the greek mind chapter 5:ii. philosophers from the greek words phil “love” and sophia...
TRANSCRIPT
The Greek Mind
Chapter 5:ii
Philosophers• from the Greek words phil “love”
and sophia “wisdom”• one who seeks enlightenment or
wisdom• the ancient Greeks produced
some of the most remarkable ideas the world has ever known
The philosophers of ancient Greece laid the foundation
for disciplines such as:
• history
• political science
• biology
• logic
logic
• from the Greek word logos, meaning “word”, “speech”, “reason”
• the science of reasoning
Sophists
• from the Greek word sophia
• professional teachers who traveled from polis to polis
• rejected the belief that gods and goddesses influenced human behaviour
“Man is the measure of all things.”
- Sophist credo
Socrates believed in
absolute truth.
[Image source: http://www.btinternet.com/~socratic/]
Socrates challenged his
students to think for
themselves and be able to
defend their opinions by
asking pointed questions.[Image source: http://www.a1.com/shirt/cgi/t-shirt.cgi?soc]
[Image source: http://www.btinternet.com/~socratic/]
Socrates was found guilty of “corrupting the young” and was
ordered to commit suicide.
Plato, a student of Socrates, became a
teacher at the age of 40 and
opened a school called the Academy. [Image source: http://phd.evansville.edu/plato.htm]
In The Republic, Plato presented
what he considered to be the ideal government.
Plato distrusted the lower classes:• believed that too much freedom would result in
social disorder
• wanted only the most intelligent and best-educated citizens to participate in government
Plato rejected the senses as a source of truth.
Reality could only be understood through logical
thought and reasoning.
The philosopher
Aristotle wrote over 200 books
on topics ranging from astronomy to
political science.[Image source: http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/aristotle1.html]
[Image source:
ttp://ethics.acusd.edu/aristotle.html]
Aristotle taught the
golden mean, an ethical
principle that affirmed living
moderately and avoiding extremes in
one’s actions.
Herodotus traveled extensively during his
lifetime, recording everything he heard
and saw.[Image source:
http://www4.ncsu.edu:8030/~atstover/herodotus/]
He published his research in a tome called Historia
(“investigation”).
Thucydides is regarded as the first scientific
historian, because he was as accurate and
impartial as possible.
Thucydides visited battle sites, examined documents, and interviewed eyewitnesses while writing his book.
His History of the Peloponnesian War offered explanations for why events took
place and what motivated political leaders.
[Image source: http://windows.arc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/tour_def/people/ancient_epoch/
thales.html]
Thales was an astronomer and mathematician
who could predict solar
eclipses.
Pythagoras
[Image source: http://www.sabon.org/prana/pythagoras.jpg]
Hippocrates
[Image source: http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/4/biology/medicines/images/2c1Hippocjpg.jpg]
hygiene
[Image source: http://www.myrtlelearns.com/pictures/hygiene.psd.gif]