The growth of the CCP1921-34

1. Period of greatest growth?2. How important were the Soviet Union?3. When was Mao at his most influential during

this period?4. The greatest triumph for the CCP5. The greatest disaster for the CCP

The GMD Campaign against the CCP 1927-1934

The GMD’s strategy• 5 encirclement campaigns• Started in 1930• Advised by German advisor – General Hans Von

Seeckt • Aim was to besiege and destroy the communist s

oviets in Jiangxi, Hubei and Shaanxi• Build roads to increase military mobility• Blockade enemy by moving peasants into villages

they could control• Building of blockhouses

CCP’s response• Anti-encirclement campaigns• Guerrilla Warfare• Counter-attacking• Use of peasant population to defend their

positions• Internal power struggle. Mao, Zhu De and Wang

Ming the main leaders• Mao prominent leader of 1st 3 campaigns• Wang Ming and Zhou Enlai led the 4th and 5th

campaigns

CCP Tactics1. When the enemy advances, we retreat!2. When the enemy halts and makes camp, we

trouble them!3. When the enemy seeks to avoid battle, we

attack!4. When the enemy retreats, we pursue!

BUTa)GMD troops able to capture Communist villagesb)1 million+ peasants killed or starved to death

The Results

• 1st 4 campaigns won by the CCP• After 3rd campaign Jiangxi declared Chinese

Soviet Republic – Mao as chairman• 1932-33 communists from the cities forced to

move to Jiangxi• Zhou Enlai takes control of CCP with Otto

Braun and Bo Gu• Policy changes in Jiangxi – loss of support

GMD Victory 1934

• CKS headed an army of 1 million• Built blockhouses encircling Jiangxi• The “Three Man Committee” ordered Red Army

to attack forts but lost 60,000 men• GMD marched into Jiangxi• OCT 1934 - after intelligence received TMC makes

decision for 80,000 to escape to base in Yanan thousands of miles away in Shanxi

• “The Chinese Red Army ... Has chosen to march North to resist the Japanese.”

The Long March1934-35

Read pages 57-601.Take notes on Why it took place2.What happened3.Why the CCP “succeeded”4.What were the consequences• Make sure you have mentioned;Zunyi conference, crossing of the Dadu River and

the Great Snow Mountains, the role of Mao.

Long March Propaganda

Mao on the Long March (1937)The Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history, it is

a manifesto, a propaganda force, a seeding-machine. …

The Long March is a manifesto. It has proclaimed to the world that the Red Army is an army of heroes, while the imperialists and their running dogs, Chiang Kai-shek and his like, are impotent. It has proclaimed their utter failure to encircle, pursue, obstruct and intercept us.

The Long March is also a propaganda force. It has announced to some 200 million people in eleven provinces that the road of the Red Army is their only road to liberation. Without the Long March, how could the broad masses have learned so quickly about the existence of the great truth which the Red Army embodies?

The Long March is also a seeding-machine. In the eleven provinces it has sown many seeds which will sprout, leaf, blossom, and bear fruit, and will yield a harvest in the future.