

ng th

e ab

sorp

tion

of

dige

sted

food

mat

eria

ls fr

om th

e gu

t.

Dia

rrhe

a, w

eigh

t los

s, a

nd a

nem

ia.

Dre

nch

with

a d

ewor

mer

med

icin

e su

ch a

s Iv

omec

or C

ydec

tin. D

rug

resi

stan

ce o

f the

pa

rasi

tes

may

dec

reas

e th

e ef

ficac

y of

you

r de

wor

mer

. Con

sult

your

vet

erin

aria

n if

you

susp

ect d

rug

resi

stan

ce.

Goa

t Pol

io –

se

e Po

lioen

ceph

alom

alci

a.In

dige

stio

n –f

ailu

re o

f nor

mal

rum

e-na

l mov

emen

t. A

ssoc

iate

d w

ith h

igh

inta

ke o

f con

cent

rate

d fo

odst

uffs

.

Off

of fo

od, s

light

ly d

ull.

Gen

eral

ly re

cove

rs w

ithin

two

days

. Sod

ium

bi

carb

onat

e gi

ven

by m

outh

may

be

of s

ome

use

if th

ere

is a

tend

ency

for a

cidi

c co

ndi-

tions

to d

evel

op in

the

rum

en. D

isso

lve

25 g

of

sod

ium

bic

arbo

nate

in a

sal

twat

er s

olut

ion

and

offe

r it t

o th

e an

imal

.Jo

hnes

dis

ease

– c

hron

ic, i

ncur

able

in

fect

ion

of th

e in

test

ines

by

Myc

o-ba

cter

ium

par

atub

ercu

losi

s. C

ause

s a

thic

keni

ng o

f the

inte

stin

e.

Loss

of c

ondi

tion,

occ

asio

nally

sco

urin

g,

beco

min

g m

ore

frequ

ent w

ith b

ubbl

es o

f ga

s in

the

drop

ping

s. W

eakn

ess.

Thi

rst

may

incr

ease

.

Non

e. R

emov

e an

imal

from

her

d as

soo

n as

po

ssib

le to

pre

vent

spr

ead

to o

ther

ani

mal

s.

App

endi

x A

. Dis

ease

s-Sy

mpt

oms

and

poss

ible

trea

tmen

ts.



ppen

dix

A. D

isea

ses-

Sym

ptom

s an

d po

ssib

le tr

eatm

ents

.

Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Ket

osis

– la

ctat

ing

doe

is u

nabl

e to

ob

tain

suf

ficie

nt a

mou

nts

of e

nerg

y an

d ke

tone

s ac

cum

ulat

e in

the

bloo

d fr

om th

e in

com

plet

e m

etab

olis

m o

f bo

dy fa

t.

Goe

s of

f foo

d. M

ilk y

ield

falls

. Sw

eet

smel

l in

the

goat

s br

eath

.G

ive

doe

prop

ylen

e gl

ycol

or k

etop

lus

twic

e a

day.

We

reco

mm

end

60cc

dre

nch

in th

e m

orni

ng a

nd e

veni

ng. Y

ou c

an a

lso

crea

te

a m

ixtu

re o

f sod

ium

bic

arbo

nate

with

wat

er

and

30cc

dre

nch

mor

ning

and

eve

ning

. Hel

p th

e do

e up

and

mov

ing

arou

nd d

urin

g th

e da

y, a

nd o

ffer f

ood.

Ano

ther

sol

utio

n: G

ive

her 3

tbs

Cal

f Pac

/Pr

obio

s m

ixed

with

100

cc R

eviv

e (1

bot

tle

50%

Dex

trose

, 20c

c B

-com

plex

, 5cc

B-1

2,

2cc

500m

g/m

l thi

amin

e) a

nd 1

00cc

wat

er.

Giv

e th

e do

e 20

0cc

of R

eviv

e ev

ery

two

hour

s, w

ith C

alf P

ac/P

robi

os in

it. A

lso,

onc

e yo

u ge

t the

doe

aw

ake,

alw

ays

give

cor

n w

ith th

e sw

eet f

eed.

Giv

e he

r at l

east

6-8

oz.

M

agic

(1 p

art m

olas

ses,

1 p

art c

orn,

2 p

arts

Ka

yo s

yrup

) at n

ight

.Li

ce –

par

asite

.In

tens

e irr

itatio

n, ru

bbin

g, b

ald

patc

hes

and

itchi

ng, u

sual

ly d

urin

g th

e w

inte

r m

onth

s.

Lous

e po

wde

r will

norm

ally

con

trol t

he p

rob-

lem

. Ins

ectic

ides

for s

pray

or d

ip re

peat

ed.

Lam

initi

s –

infla

mm

atio

n of

the

skin

la

yers

aro

und

the

hoof

. Oft

en c

ause

d by

con

sum

ptio

n of

a h

ighl

y co

ncen

-tr

ated

or l

ush

fora

ge d

iet.

It m

ay a

lso

be a

ssoc

iate

d w

ith s

ickn

ess

such

as

pneu

mon

ia, m

astit

is, a

nd m

etrit

is.

Lam

enes

s an

d w

arm

feet

. Mov

es w

ith a

st

iff g

ait,

pref

ers

to li

e do

wn

or s

tay

on

knee

s. M

ay a

lso

show

sig

ns o

f blo

at,

diar

rhea

and

toxe

mia

.

Plac

e on

a re

duce

d pr

otei

n/en

ergy

die

t suc

h as

hay

with

a re

duce

d co

ncen

trate

ratio

n an

d so

ft be

ddin

g fo

r lyi

ng d

own.

Pai

n re

lief w

ith

a no

n-st

eroi

dal,

anti-

infla

mm

ator

y dr

ug s

uch

as P

heny

lbut

azon

e is

ess

entia

l. C

hron

ic

case

s ne

ed c

aref

ul fo

ot tr

imm

ing

to re

lieve

pa

in b

y re

duci

ng p

ress

ure

on th

e se

nsiti

ve

area

s.Li

ster

iosi

s –

caus

ed b

y th

e ba

cter

ia

List

eria

mon

ocyt

ogen

es, f

ound

in

soil,

wat

er, p

lant

litte

r, si

lage

and

a

goat

s di

gest

ive

trac

t. B

roug

ht o

n by

fe

edin

g co

ntam

inat

ed s

ilage

, sud

den

chan

ges

in k

ind

of fe

ed, p

aras

itism

, dr

amat

ic w

eath

er c

hang

es a

nd a

d-va

nced

sta

ges

of p

regn

ancy

.

Dep

ress

ion,

dec

reas

ed a

ppet

ite, f

ever

, le

anin

g or

stu

mbl

ing

or m

ovin

g in

one

di

rect

ion

only,

hea

d pu

lled

to fl

ank

with

rig

id n

eck,

faci

al p

aral

ysis

on

one

side

, sl

ack

jaw

, and

dro

olin

g, a

borti

ons.

Adm

inis

tratio

n of

Pro

cain

e pe

nici

llin e

very

six

ho

urs

for t

hree

to fi

ve d

ays,

then

onc

e a

day

for a

n ad

ditio

nal s

even

day

s.



Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Lung

wor

ms

– w

orm

s in

habi

t the

air

pass

ages

and

cau

se in

flam

mat

ion

(par

asite

pne

umon

ia).

Chr

onic

cou

gh.

Dre

nch

with

dew

orm

er s

uch

as Iv

omec

Man

ge, C

horio

ptic

– D

emod

ex c

ap-

rae

inva

de th

e ha

ir fo

llicl

es a

nd s

eba-

ceou

s gl

ands

of t

he s

kin.

Smal

l lum

ps a

re n

otic

ed in

the

skin

. The

y m

ay b

e lik

e a

cyst

or b

ag o

f flui

d.R

EPO

RTA

BLE

dis

ease

. Res

pons

e to

trea

t-m

ent i

s ge

nera

lly p

oor.

If yo

u su

spec

t cho

ri-op

tic m

ange

, con

tact

you

r vet

erin

aria

n IM

-M

EDIA

TELY

!M

ange

, Pso

ropt

ic –

Pso

ropt

es c

ap-

rae

whi

ch in

fest

the

ears

.M

ay c

ause

hea

d sh

akin

g an

d sc

ratc

hing

.R

EPO

RTA

BLE

dis

ease

. Gam

ma

benz

ene

hexa

chlo

ride

and

gam

mex

ane

can

be u

sed.

If

you

susp

ect p

soro

ptic

man

ge c

onta

ct y

our

vete

rinar

ian

IMM

EDIA

TELY

!M

ange

, Sar

copt

ic –

Sar

opte

s sc

abei

bu

rrow

in th

e sk

in a

nd la

y th

eir e

ggs

in tu

nnel

s.

Terr

ible

itch

ing,

ski

n be

com

es ra

ised

, red

an

d ha

irles

s ar

ound

the

eyes

, ear

s an

d no

se.

REP

OR

TAB

LE d

isea

se. I

nfes

tatio

n ca

n be

pa

ssed

to o

ther

goa

ts. I

f you

sus

pect

sar

cop-

tic m

ange

, con

tact

you

r vet

erin

aria

n IM

ME-

DIA

TELY

! Vet

erin

ary

treat

men

t is

requ

ired.

Mas

titis

– in

flam

mat

ion

of th

e ud

-de

r, al

mos

t alw

ays

asso

ciat

ed w

ith

germ

s.

Mis

ery,

udd

er h

ot, h

ard

and

very

tend

er,

appe

tite

lost

, pup

ils o

f eye

s na

rrow

ed to

sl

its.

Ant

ibio

tics,

and

sup

porti

ve th

erap

y.

Mas

titis

(gan

gren

e) –

infla

mm

atio

n of

the

udde

r, us

ually

ass

ocia

ted

with

ba

cter

ial i

nfec

tion.

Brui

sed-

look

ing

udde

r. D

oe s

how

s si

gns

of g

ener

aliz

ed il

lnes

s: d

epre

ssio

n, fe

ver

or lo

ss o

f app

etite

. Gan

gren

e m

astit

is

shou

ld b

e su

spec

t if t

he u

dder

is c

old,

sw

olle

n w

ith a

n ex

cess

ive

accu

mul

atio

n of

flui

d an

d th

e m

ilk is

wat

ery

or b

lood

y.

-CD

ant

itoxi

n -7

cc S

Q

-Pol

y Se

rum

– 1

0cc

SQ

-10c

c Pe

nici

llin S

Q a

nd 5

cc IM

-Ban

amin

e –

1cc/

100l

bs IM

-Fol

low

with

10c

c Pe

nici

llin S

Q p

er d

ay fo

r 5

mor

e da

ys

-If y

ou h

ave

Nufl

or, g

ive

her 6

cc/1

00LB

S

SQ fi

rst d

ay, a

nd 3

cc/1

00 fo

r at l

east

5 d

ays

mor

e.

App

endi

x A

. Dis

ease

s-Sy

mpt

oms

and

poss

ible

trea

tmen

ts.



ppen

dix

A. D

isea

ses-

Sym

ptom

s an

d po

ssib

le tr

eatm

ents

.

Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Myc

otox

in –

“M

yci m

eans

fung

us

and

toxi

n m

eans

poi

son”

– a

poi

-so

ning

of a

n an

imal

from

a fu

ngus

gr

owth

nor

mal

ly in

old

hay

or f

eed.

Exc

essi

ve s

aliv

atio

n, d

epre

ssio

n, a

n-or

exia

, con

vuls

ions

, arc

hed

back

.Va

ries

acco

rdin

g to

the

sour

ce o

f pro

blem

. R

emov

e th

e “b

ad” f

eed

and/

or h

ay fr

om th

e an

imal

s im

med

iate

ly. A

dmin

istra

tion

of a

cti-

vate

d ch

arco

al m

ay in

hibi

t add

ition

al u

ptak

e of

toxi

n fro

m th

e gu

t. M

iner

al o

il m

ay h

elp.

Nav

el II

I – d

irty

env

ironm

ents

infe

ct-

ing

the

nave

l cor

d af

ter b

irth

.Yo

ung

kids

with

sw

olle

n, p

ainf

ul n

avel

w

hich

may

look

red.

Ant

ibio

tic in

ject

ions

. Are

a ar

ound

the

nave

l sh

ould

be

clea

ned

with

ant

isep

tic io

dine

, cr

usty

sca

bs re

mov

ed b

y so

akin

g an

d an

y po

cket

s of

pus

dra

ined

.Pi

nkey

e –

infe

ctio

n of

the

eye

spre

ad

by a

gent

s su

ch a

s fli

es, d

ust a

nd

long

gra

ss.

A w

ater

y ey

e w

ith e

xces

s te

ars

spilli

ng

over

ont

o th

e sk

in. M

ay b

e re

dden

ed a

nd

corn

ea b

ecom

es c

loud

y. A

nim

al s

ensi

-tiv

e to

the

light

.

Flus

h ey

es w

ith 1

cc o

f pen

icilli

n or

an

oxy-

tetra

cycl

ine

opht

halm

ic s

olut

ion

and

give

3c

c ox

ytet

racy

clin

e an

tibio

tic S

Q fo

r sev

eral

da

ys. I

sola

te a

nim

al fr

om o

ther

s to

kee

p it

from

spr

eadi

ng. C

ondi

tion

will

reso

lve

on it

s ow

n in

3-4

wee

ks.

Pneu

mon

ia –

infe

ctio

n of

the

lung

.R

efus

es fo

od, s

tand

s ar

ound

han

ging

he

ad d

own,

sou

nds

cong

este

d, e

leva

ted

tem

pera

ture

, and

cou

ghs

and

brea

thes

ra

pidl

y or

with

diffi

culty

-har

sh lu

ng

soun

ds.

Ant

ibac

teria

l dru

gs s

uch

as o

xyte

tracy

clin

e (L

A-2

00),

Tyla

n 20

0 or

Nax

cel m

ay b

e us

ed.

Ant

ibio

tics

may

nee

d to

be

adm

inis

tere

d by

a

vete

rinar

ian.



Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Polio

ence

phal

omal

cia

(Goa

t Pol

io) –

a

thia

min

e (V

itam

in B

-1) d

efic

ienc

y an

d/or

sul

fur t

oxic

ity. F

rom

impr

oper

fe

edin

g, p

artic

ular

ly fe

edin

g to

o m

uch

grai

n an

d to

o lit

tle ro

ugha

ge.

Exc

itabi

lity,

“sta

rgaz

ing,

” mus

cle

rigid

ity,

unco

ordi

nate

d st

agge

ring

and/

or w

eav-

ing,

dru

nken

ness

, circ

ling,

dia

rrhe

a,

mus

cle

trem

or, h

ead

agai

nst w

all,

and

appa

rent

blin

dnes

s. A

rapi

d in

volu

ntar

y,

osci

llato

ry m

otio

n of

the

eyeb

all.

As

it pr

ogre

sses

, con

vuls

ions

and

hig

h fe

ver

may

occ

ur, a

nd if

unt

reat

ed, t

he a

nim

al

gene

rally

die

s w

ithin

24-

72 h

ours

.

Thia

min

e is

the

only

effe

ctiv

e th

erap

y, a

nd

treat

men

t can

resu

lt in

impr

ovem

ent i

n as

lit

tle a

s tw

o ho

urs,

if th

e di

seas

e is

cau

ght

early

eno

ugh.

Dos

age

is re

late

d to

bod

y w

eigh

t:

Use

500

mg/

ml t

hiam

in. S

tart

with

a g

ram

(1

000m

g) IM

for t

he fi

rst d

ose,

then

at l

east

50

0mg

per d

ay fo

r as

long

as

it ta

kes

for

com

plet

e re

cove

ry. G

ive

10cc

pen

icilli

n or

ally,

and

10c

c SQ

at fi

rst t

reat

men

t. Po

lio

can

be c

ause

d by

pla

nt th

iam

inas

e, o

r bac

te-

ria th

at e

ither

inhi

bit p

rodu

ctio

n of

thia

min

in

the

goat

s gu

t, or

con

sum

e th

e th

iam

in. S

ince

w

e do

nt k

now

wha

t the

orig

in is

, it i

s pr

e-fe

rred

to s

teril

ize

the

gut,

and

star

t ove

r. So

, th

e or

al p

enic

illin

will

kill

the

bact

eria

if th

at is

th

e ca

use.

On

the

mor

ning

of d

ay 2

, giv

e th

e go

at th

e C

alf P

ac a

nd 5

00m

g Th

iam

in o

rally

, an

d 50

0 m

g SQ

. Do

not r

epea

t any

of t

he

peni

cillin

. If t

he g

oat w

ill ea

t, fe

ed h

er. I

f she

ca

nt e

at, t

ube

her o

r dre

nch

her w

ith 1

00cc

of

Rev

ive

(1 b

ottle

50%

Dex

trose

, 20c

c B

co

mpl

ex, 5

cc B

12, 2

cc 5

00m

g/m

l thi

amin

e),

100c

c of

wat

er s

ever

al ti

mes

a d

ay u

ntil

she

can

eat.

App

endi

x A

. Dis

ease

s-Sy

mpt

oms

and

poss

ible

trea

tmen

ts.



ppen

dix

A. D

isea

ses-

Sym

ptom

s an

d po

ssib

le tr

eatm

ents

.

Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Preg

nanc

y To

xem

ia –

a m

etab

olic

di

seas

e of

doe

s in

late

pre

gnan

cy.

Mos

t of t

he n

utrit

ion

is g

oing

to th

e ki

ds. S

imila

r to

keto

sis.

Ket

osis

is

afte

r bir

thin

g.

Leth

argy

and

loss

es o

f app

etite

ove

r on

e to

two

wee

ks, g

ener

ally

in v

ery

late

pr

egna

ncy.

Lim

ping

or s

wel

ling

of fe

et.

Lyin

g ar

ound

not

wan

ting

to g

et u

p.

Sw

eet-s

mel

ling

(ket

otic)

bre

ath.

Ket

osis

st

rips

can

be u

sed

to id

entif

y if

the

doe

is

keto

tic.

Giv

e do

e pr

opyl

ene

glyc

ol o

r Ket

oplu

s tw

ice

a da

y. W

e re

com

men

d 60

cc d

renc

h in

am

an

d pm

. You

can

als

o cr

eate

a m

ixtu

re o

f so

dium

bic

arbo

nate

with

wat

er a

nd g

ive

30cc

dr

ench

am

and

pm

. Hel

p ge

t the

doe

up

and

mov

ing

arou

nd d

urin

g th

e da

y an

d of

ferin

g fo

od.

Ano

ther

sol

utio

n: g

ive

her 3

Tbs

Cal

f Pac

/Pr

obio

s m

ixed

with

100

cc R

eviv

e (1

bot

tle

50%

Dex

trose

, 20c

c B

com

plex

, 5cc

B12

, 2c

c 50

0mg/

ml t

hiam

ine)

and

100

cc w

ater

. G

ive

the

doe

200c

c of

Rev

ive

ever

y 2

hour

s,

with

Cal

f Pac

/Pro

bios

in it

. Als

o, o

nce

you

get t

he d

oe a

wak

e, a

lway

s gi

ve a

lfalfa

, and

co

rn w

ith th

e sw

eet f

eed.

Giv

e he

r at l

east

6-

8 oz

. Mag

ic (1

par

t mol

asse

s, 1

par

t cor

n oi

l, 2

parts

Kay

o sy

rup)

at n

ight

.Q

Fev

er –

a b

acte

rial d

isea

se c

apab

le

of b

eing

tran

smitt

ed fr

om a

nim

als

to

peop

le c

ause

d by

Cox

iella

bur

netii

, a

ricke

ttsi

al o

rgan

ism

. Ani

mal

s sh

ed

the

orga

nism

in th

eir u

rine,

fece

s,

milk

, and

esp

ecia

lly in

thei

r bir

th

prod

ucts

.

Abo

rtion

or s

tillb

irths

occ

ur in

late

pre

g-na

ncy,

but

onl

y w

hen

the

plac

enta

has

be

en s

ever

ely

dam

aged

.

This

is a

REP

OR

TAB

LE A

ND

ZO

ON

OTI

C

dise

ase.

Tre

atm

ent i

s w

ith te

tracy

clin

e.

Plac

enta

s an

d ab

orte

d fe

tuse

s sh

ould

be

dest

roye

d by

bur

ning

. If y

ou s

uspe

ct Q

-Fev

er

in y

our h

erd,

con

tact

you

r loc

al v

eter

inar

ian

IMM

EDIA

TELY

!

Rin

gwor

ms

– Fu

ngal

con

ditio

n.G

rey-

whi

te c

rust

y ap

pear

ance

on

smal

l ar

eas

of s

kin.

Ski

n is

usu

ally

thic

kene

d an

d th

e ha

irs th

in o

r abs

ent.

Gen

eral

ly,

no it

chin

g or

evi

denc

e of

irrit

atio

n. E

n-la

rgem

ent o

f affe

cted

are

as o

ccur

s.

Fung

icid

al p

repa

ratio

ns a

pplie

d as

a li

quid

dr

essi

ng. A

ny o

f the

follo

win

g da

ily fo

r five

da

ys a

nd th

en w

eekl

y:?

-0.5

% li

me

sulp

hur

-1:1

0 bl

each

-1:3

00 C

apta

n

-1%

Bet

adin

e



Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Sore

mou

th -

Con

tagi

ous

Pust

ular

D

erm

atiti

s (O

RF)

– h

ighl

y in

fect

ious

vi

ral d

isea

se to

ani

mal

s an

d hu

man

s.

OR

F is

the

nam

e fo

r thi

s in

hum

ans.

Pim

ples

abo

ut th

e no

se, m

outh

, eye

s,

anus

and

hoo

fs tu

rnin

g to

wat

ery

blis

-te

rs, t

hen

to s

ticky

and

enc

rust

ed s

cabs

. S

wel

ling

of m

outh

and

gum

s. W

ill ru

n a

cour

se o

f aro

und

thre

e w

eeks

. Ani

mal

s ca

n di

e if

they

are

una

ble

to e

at o

r nur

se

beca

use

of th

e so

re m

outh

.

Diffi

cult.

Dre

ss w

ith a

ntib

iotic

spr

ay o

r oin

t-m

ent.

Isol

ate

infe

cted

ani

mal

s. T

here

is a

n O

vine

Ect

hym

a Va

ccin

e ag

ains

t sor

e m

outh

in

fect

ion

for a

ll an

imal

s. G

ivin

g th

e va

ccin

e to

infe

cted

ani

mal

s m

ay re

duce

the

time

to

reco

ver.

We

do n

ot re

com

men

d va

ccin

at-

ing.

Rec

omm

end

letti

ng th

e so

re m

outh

run

its c

ours

e of

3 w

eeks

and

trea

t the

sev

ere

case

s. U

se m

edic

atio

n w

ith C

epha

pirin

Ben

-za

thin

e in

it. T

wo

bran

ds a

re C

efa

Dri

and

Tom

orro

w. C

HX-

Gua

rd L

A g

el a

ntib

acte

rial

agen

t adh

eres

to th

e gu

ms

of in

fect

ed a

ni-

mal

s.Ta

pew

orm

s –

inha

bit t

he s

mal

l int

es-

tine.

Exa

min

atio

n of

the

goat

s dr

oppi

ngs.

Yo

ung

goat

s w

ill pa

ss ta

pew

orm

seg

-m

ents

(loo

ks li

ke g

rain

s of

whi

te ri

ce) i

n th

eir f

eces

dur

ing

the

sum

mer

mon

ths.

An

anth

elm

intic

suc

h as

alb

enda

zole

can

be

used

. Ora

l nic

losa

mid

e is

hig

hly

effe

ctiv

e.

Teta

nus

– in

fect

ion

of o

pen

wou

nds

by th

e ba

cter

ium

Clo

strid

ium

teta

ni

resu

lts in

teta

nus

(lock

jaw

).

A g

ener

al in

crea

se in

mus

cle

stiff

ness

is

seen

, cau

sing

an

unst

eady

gai

t. Ey

elid

be

gins

to e

xten

d ov

er th

e ey

e an

d an

imal

lo

oks

“anx

ious

.” Th

e sy

mpt

oms

get p

ro-

gres

sive

ly w

orse

and

con

vuls

ions

may

oc

cur.

The

goat

die

s be

caus

e it

is u

nabl

e to

bre

athe

.

Goa

ts c

an b

e tre

ated

with

ant

ibio

tics

such

as

pen

icilli

n an

d an

tiser

a, b

ut re

spon

se is

po

or. T

he s

ite o

f bac

teria

l pro

lifer

atio

n sh

ould

be

sea

rche

d fo

r and

whe

neve

r pos

sibl

e, th

e w

ound

or i

nfec

tion

site

sho

uld

be o

pene

d to

th

e ai

r, de

brid

ed, fl

ushe

d w

ith h

ydro

gen

per-

oxid

e an

d in

filtra

ted

with

pen

icilli

n. T

he a

rea

is in

filtra

ted

with

teta

nus

antit

oxin

bef

ore

the

wou

nd-c

lean

ing

proc

ess

is b

egun

to re

duce

th

e ch

ance

that

mor

e pr

eexi

stin

g to

xin

will

be

abso

rbed

dur

ing

tissu

e m

anip

ulat

ions

.To

xopl

asm

osis

– th

is is

ass

oci-

ated

with

a c

occi

dium

of c

ats.

Cat

s be

com

e in

fect

ed b

y co

nsum

ing

unco

oked

mea

t scr

aps,

pla

cent

as,

and

smal

l rod

ents

. Goa

ts b

ecom

e in

fect

ed b

y ea

ting

gras

s, h

ay o

r gra

in

cont

amin

ated

by

cat f

eces

.

It ca

n re

sult

in a

borti

on, s

tillb

irths

and

w

eak

kids

. Red

ucin

g ex

posu

re to

cat

m

ay h

elp

but i

t may

lead

to a

n in

crea

se

in ra

ts th

at c

arry

oth

er d

isea

ses.

No

effe

ctiv

e tre

atm

ent a

t thi

s tim

e.

App

endi

x A

. Dis

ease

s-Sy

mpt

oms

and

poss

ible

trea

tmen

ts.



ppen

dix

A. D

isea

ses-

Sym

ptom

s an

d po

ssib

le tr

eatm

ents

.

Dis

ease

/Con

ditio

nSy

mpt

omTr

eatm

ent

Urin

ary

Cal

culi

(Uro

lithi

asis

) – a

har

d m

ass

of m

iner

al s

alts

in th

e ur

inar

y tr

act c

ause

d by

a d

ieta

ry m

iner

al

imba

lanc

e, u

sual

ly in

buc

ks.

Res

tless

ness

, stra

inin

g to

urin

ate,

paw

-in

g th

e gr

ound

, rec

urre

nt lo

okin

g at

its

own

abdo

men

, voc

al s

igns

of p

ain.

Mos

t tre

atm

ent m

ust b

e do

ne b

y ve

terin

ar-

ians

. Ofte

n re

quiri

ng th

e re

mov

al o

f the

tip

of

the

peni

s. O

r sur

gica

l rem

oval

of t

he c

alcu

li fro

m th

e bl

adde

r and

/or u

reth

ra.

Whi

te M

uscl

e D

isea

se –

def

icie

ncy

of

Vita

min

E a

nd S

elen

ium

.St

iffne

ss, w

eakn

ess

and

trem

blin

g. B

ack

legs

bec

ome

stiff

and

una

ble

to u

se. C

an

resu

lt in

dea

th.

Adm

inis

tratio

n of

sel

eniu

m, t

oget

her w

ith

vita

min

E.

Link

to a

map

sho

win

g co

untie

s Se

leni

um

leve

ls:

http

://tin

.er.u

sgs.

gov/

geoc

hem

/doc

/ave

rage

s/se

/usa

.htm

l.



TREA

TMEN

T R

ECO

RD

Trea

tmen

t D

ate

&Tim

eID

#C

ondi

tion

Trea

ted

Lbs.

Bod

y W

t.Tr

eatm

ent g

iven

, D

rug

Dos

e &

Rou

teW

ithdr

awal

Com

plet

e D

ate

& T

ime

Extr

a-la

bel U

se V

et

& In

stru

ctio

ns

App

endi

x B

. Exa

mpl

es o

f Rec

ords



AN

TIB

IOTI

CS

TREA

TMEN

T R

ECO

RD

ID o

f ani

mal

Nam

e of

dru

gU

sed

for

Rou

te

Am

t.W

/TC

ost

Dat

e gi

ven

VCPR

App

endi

x B

. Exa

mpl

es o

f Rec

ords



DEW

OR

MIN

G T

REA

TMEN

T R

ECO

RD

ID o

f Ani

mal

Nam

e of

D

ewor

mer

Dat

eW

t.R

oute

With

draw

alC

ost

App

endi

x B

. Exa

mpl

es o

f Rec

ords


the herd health handbook for goat producers: biosecurity...

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