The Growth of European KingdomsChapter 4, Lesson 3

EQ: How is society influenced by changes in political and economic systems?

Chapter 4, Lesson 3: Vocabulary

• Common law

• Magna Carta

• Parliament

• Estate

Nobles vs. Kings

• The domination of society by the nobility reached its high point between 1000 and 1300—the High Middle Ages.

• At the same time, monarchs began extending their power, and frequently led to conflict between kings and nobles.

England in the High Middle Ages

William of Normandy Invades England (October, 1066)

The Norman Conquest of England

• England had been ruled by the Anglo-Saxons (Germanic tribes).

• Nobles had to swear oath of loyalty to William the Conqueror, as sole ruler of England.

• Norman knights were given fiefs by king.

• Existing Anglo-Saxon institutions were adopted and developed by Normans.

o Sheriff’s office and took first Census

o System of taxation

o Expanded Royal courts

• Ruling class spoke French.

William of Normandy’s successful invasion of England impacts Anglo-Saxon culture:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLy1LskT6Y8

The Norman Conquest and the English Language

• Anglo-Saxon and French eventually merged to form new English language.

• Anglo-Saxons (Germanic language)• Norman invasion introduced French, which gradually

combined with Anglo-Saxon in a new English language. – Anglo-Saxon words: sun, moon– French words: justice, prison, service

Social and Legal Systems After Norman Invasion

• Henry II expanded king’s power.

• Common law was introduced.

• King John signed Magna Carta.

o Documented that relationship between king and vassals was based on mutual rights and obligations

o Supported idea that monarch’s power was limited, not absolute

• Parliament emerged under King Edward I.

The development of the social and legal systems after the Norman invasion:

Activity: Reading Graphic Organizer • Identify Important events in France and the Holy Roman Empire

during the Middle Ages. Pg. 73

France in the High Middle Ages France in the High Middle Ages

• Philip II Augustus (r.1180 – 1223)— After a period of French kings with little power, Philip regained control of French territories from the English and strengthened the monarchy.

• Phillip II Augustus fought against English for control of French territories—Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Aquitaine.

Expansion of the French Monarchy

• French monarchy greatly expanded its income and power

• Philip IV: Philip IV expanded the royal offices and improved royal governance.

• He also created a French parliament called the Estates-General by meeting with members of the three estates, or orders—the clergy (First Estate), the nobles (Second Estate), and the townspeople and peasants (Third Estate) in 1302.

Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire

• Western Frankish kingdom’s (Germany) best Saxon king was Otto I.

• Otto the Great brought the Church under German control and was crowned King of the Romans in 962–the Pope wanted Otto to protect the Catholic Church.

• German kings wanted to create an empire.

The Failure of the Holy The Failure of the Holy Roman Empire Roman Empire

• German kings attempted to conquer all of Italy ($$) and unite the German states to create a “Holy Roman Empire” in the 12th – 13th centuries. – Frederick I and Frederick II failed—Italian cities

and Popes resisted German armies. • Eventually, Holy Roman Empire had no effective

control over either German states or Italy. • Effects on empire: The German kings' Italian

campaigns gave German nobles a chance to increase their own power and build small German states under their own control.

• Unlike France and England, both Germany and Italy failed to be unified under a national monarchy.