The Height of Imperialism

Chapter 21

Colonial Rule in South East Asia

Section 1

The New Imperialism

Unprecedented period of Western expansion into Asia and Africa.

Imperialism The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.

Economic Gain Direct control over raw materials for industrial growth

National Prestige Social Darwinism and Racism

Cultural superiority “The White Man’s Burden”

Colonial Take Over in South East Asia Great Britain

First Western power to take over SE Asia

Singapore Burma

France Vietnamese Empire Cambodia (Indochina)

United States Philippines

Siam (Thailand)

Only remaining free state in South East Asia

Buffer state between British & French

Indirect Vs. Direct Rule

Indirect Rule Local rulers maintained positions with guidance. Used local elites as administrators Convenient, cost effective

Direct Rule Local power base removed and replace with

Europeans Protectorate

Colonial powers did not want colonial possessions to develop home industries Plantation agriculture

Positive Aspects of Imperialism in South East Asia?

Western learning and society shared Modern economic systems Build infrastructure to assist in collection of

resources Bridges Roads Railroads

The United States

Spanish – American War

President McKinley decided to colonize the Philippines

Wanted the land so we could trade with China easier

WARM UP - Read the National Geographic Article “Stanley and Livingstone In Africa” on page 662. Answer the following:

Questions: Why was Henry Stanley sent to Africa? What were two of Livingstone’s reasons for

exploring Africa? What were the main obstacles that

Livingstone faced? How did Livingstone feel about African

slavery? What was done with Livingstone after his

death?

Empire Building In Africa

Section 2

Africa: An Overview

Before 1880 Europeans controlled little of Africa By 1900, almost all of Africa was under European

control

West Africa

Great Britain Gold Coast Nigeria

France French West Africa Algeria Morocco

Germany Togo Cameroon Southwest Africa German East Africa

North Africa

Egypt independence from the Ottoman

Empire, 1805 The Suez Canal

Connected Mediterranean and Red Sea, 1869

. The Sudan

Seized by the British 1898 after 17 years of conflict with Sudanese nationalists

Central Africa

David Livingstone and Henry Stanley

King Leopold II of Belgium Colonized the Congo region of

Central Africa Paid Stanley to set up

Colonies Belgium occupation

Horrific treatment of Africans “Heart of Darkness”, Joseph

Conrad

South Africa

Largest concentrated presence of white Europeans

Union of South Africa, 1910 Only whites could vote

African Nationalism

Assimilation Most European nations wanted to assimilate

Africans into their cultures, encouraging them to abandon their traditional African ones.

Growing unrest among rural poor Emerging middle class

Educated Championing causes of the poor and

oppressed

Note Quiz – Chapter 21

1) What territory did America have in South East Asia?

2) What was the only remaining free state in South East Asia?

3) What is the difference between direct rule and indirect rule?

4) What bodies of water does the Suez Canal connect?

5) Who Colonized the Congo region of Central Africa?Bonus: What are the names of the poems we read in class

yesterday?

 

Summarize the effects of imperialism on Africa. What benefits and hardships did colonization bring the continent? Explain the political, economic, cultural, and technological influences of expansion on both Europeans and non-Europeans.

According to Gandhi: (write the questions)

I am going to collect them later!

1) What does a person who practices civil disobedience do?

2) How does a civil resister act to force?3) Why do you think a civil resister invites

imprisonment and force? (I am collecting this but at the end of

class I have other questions I want you to add to this)

“Complete civil disobedience is rebellion without the element of violence, in it. An out and out civil resister simply ignores the authority of the state. He becomes an outlaw claiming to disregard every unmoral state law… In doing all this he never uses force and never resists force when it is used against him. In fact, he invites imprisonment and other uses of force.”

Mohandas Gandhi

British Rule In India

Section 3

The Sepoy Mutiny

British power in India increased over the 18th century British East India Company

Sepoys – hired Indian soldiers Cause – Bullets greased with cow

fats “First War of Independence” British East India Company’s

powers transferred to Parliament 1876 – Victoria made Empress of

India

Colonial Rule Viceroy

Head of Indian government Appointed by Queen

Pros Stability Honest government Education for upper caste Indians Infrastructure (railroads, telegraph lines, postal service)

Cons Economic: Industry removed Increasing rural poverty; abuse of local officials Food shortages (encouraged to grow cotton) Cultural and ethnic degradation

British Governors in India

British Family with Servants

Nationalist Movement

Upper class, educated Indians

Reform instead of revolution

Indian National Congress, 1885

Mohandas Gandhi Educated in England,

lawyer “Non-violence”

Gandhi’s funeral

Warm Up

Is imperialism bad or good? Explain in detail!

Nation Building In Latin America

Section 4

Climate for Revolt in Latin America

Revolutionary ideas from the United States moved South

Developing Social Classes Peninsulares Creoles Mestizo

Spain and Portugal weakened by Napoleon’s conquests

Haiti

First independence movement in Latin America

Saint Dominque French Colony Slave revolt

1804, Republic of Haiti

Mexico

Miguel Hidalgo Priest Rallied Native

Americans and Mestizos

September 16, 1810: Mob attacks Spanish

Agustin Iturbide Independence, 1821 Declared himself

emperor

“The Liberators of South America”

Simon Bolivar 1810,

Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador

Jose de San Martin 1810, Argentina 1817, Chile 1824, Peru

Independence and Recognition

By 1824 all of South America independent. 1838 – All of Central America independent European Response

Concert of Europe wanted to intervene, but Britain disagreed

American Response Monroe Doctrine of 1823

Troubles Facing the New Republics

Losses during independence wars Border disputes Poor infrastructure Economy based on exports

Imperialism: United States and Great Britain Social Inequality

Spanish American War

Cuba becomes a protectorate Puerto Rico is Annexed “Yellow-Journalism”

Made up stories to sell more papers

Warm Up

If you had a choice, would you choose to be ruled by Indirect rule or Direct rule under imperialism? Explain! And overall was imperialism a good or bad thing? (write a paragraph I will collect it)

Foot Binding

Asian Resistance

CHINA & JAPAN

Britain’s Imperialistic Attempts in China Qing Dynasty declining

Corruption Resistance to Modernization

Increased British interest China Unfavorable trade balance

Britain imported more goods FROM China than they exported TO China

Forced to pay with silver – unprofitable

The Opium Wars Britain sought a new product

to trade in China to even the balance: opium

Grown in India; powerful sedative/pain killer

China declares opium illegal; British respond hostilely

Opium Wars, 1839-1842 Extraterritoriality

Qing Attempts to Modernize

“Self-Strengthening” Western ideas would be

adopted but traditional Confucian values would be kept

Modern military Infrastructure rapidly built Reforms of Guang Xu - “The

One Hundred Days” Bureaucracy European style education Banks Free press

Open Door Policy

The Boxer Rebellion

The Society of Harmonious Fists Upset by foreign intervention Opposed to Christianity 1900 – Roamed China, attacking foreigners;

seized Beijing Coalition of British, French, German, Russian,

American and Japanese troops attacked the Boxers, restored Chinese government.

China in debt to nations that helped

The Last of the Emperors

Sun Yat-sen – Revive China Society

Sun Yat-sen’s plan Military take over Transitional phase Constitutional democracy

Revolution of 1911 Pu Yi, the last Chinese

emperor, removed China declared a republic

End of the Isolation in Japan Tokugawa shogunate had driven

out foreign traders and regulated trade for 200 years

Mathew Perry Delivered letter from Millard

Fillmore asking for friendly relations & trade

Returned for answer Treaty of Kanagawa

Return of shipwrecked Americans Opening of two ports Establishment of U.S. Consulate

The Meiji Restoration Relations with the West was highly

unpopular. The Sat-Cho Alliance

Satsuma and Chosu, samurai warriors 1868 Shogunate overthrown, office of the

Emperor reinstated Mutsuhito

Reign of “The Meiji”, or “Enlightened” Recognized Japan’s need to change in order

to survive.

Sat-Cho Samurai and Supporters

Japan Moving into the 20th Century Study and replication of Western politics Abolishment of feudalism Government encouraged industry Modern military Universal education