the green lab - [11-a] data visualization
TRANSCRIPT
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1 Het begint met een idee
Data Visualization
Giuseppe Procaccianti
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
2 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Quick Recap: Experimental Process
Experiment scoping
Experiment planning
Idea
Experiment operation
Analysis & interpretation
Presentation & package
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
3 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
What is Data Visualization?
«The use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of abstract data to
amplify cognition».
Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think. S.K.Card, J.D.Mackinlay, and B.Shneiderman, Academic Press, 1999
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
4 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Examples of amplified cognition
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
5 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
More examples of amplified cognition
WTF Visualizations: http://viz.wtf/
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
6 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Data visualization: science or art?
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
7 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Data visualization theory
Quantitative communication
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
8 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Quantitative communication
Quantitative values (measures)
Categorical information (groups)
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
9 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Quantitative communication: example
Categorical information (name)
Categorical information (group)
Quantitative values
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
10 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Quantitative communication: example
Both
Categorical
Quantitative
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
11 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Tables vs. graphs
Tables
● Easy look-up of values (comparisons)
● Precise values
● Different units of measure are possible
Graphs
● Overall "shape" of data (trends)
● Reveal relationships between multiple variables
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
12 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Data visualization theory
Graphical Integrity
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
13 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Graphical integrity [1]
● Data visualization must tell the truth
[1] Edward R. Tufte, 1983. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Graphics Press.
● Avoid misleading information and chartjunk
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
14 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Graphical integrity: principles
● Proportionality
● Utility
● Clarity
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
15 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Proportionality: Lie Factor
● Ideal LF = 1○ if LF > 1 you are overstating an effect○ if LF < 1 you are understating an effect
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
16 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Proportionality: Lie Factor
Data Visualization
5.3/0.6 = 8.83
27.5/18 = 1.53
LF=5.77
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
17 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Utility: data ink
● Ideal Data-Ink ratio != 1○ a balance must be found between readability and utility
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
18 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Utility: data ink
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
19 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Utility: data ink
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
20 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Clarity
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
21 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Clarity
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
22 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Data visualization theory
Information Encoding
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
23 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
How to encode information in a graph
● Quantitative information○ Points: relative position○ Lines: relative position, slope, length○ Bars: length (height)○ (2D) shapes: area
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
24 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Points
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
25 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Lines
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
26 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Lines
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
27 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Bars
Width plays no role!
Zero-based scale (LF)
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
28 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Columns
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
29 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
2D shapes (the infamous pie chart)
Always put percentages!
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
30 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
2D shapes (the infamous pie chart)
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
31 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
How to encode information in a graph
● Categorical information
○ Position (along an axis)
○ Color
○ Shape
○ Fill
○ Linestyle
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
32 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Position, color
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
33 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Shape
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
34 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Next lab session: ggplot tutorial
● R advanced graphics package
● https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggplot2/index.html
● REMINDER: Wednesday 9am!!
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
35 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
References and further readings
● Graph design principles, M. Torchiano (slides) on BB
● Edward R. Tufte, 1983. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Graphics Press.
● Manuel Lima: A visual history of human knowledge
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
36 Giuseppe Procaccianti / S2 group / The Green Lab
Thank you!