the guava plant prof. dr. mohamed s.s. el-boray head of pomology dept. dept., fac. of agric.,...
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The Guava PlantThe Guava Plant
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Prof. Dr. Mohamed S.S. El-BorayS.S. El-Boray
Head of Head of Pomology Dept.Pomology Dept.
Dept., Fac. Of Agric., Dept., Fac. Of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Mansoura Univ.
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Prof. Dr. Mohamed S.S. El-BorayS.S. El-Boray
Head of Head of Pomology Dept.Pomology Dept.
Dept., Fac. Of Agric., Dept., Fac. Of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Mansoura Univ.
Guava PlantGuava Plant
Scientific NamaScientific Nama : : Psidium guajava LPsidium guajava L FamilyFamily: : MyrtaceaeMyrtaceae Common Names:Common Names: Guava, guyava, Guava, guyava, guayavo, goyave, goiaba, guayavo, goyave, goiaba, kuawa. kuawa. OriginOrigin: Tropical Americas: Tropical Americas
Scientific NamaScientific Nama : : Psidium guajava LPsidium guajava L FamilyFamily: : MyrtaceaeMyrtaceae Common Names:Common Names: Guava, guyava, Guava, guyava, guayavo, goyave, goiaba, guayavo, goyave, goiaba, kuawa. kuawa. OriginOrigin: Tropical Americas: Tropical Americas
World Production and DistributionWorld Production and Distribution
World production World production figures are lacking.figures are lacking.
Guava is widely Guava is widely distributed distributed throughout the throughout the tropics, India and tropics, India and Mexico major Mexico major producersproducers
What Is a Guava Plant?What Is a Guava Plant? Guava the "poorman's Guava the "poorman's
fruit" or "apple of the fruit" or "apple of the tropics" is a popular tropics" is a popular tree fruit of the tropical tree fruit of the tropical and subtropical and subtropical climatesclimates..
Trees of most guava Trees of most guava cultivars vary in vigor cultivars vary in vigor and size, bearing habit, and size, bearing habit, and fruit yield, shape, and fruit yield, shape, size, quality, maturity size, quality, maturity season, and storage season, and storage ability. ability.
What Is a Guava Plant?What Is a Guava Plant?
The guava is an evergreen tree The guava is an evergreen tree reaching a height of 3 - 10m. reaching a height of 3 - 10m.
The simple leaves of guava The simple leaves of guava are aromatic when crushedare aromatic when crushed,, are opposite, 10 to 15 cm are opposite, 10 to 15 cm long, long, and 3 to 5 cm wide. with and 3 to 5 cm wide. with prominent parallel veins.prominent parallel veins.
The white flowers are either The white flowers are either solitary or in groups of two or solitary or in groups of two or three, arising from the leaf three, arising from the leaf axils of younger branches. axils of younger branches.
What Is a Guava Plant?What Is a Guava Plant?
The perfect flowers are The perfect flowers are slightly slightly aromatic,aromatic, 25 to 25 to 30 mm in diameter 30 mm in diameter with four incurved with four incurved white petals and a large white petals and a large tuft of white stamens tuft of white stamens with yellowish anthers, with yellowish anthers, are borne solitary or in are borne solitary or in clusters of 2-3 in leaf clusters of 2-3 in leaf axils on new growth axils on new growth from mature wood. from mature wood.
PollinationPollinationSelf-pollination is obvious (60% to 75%) since even isolated trees produce good crop; however, the distribution of cross-pollination by bees, is about 35%. High percent set 60-100% (very high vs. other crops)
The Guava FruitThe Guava Fruit
Guavas are an Guavas are an excellent source of excellent source of vitamin C, vitamin C, vitamin vitamin A, fiber,A, fiber, and also and also contain iron, contain iron, calcium, potassium calcium, potassium and phosphorus.and phosphorus.
TSS range 8-13, TSS range 8-13, acid 0.2-0.4acid 0.2-0.4
The round, oval, or pear-shaped The round, oval, or pear-shaped fruit exudes a strong, sweet fruit exudes a strong, sweet odor when ripe. It may be 5 to odor when ripe. It may be 5 to 10 cm long. 10 cm long. It has a thin, light-yellow skin, It has a thin, light-yellow skin, usually blushed with pink. usually blushed with pink. Under the skin is a layer of Under the skin is a layer of somewhat granular flesh, 3 to somewhat granular flesh, 3 to 12.5 mm thick12.5 mm thick,, which varies in which varies in color from white to near-red, color from white to near-red, with a juicy, acidic and sweet with a juicy, acidic and sweet and flavor. Its and flavor. Its Size 145-235 g
The central pulp, the The central pulp, the same color or slightly same color or slightly darker than the granular darker than the granular flesh, is juicy and flesh, is juicy and normally filled with normally filled with very hard, yellowish-very hard, yellowish-cream seeds, 3 mm cream seeds, 3 mm long, which are long, which are imbedded in theimbedded in the soft pulp. however some however some guavas are seedless.guavas are seedless.
When immature, and until a very short time before When immature, and until a very short time before ripening, the fruit is green, hard.ripening, the fruit is green, hard.
Food Value Per 100 g of Edible PortionFood Value Per 100 g of Edible Portion
Calories 36-50
Moisture 77-86 g
Crude Fiber 2.8-5.5 g
Protein 0.9-1.0 g
Fat 0.1-0.5 g
Ash 0.43-0.7 g
Carbohydrates 9.5-10 g
Calcium 9.1-17 mg
Phosphorus 17.8-30 mg
Iron 0.30-0.70 mg
Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid 183.5 mg
Thiamine 0.050 mg
Riboflavin 0.050 mg
Niacin 1.200 mg
How the Guava Plant is UsedHow the Guava Plant is Used
How the Guava Plant is UsedHow the Guava Plant is Used The raw fruit is eaten as The raw fruit is eaten as
food.food. The fruit is also prepared as The fruit is also prepared as
food in many other ways: food in many other ways: guava jellies; guava juice guava jellies; guava juice and guava syrup.and guava syrup.
There are There are countless countless recipes recipes for using guavas in cakes, for using guavas in cakes, puddings, sauce, ice cream, puddings, sauce, ice cream, jam, butter, marmalade, jam, butter, marmalade, ketchup, and other products. ketchup, and other products.
Medicinal Uses of GuavaMedicinal Uses of Guava The roots, bark, leaves and immature fruits are
commonly used to treat gastroenteritis, diarrhea and dysentery.
Crushed leaves are applied on wounds, ulcers and rheumatic joints. The leaves are chewed to relieve toothache. The leaf extract by boiling is taken as a remedy for coughs, throat and chest ailments; gargled to relieve oral ulcers and inflamed gums; and also taken as an treatment for leucorrhea. It has been effective in halting vomiting and diarrhea in cholera patients. It is also applied on skin diseases.
A combined decoction of leaves and bark is given to expel the placenta after childbirth.
Guava CultivationGuava Cultivation Guava seed remain viable for Guava seed remain viable for
many months. They often many months. They often germinate in 2 - 3 weeks but may germinate in 2 - 3 weeks but may take as long as 8 weeks.take as long as 8 weeks.
Guava is generally propagated Guava is generally propagated from seeds but trees are variable from seeds but trees are variable in both plant and fruit in both plant and fruit characteristics. characteristics.
Guavas prefer a frost-free location Guavas prefer a frost-free location and need full sun.and need full sun.
They cultivate in many soil They cultivate in many soil conditions, but be better in rich conditions, but be better in rich soils, high in organic matter.soils, high in organic matter.
Guava CultivationGuava Cultivation Guavas prefer well-drained Guavas prefer well-drained
soil with pH range of 5 to 7.soil with pH range of 5 to 7. The tree will take temporary The tree will take temporary
water-logging but will not water-logging but will not tolerate salty soils.tolerate salty soils.
The most common tree The most common tree spacing are 3 x 5 m and 5 x 6 spacing are 3 x 5 m and 5 x 6 m.m.
Temperature has a major Temperature has a major effect on growth 15-30effect on growth 15-30°°C C range. Fruit set opt. 24-28range. Fruit set opt. 24-28°°CC
Guava CultivationGuava Cultivation Fertilization scheduled based Fertilization scheduled based
on leaf and soil analysis and on leaf and soil analysis and growth stagegrowth stage
Regular pruning of bearing Regular pruning of bearing tree is essential. tree is essential.
Pruning the tree and Pruning the tree and removing water shoots and removing water shoots and suckers are usually all that is suckers are usually all that is necessary, since the fruit is necessary, since the fruit is borne on new growth.borne on new growth.
Desirable tree shape should Desirable tree shape should be maintained by regular but be maintained by regular but light pruning of unwanted light pruning of unwanted wood. wood.
Guava CultivationGuava Cultivation Since guava bears fruit on new Since guava bears fruit on new
growth from mature wood, it is growth from mature wood, it is important to keep a balance important to keep a balance between the amount of vegetative between the amount of vegetative growth and mature wood to ensure growth and mature wood to ensure production the next season, and production the next season, and maintain fruiting regularity. maintain fruiting regularity.
Thinning in the early stages of Thinning in the early stages of fruit growth increases size of fruit growth increases size of remaining fruits, reduces trunk remaining fruits, reduces trunk breakage, and promotes regular breakage, and promotes regular bearing. Hand thinning is the most bearing. Hand thinning is the most common procedure for guava, common procedure for guava, since chemical thinning agents since chemical thinning agents have not yet been worked out. have not yet been worked out.
Guava CultivationGuava Cultivation
Foliage diseases, root-rot, guava whitefly, Foliage diseases, root-rot, guava whitefly, guava moth, Caribbean fruit fly, mealy-bugs, guava moth, Caribbean fruit fly, mealy-bugs, scale, common white flies, and fruit flies can scale, common white flies, and fruit flies can be problems for the guava.be problems for the guava.
In warmer regions guavas will ripen all year. In warmer regions guavas will ripen all year. For the best flavor, the fruit is allowed to ripen For the best flavor, the fruit is allowed to ripen on the tree, although it can also be picked on the tree, although it can also be picked green-mature and allowed to ripen off the tree green-mature and allowed to ripen off the tree at room temperature.at room temperature.
