the ‘greening’ of aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -
DESCRIPTION
The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -. Deepak Rughani Biofuelwatch. Anti-aviation; concern for our future. Boris backs City Airport expan Posted September12th 2008, Richard/5. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The ‘Greening’ of Aviation
- the final justification for airport expansion -
Deepak Rughani Biofuelwatch
![Page 2: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Anti-aviation; concern for our future
Climate change protesters demonstrate against the expansion of London's Heathrow airport. Photograph: Alessia Pierdomenico/Reuters
Plane Stupid: Photograph: Alessia Pierdomenico/Reuters Boris backs City Airport expanPosted September12th 2008, Richard/5
Plane Stupid: Photograph, Getty
![Page 3: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Balance Sheet
-
• GHG emissions & climate change
• Noxious gases• Noise• TPR• Demand
500m in 2030 or 410m flights/year or 360m
+ (?)
• Contribution to GDP
- infrastructure
- travel• Mobility• Jobs
![Page 4: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
All bases covered?
Damian Carrington New scientist environmental blog
Medical University of South Carolina
Corbis Collection: Imageshop Photo: 52.img.v4.skyrock.com
![Page 5: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Two ‘green promises’
1. Fuel efficiency
IATA have created the “Clearer Vision, Clearer Skies” website www.enviro.aero/
![Page 6: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Two ‘green promises’
2. Biofuels
Sustainable Aviation Fuel Users Group, Sept 2008
EU RED legislation:
Biofuels in aviation fuel counts towards 10% EU renewable energy target in transport fuels
![Page 7: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
So far, biofuels legitimise…
• Car manufacturers to repeal EU vehicle emission standards from 120g/km to 130g/km
• For DfT to continue road expansion
• Soon…Could biofuels validate airport expansion?
![Page 8: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Investment
Vast sums
• Oil• Biotech companies• Airlines • Aircraft manufacturers, • Government agencies (particularly in• Venture capitalists: large sums into research
![Page 9: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How? Creative Accounting!
Side-step Direct ecosystem destruction
Ignore Indirect ecosystem destruction
• Palm oil / SE Asian peatlands 840 years
• Soya/Amazon forest: 320 years
• Corn on set-aside: 43 years
Woodlark Island PNG
Joseph Fargione et al
![Page 10: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
More Creative Accounting!
Underestimate Nitrous Oxide Emissions
Crutzen et al
• Rapeseed biodiesel = 1-1.7 times • Ethanol from sugar beet leaves = 1.5-2.4 times
Include Reduced Land-Use-Change for Co-Products!!
Agricultural spraying. From Colorado State University Environmental Health Advanced Systems Laboratoryhttp://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/environment-book/groundwatercontamination.html
![Page 11: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ignore Human Hunger
• 2007: 860m
2009: 1,000m (UN FAO)
• Over 70% of food price inflation is attributable to agrofuels
World Bank, July 08
Try goingwithout foodfor a single day!
![Page 12: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ignore What NGOs & Experts are Saying
• “The world’s 880 million hungry people are fighting a losing battle with the world’s 800 million cars for access to food crops.” Action Aid
• “Biofuels are a crime against humanity”
Jean Ziegler, former special UN Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Oct 07
• ““From a climate change perspective, current biofuels are worse than fossil fuels”
Joseph Fargione
![Page 13: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ignore Land Expropriation
Military control, Colombia
Expropriation by arson, Paraguay
www.grr.org.ar
![Page 14: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Deforestation for oil palms, Colombia
Fires to clear land for palm oil, KalimantanPhoto by Nordin, Save our Borneo
Ignore Ecosystem Loss
![Page 15: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Risks of large-scale ecosystem collapse
African Palm in IndonesiaGHGs from deforestation contribute20% global GHG emissions (IPCC AR4) 70,000 fires burn in Amazon,
September 2007. NASA
![Page 16: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tractor runs, refining, transportation,Fertilizers, pesticides etc
Sink release: Forest burning, peat/soil oxidation
- 40% ?GHG reduction
10-fold ? = 1000%carbon increase
Micro- vs. Macro- Life-Cycle Impacts of Agro-Biofuels
Fossil Fuel Diesel & Petroleum
+ 50% / +70%
N2O emissions underestimatedby 50-150%
+
Acceleration of climate feedbacks e.g. dehydration
High Risk of Ecosystem Collapse + +
Ongoing lost capacity tosequester CO2
![Page 17: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Biofuel Sources and Test Flights
Coconut & Babassu Oil
February 2008, Virgin Atlantic Boeing 747 test flight (Heathrow to Amsterdam) using 5% coconut oil. 150,000 coconuts required
Guardian headline:“Forests Cleared for Takeoff?”
Red Pepper headline:“Virgin on Disaster”
Virgin Atlantic
![Page 18: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Air New Zealand, Continental, Japan Airlines
www.outlookseries.com/news/Science/3686.htm
Jatropha caucus
…have all conducted trials, with Jatropha a popular feedstock
![Page 19: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Air New Zealand, Boeing, Rolls Royce and UOP
• Over the Christmas Break Air New Zealand, Boeing, Rolls Royce and UOP conducted a test flight where one engine on a Boeing 747-400 ran on a 50:50 blend of Jatropha and Jet Fuel.
![Page 20: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Continental Airlines
• On 7th Jan 09 Continental Airlines did a test flight with a plane using, in one of the plane’s two engines, biofuel fuel derived from algae and jatropha plants
• JetBlue Airways is preparing for an Airbus A320-200 trial by spring 2010. Feedstocks being considered for the trial include jatropha, algae, and waste forest residues.
• Most research into algae involves genetically engineering new species using synthetic biology
![Page 22: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Military
L-29 military aircraft, Czechoslovakia
Aero L-29 Delfín Military training
50% fuel for lower 48 US
states from domestic ‘non oil
sources’ by 2016
![Page 23: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Alternatives to Kerosene
1. Fischer Tropsch gas & coal gasification > syngas > aviation fuel
(2008, Sasoil had coal-to-liquids fuel certified for aviation)
2 Fischer Tropsch biomass gasification > syngas > aviation fuel
3 Now pyrolysis of biomass > bio-oil and syngas >
(+ biochar/charcoal)
> Fischer Tropsch > aviation fuel
![Page 24: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Energy Bloghttp://thefraserdomain.typepad.com/energy/2006/12/arizona_public_.html
Algal Bioreactors
Knolhttp://knol.google.com/k/partha-das-sharma/biofuel-from-algae/oml631csgjs7/12#Knol
![Page 26: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Biofuels get Political Endorsement…
• Geoff Hoon
“One of the big challenges that many of you are embracing is to make commercial aviation biofuels a reality within five years and a major fuel source by 2050.”
![Page 27: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hey Presto!
• Lord Turner said that biofuels could allow UK climate targets to be met even if aviation expansion, including a Heathrow Third Runway, went ahead.
Job done!
![Page 28: The ‘Greening’ of Aviation - the final justification for airport expansion -](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b51550346895da44193/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Anti-Biofuel Protests…
Anti-Agrofuels: concern for our future